青藏高原东部的Pn波层析成像研究

利用INDEPTH/ASCENT台阵和其它布设在青藏高原的流动宽频带地震仪数据,反演了青藏高原东部和周边区域的上地幔顶层Pn波速度以及台站延迟.研究区域的平均Pn波速度是8.1 km/s,略高于中国大陆的平均Pn波速度.低速区主要分布在羌塘地块的西部和松潘-甘孜地块,高温异常的岩石圈上地幔很可能是导致这一低速区的原因.班公-怒江缝合带东端区域的Pn波速度达到8.35 km/s,这一高速区可能与向北俯冲的印度板块(东端)有关.另一Pn波高速区分布在祁连山和昆仑山之间,主要由柴达木盆地和共和盆地及其周边地区,两个并不完全连续的高速异常区组成,它可能对应于特提斯洋闭合时北部增生的克拉通地体;在后来的欧亚板块与印度板块的碰撞中,这一地体有可能阻挡了青藏高原向北的生长.相对密集的台站提供了高分辨率的速度结构横向分布和地壳厚度变化.台站延迟显示青藏高原北部和东部的地壳存在显著的减薄--松潘-甘孜地块东北缘的地壳厚度仅为约50 km,而羌塘地块东部唐古拉山地壳最厚,达到75 km,这可能是由于印度-欧亚板块碰撞引起的羌塘地块内部变形增厚所致.     

西昆仑叶尔羌河上游地区Au元素分布特征及找矿标志

利用1∶50万区域地球化学资料,对新疆西昆仑叶尔羌河上游地区主要地层及侵入岩中的Au元素在时间和空间上的分布规律,以及Au元素在不同地层中的成矿性进行了研究,通过Au元素异常查证及矿点资料,总结出了金矿的找矿标志。     

西昆仑麻扎构造混杂岩带侏罗系的再厘定

在新疆叶城县的西昆仑麻扎构造混杂岩带内,发育一套含煤砂砾岩地层,原陕西省地质调查院在1∶25万区域地质调查中,将其划分为3个地层填图单元,即三叠系(T,未分)、三叠系赛力亚克达坂群(TS)和早—中侏罗世叶尔羌群(J1-2Y)。这些碎屑岩主体是造山作用形成的山间磨拉石沉积,但各地层单元之间多为断层接触,顶底不全,岩石地层之间的新老关系和形成时代也不清楚。通过对该套碎屑岩的详细剖面测制和分析,依据其岩石组合特征、生物地层特征对比,将该套含煤砂砾岩重新厘定为早—中侏罗世叶尔羌群(J1-2Y),并自下而上再划分为:莎里塔什组(J1s^)、杨叶组(J2y)、塔尔尕组(J2t)。它们主要是一套河湖相沉积的地层,是对西昆仑构造混杂岩带在早—中侏罗世隆起造山的沉积响应。     

阿尔金山东端余石山铌钽矿区霓辉正长岩的LA-ICP-MS定年及对成矿时代的制约

余石山铌钽矿床是近年来发现的一大型矿床,位于阿尔金造山带之红柳沟-拉配泉蛇绿构造混杂岩带、祁连造山带、欧龙布鲁克微陆块的结合部位。对矿区进行成矿背景研究时发现,矿区赋矿地层主要为长城系熬油沟组,岩性组合为变质火山岩及大理岩,穿插有霓辉正长岩体,其中发育细粒烧绿石与霓辉石等富铌钽矿物。并对霓辉正长岩进行锆石LA-ICP-MS年代学测定,结果表明霓辉石正长岩成岩年龄为(776.8±2.5)Ma,成矿与成岩年龄相近或稍晚,表明该霓辉正长岩和铌钽矿床可能形成于南华纪Rodinia超大陆裂解时所产生的大陆边缘裂谷构造环境。     

Geochemical and Sr–Pb–Nd isotopic characteristics of the Shakhtama porphyry Mo–Cu system (Eastern Transbaikalia,Russia)

The Shakhtama Mo–Cu porphyry deposit is located within the eastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, bordering the southern margin of the Mongol–Okhotsk suture zone. The deposit includes rocks of two magmatic complexes: the precursor plutonic (J₂) and ore-bearing porphyry (J₃) complexes. The plutonic complex was emplaced at the final stages of the collisional regime in the region; the formation of the porphyry complex may have overlapped with a transition to extension. The Shakhtama rocks are predominantly metaluminous, I-type high K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic in composition, with relatively high Mg#, Ni, Cr and V. They are characterized by crustal-like I_Sr (0.70741–0.70782), relatively radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions, ε_Nd(T) values close to CHUR (−2.7 to +2.1) and Nd model ages from 0.8 to 1.2 Ga. Both complexes are composed of rocks with K-adakitic features and rocks without adakite trace element signatures. The regional geological setting together with geochemical and isotopic data indicate that both juvenile and old continental crust contributed to their origin. High-Mg# K-adakitic Shakhtama magmas were most likely generated by partial melting of thickened lower crust during delamination and interaction with mantle material, while magmas lacking adakite-like signatures were probably generated at shallower levels of lower crust. The derivation of melts, related to the formation of plutonic and porphyry complexes involved variable amounts of old Precambrian lower crust and juvenile Phanerozoic crust. Isotopic data imply stronger contribution of juvenile mantle-derived material to the fertile magmas of the porphyry complex. Juvenile crust is proposed as an important source of fluids and metals for the Shakhtama ore-magmatic system.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987113000546

In the eastern part of the Indian shield,late PaleozoiceMesozoic sedimentary rocks of the Talchir Basin lie precisely along a contact of Neoproterozoic age between granulites of the Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt(EGMB)and amphibolite facies rocks of the Rengali Province.At present,the northern part of the basin experiences periodic seismicity by reactivation of faults located both within the basin,and in the Rengali Province to the north.Detailed gravity data collected across the basin show that Bouguer anomalies decrease from the EGMB(wt15 mGal),through the basin(w 10 mGal),into the Rengali Province(w 15 mGal).The data are consistent with the reportedly uncompensated nature of the EGMB,and indicate that the crust below the Rengali Province has a cratonic gravity signature.The contact between the two domains with distinct sub-surface structure,inferred from gravity data,coincides with the North Orissa Boundary Fault(NOBF)that defnes the northern boundary of the Talchir Basin.Post-Gondwana faults are also localized along the northern margin of the basin,and present-day seismic tremors also have epicenters close to the NOBF.This indicates that the NOBF was formed by reactivation of a Neoproterozoic terrane boundary,and continues to be susceptible to seismic activity even at the present-day.     

Trace Element Geochemistry of Magnetite from the Fe(-Cu) Deposits in the Hami Region, Eastern Tianshan Orogenic Belt, NW China

Laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry(LA–ICP–MS) was used to determine the trace element concentrations of magnetite from the Heifengshan, Shuangfengshan, and Shaquanzi Fe(–Cu) deposits in the Eastern Tianshan Orogenic Belt. The magnetite from these deposits typically contains detectable Mg, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn and Ga. The trace element contents in magnetite generally vary less than one order of magnitude. The subtle variations of trace element concentrations within a magnetite grain and between the magnetite grains in the same sample probably indicate local inhomogeneity of ore–forming fluids. The variations of Co in magnetite between samples are probably due to the mineral proportion of magnetite and pyrite. Factor analysis has discriminated three types of magnetite: Ni–Mn–V–Ti(Factor 1), Mg–Al–Zn(Factor 2), and Ga– Co(Factor 3) magnetite. Magnetite from the Heifengshan and Shuangfengshan Fe deposits has similar normalized trace element spider patterns and cannot be discriminated according to these factors. However, magnetite from the Shaquanzi Fe–Cu deposit has affinity to Factor 2 with lower Mg and Al but higher Zn concentrations, indicating that the ore–forming fluids responsible for the Fe–Cu deposit are different from those for Fe deposits. Chemical composition of magnetite indicates that magnetite from these Fe(–Cu) deposits was formed by hydrothermal processes rather than magmatic differentiation. The formation of these Fe(–Cu) deposits may be related to felsic magmatism.     

WorldView-2高分辨率卫星数据在西昆仑塔什库尔干地区遥感地质调查中的应用

在西昆仑成矿带塔什库尔干地区,利用WorldView-2高分辨率卫星数据开展了遥感地质综合调查研究,采用最佳指数法选择适于本区遥感解译及信息提取的8-4-3波段组合,利用波段比值、主成分变换等方法增强岩性、构造和矿化信息并进行地质解译;结果表明,波段比值可识别闪长岩、大理岩、片岩等多套岩性并突出岩性之间的界线,主成分变换能增强黑云石英片岩与白色花岗岩体间界线,并能对不同片岩因矿物含量差异而呈现的不同色调、明暗程度有较好的反映。岩矿波谱测试及岩性反演和遥感矿化异常信息提取研究工作表明,大理岩等单矿物岩石波谱反演效果较好,对B1,B4,B8,B6等4个波段进行主成分变换及铁矿化信息的提取结果表明,PC3分量是铁染异常的特征主分量。利用WorldView-2数据在西部裸露地区进行矿产地质遥感综合调查,既有高地面分辨率的光学特征,又具有一定的波谱识别能力,不仅能提取大范围的矿化蚀变信息,还可以识别局部的矿体露头,应用效果较好,值得推广。     

Pressure-temperature Evolution of the Metapelites in the Motuo Area,the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis

The Motuo area is located in the east of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis. There outcrops a sequence of high-grade metamorphic rocks, such as metapelites. Petrology and mineralogy data suggest that these rocks have experienced three stages of metamorphism. The prograde metamorphic mineral assemblages(M1) are mineral inclusions(biotite + plagioclase + quartz ± sillimanite ± Fe-Ti oxides) preserved in garnet porphyroblasts, and the peak metamorphic assemblages(M2) are represented by garnet with the lowest XSps values and the lowest XFe# ratios and the matrix minerals(plagioclase + quartz ± Kfeldspar + biotite + muscovite + kyanite ± sillimanite), whereas the retrograde assemblages(M3) are composed of biotite + plagioclase + quartz symplectites rimming the garnet porphyroblasts. Thermobarometric computation shows that the metamorphic conditions are 562–714°C at 7.3–7.4 kbar for the M1 stage, 661–800°C at 9.4–11.6 kbar for the M2 stage, and 579–713°C at 5.5–6.6 kbar for the M3 stage. These rocks are deciphered to have undergone metamorphism characterized by clockwise P-T paths involving nearly isothermal decompression(ITD) segments, which is inferred to be related to the collision of the India and Eurasia plates.     

Thermodynamic Evaluation of Mineral Balance in Water Thickness of the Soda Lake Doroninskoe(Eastern Transbaikalia,Russia)

正In recent years,lakes,including salted,attract the attention of researchers,also when reconstructing last climate changes using the bottom sediments(Solotchina et al.,2008,et al.).In this case the different geochemical