A spatio-temporal analysis of academic performance at the Basic Education Certificate Examination in Ghana

Over the last decade, Ghana has more than tripled investment in its basic education system. Consequently, the country has made huge educational gains, primarily in providing universal access to basic education. However, many stakeholders are worried that academic performance is lagging because of disproportional attention to accessing basic education. Discussion of these concerns is hampered by ongoing disagreement about the true trajectory of academic performance at the basic education level and the widespread nature of students' lagging academic performance. In part, this disagreement stems from the failure of empirical studies to comprehensively examine trends in academic performance standards at the basic education level by concurrently considering a geographical and longitudinal perspective. Thus, this study examines the spatio-temporal trends of academic performance at the junior high school level since 2009 by using multilevel growth curve modeling, spatial statistics, and district-level longitudinal data. Results reveal 3 statistically distinct trajectories of academic performance: erratic, accelerating, and decelerating changes. Results also show that rural–urban gaps explain 31% of the performance trajectories, a trend which is expected to persist in the long term. In addition, we find extreme variations in academic performance within rural areas. Given the varying trajectories and geographical variability in academic performance, we suggest a localized approach to addressing challenges of low academic achievement at the basic education level in Ghana.     

CJF-12型冲击反循环钻机在浅海施工工艺

在浅海岸边进行钻机作业,由于海平面水位不稳定,采用6BS反循环泵已不合适。在工作实践中,将原施工工艺改进为气举反循环,此方法不仅没有降低原钻机的施工性能,而且快捷、方便,经济效益显著。     

试论地勘单位财务改革

地勘单位在改革中，应建立以资产经营责任制为核心、以为单位内部管理服务为基础、以资金管理为中心、以目标成本管理为主要形式、以财务监督为手段的财务管理体系。     

南京大学的天文教育

全面介绍了南京大学天文系在各种教育水平 ,包括大学本科 ,硕士 ,博士和博士后教育的情况。     

关于新升格本科院校地图学教学改革的几点思考

作者通过几年来对地图学课程的的教学实践,以及与兄弟院校的交流发现:新升格本科院校地图学教学过程中普遍存在教学手段落后、绘图技术不够先进、创新思维滞后,这已经成为普遍现象,作者认为新升格本科院校的地图学教学改革势在必行。     

关于城市平面控制网的改造问题

分析建立GPS平面控制网存在的新旧资料的利用问题,指出不应对旧网全面改造,尽量维持其稳定性,并指出扩大控制网的具体办法。     

地理信息系统专业实践教学模式改革研究——以“GIS软件及其应用”课程为例

以"GIS软件及其应用"课程为例,分析传统教学方法中存在的弊端和不足,提出实践教学改革的新思路。推行合作学习、课外扩展及课程设计等创新性教学模式,并对现阶段的教学成效进行总结,提出今后改进的方向。实践表明:尊重学生主体地位、培养学生兴趣、提高学生创新意识、采取灵活的教学手段等新的教学思路与模式,提高了教学效果。     

制度演进与城市旧城区更新活动的实证研究——以武汉市汉正街为例

改革开放以来我国城市旧城区进行了若干次大规模的旧城更新活动,以武汉市汉正街为实证对象,将其更新活动分为3个阶段展开研究,总结分析各阶段国家权力结构调整、土地有偿制度深化和住房制度改革等社会制度环境的变化特征,探讨了社会制度发展在解决旧城问题上所发挥的作用及存在问题。结果表明:制度环境的变迁使旧城更新成为制度容易缺失的领域;制度目标的更迭使旧城更新渐成为公共领域与私人领域的利益争夺舞台;旧城更新的发展过程本质上是公权力与私权利交织的结果。     

Geography in Alaska: Holding the Standards High

Abstract

In 1992, the State of Alaska Department of Education embarked on a standards-writing process as part of its Alaska 2000 reform effort. Supported by a Frameworks Grant from the U.S. Department of Education, standards were written in geography, government/civics, and history during 1993 and 1994. This article highlights an extensive statewide public consensus process used to generate the Alaska 2000 Geography Standards, which were modeled after Geography for Life: National Geographic Standards 1994.     

Reform of Teacher Education: An Opportunity for Geographers

Abstract

This paper focuses on the context and major efforts designed to reform teacher education in the nation's universities. An overview of systems governing and impacting teacher education is provided, with focus on the issues and conflicting forces that form the context within which teacher education-and geography education—find themselves. The paper concludes with a discussion of general trends in education reform and renewal and leadership opportunities open to geographers.