北半球季节内振荡经向分布及异常的分析

通过诊断分析研究了北半球中高纬大气低频振荡随纬度的变化特征,利用1950-2005年北半球20—75°N逐日500hPa位势高度场资料分析了功率谱。结果表明,（1）大气低频周期随纬度变化,夏季低频周期在45°N有最大值,为52．6d,在低纬和高纬低频周期较小;冬季低频周期最大值位于35°N,为49．9d,最小值位于60°N。（2）无论E1Nino年还是LaNina年,低频周期随纬度变化幅度在夏季都较正常年剧烈,最大振幅达到30d,而对冬季影响不大。原本位于35°N的最长低频周期在LaNina年移至65°N。（3）E1Nino年和LaNina年,低频周期随纬度平均值在冬、夏季差异不大;而在正常年份和所有年份,低频周期随纬度平均值在冬、夏季差异明显。（4）就北半球平均而言,无论ElNino年、LaNina年、正常年还是所有年,夏季低频周期都要小于冬季;ElNino（LaNina）事件在冬、夏季都有使大气低频周期缩短（延长）的趋势。     

2009年全球重大天气气候事件概述

2009年,全球表面气温为有器测记录以来的第五暖年。年初,暴风雪、低温和寒潮天气席卷欧洲大部,北美频繁遭受暴风雪的袭击;中国北方出现严重秋冬连旱;澳大利亚东南部持续罕见高温;夏季,中国东部、南亚、欧洲多国、美国西海岸遭受高温热浪袭击;年内,澳大利亚、墨西哥、非洲东部持续于旱。6月,一次厄尔尼诺事件开始形成。2009年,西北太平洋和大西洋的热带气旋活动均较常年偏少。     

EL NINO EPISODE-RELATED NH 100 hpa CIRCULATION ANOMALY

Investigation is carried out of winter Northern Hemisphere (NH) 100 hpa teleconnection, indicating the existence of a PNA pattern whose wavetrain well resembles that at 500 hpa level. During the climax of the EI Nino episode (winter), the 100 PNA becomes strong, a fact that manifests itself more clearly than at the 500 hpa level. Moreover, study is made of the anomaly in the tropical monthly windfield and mean circulation on a seasonal basis in a range of phases of the EI Nino event. Results show that the 100 hpa geopotential height is lowered on a large scale in the spring and previous winter with the event happening as compared to a La Nina year, wherewith diagnosis is performed of the 1991/1992 EI Nino episode.     

QBO Features of Tropical Pacific wind Stress Field with the Relation to El Nino

Analysis has been implemented of 1970-1992 tropical Pacific wind stress anomaly and sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) datasets, indicating that quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of the tropical Pacific WS and SSTA is featured both by a standing and a progressive form, the former emerging in the most intense centers of action and the latter travelling east- or west-ward out of the SSTA sources. Results show that the SSTA is in the warm (cold) phase as zonal component of euqatorial wind stress anomaly gets weakened (reinforced) and the QBO of wind stress anomaly is well related to the El Nino cycle.     

1994年北半球环流特征及其影响

１９９４年北半球主要环流特征表现为：５００ｈＰａ副高明显偏强西伸，盛夏位置异常偏北；欧亚地区盛行伟向环流，北半球极涡向极地收缩，强度偏弱；盛夏东亚中纬地区维持稳定的高压脊，西风带锋区位置偏北；夏季１００ｈＰａ南亚高压强度偏强、位置偏北、东伸明显；热带海洋出现明显异常，一次新的厄尔尼诺事件形成。北半球大气环流和热带海洋的异常对我国天气气候产生了明显影响。     

The Southern Oscillation / Northern Oscillation Cycle Associated with Sea Surface Temperature in the Equatorial Pacific

This paper analyzed the time evolution of the global 1000 hPa height anomalies related to the sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern equatorial Pacific by using ECMWF data in the period 1979-1988, in which two Pacific warm events, 1982/83 and 1986/787, are included. It is found that there are distinct evidences of eastward propagation of alternate positive / negative height anomalies not only in the tropical South Pacific but also in the tropical North Pacific. The former is associated with the Southern Oscillation (SO) and the latter is associated with the so-called Northern Oscillation (NO).It is noteworthy that the alternate positive / negative anomaly centers associated with SO and NO can be traced back to the middle and higher latitudes of the South Indian Ocean and the East Asian continent respectively, which may be significant for the understanding of the causes and mechanism of SO and NO and for the monitoring of ENSO.Furthermore, these evolution processes have a strong symmetry about the     

地气耦合研究进展简介

简要介绍了近十多年来地气相互作用研究领域所取得的成果,并从整体地球系统的角度探索自然灾害(气象灾害和地震灾害)的成因.在总结和评述过去工作的基础上,提出了地幔对流节律性假说,并利用这一假说解释了板缘地震、地球自转和厄尼诺之间的关系;利用地幔中存在中小尺度对流这一设想并结合绝对涡度守恒原理讨论了板内地震、地热流和旱涝分布之间的联系.最后提出了对今后地气耦合研究工作的一些看法.     

垂直低分辨率GCM模式大气平均经圈环流的诊断

以ＩＡＰ２－Ｌ ＧＣＭ为例，给出垂直低分辨率ＧＣＭ模式大气平均经圈环流质量流函数的一个计算方案，结果表明，模式大气的Ｈａｄｌｅｙ环流季节变化与实际大气相一致。Ｅｌ Ｎｉｎｏ年模式大气平均经圈环流中可分离出一个与Ｅｌ Ｎｉｎｏ型ＳＳＴ异常关系密切的异常经圈环流，它导致平均Ｈａｄｌｅｙ环流向北半球盛夏型转变的滞后。     

Indian summer monsoon and El Nino

The associations between strong to moderate El Nino events and the all-India and subdivisional summer monsoon rainfall is examined for the period 1871 to 1978. The significance of the association is assessed by applying the Chi-square test to the contingency table. The analysis indicates that during 22 El Nino years the Indian monsoon rainfall was mostly below normal over most parts of the country. However, the association between El Nino and deficient rainfall or drought is statistically significant over the subdivisions west of longitude 80°E and north of 12°N. During the five strong El Nino years—1877, 1899, 1911, 1918, and 1972—many areas of India suffered large rainfall deficiencies and severe droughts. There are four moderate El Nino years—1887, 1914, 1953, and 1976—when the suffering was marginal. The relationship between El Nino and the Indian monsoon rainfall is expected to be useful in forecasting large-scale anomalies in the monsoon over India.     

安阳区域性夏季大旱成因分析

利用1957～1998年安阳区域夏季降水资料，确定安阳区域性夏季大旱的标准，分析了大旱成因：东亚沿海低槽较常年异常深厚和偏东以及西太平洋副高异常偏东、偏南和偏弱；当年6～8月太阳黑子相对平均数处于谷点或从谷点开始上升时期；当年春季出现厄尔尼诺或存在厄尔尼诺现象，绝大部分安阳降水偏少或特少，出现干旱或大旱；6～8月西风急流轴异常偏北，也是造成安阳区域性夏季大旱的原因之一。