植物地球化学找矿中有效指示元素和有效指示植物的选择方法—以黑龙江多宝山铜成矿区为例

黑龙江多宝山铜成矿区属于大兴安岭森林沼泽景观区,在该区进行植物地球化学找矿具有一定优势。在植物地球化学找矿中,有效指示元素和有效指示植物是主要评价指标。本文研究目的是如何确定有效指示元素和有效指示植物。通过多宝山铜成矿区和相邻对照区植物地球化学对比研究,提出有效指示元素和有效指示植物选择的原则和方法。提出利用衬度系数(KCD)、组合衬度系数(ZKCD)、屏障系数(KPZ)等多指标方法选择有效指示植物。研究认为,多宝山成矿区有效指示元素为Cu及Ag、Mo、Co、Pb、Zn、W,白桦和胡枝子可作为有效指示植物。     

黑龙江多宝山斑岩铜(钼)矿床蚀变-矿化阶段及其流体演化

黑龙江多宝山斑岩铜(钼)矿床是大兴安岭中北部多宝山-阿尔山铜(钼)成矿带内最大的斑岩型矿床,位于兴蒙造山带的最东端。矿床赋存于花岗闪长岩及多宝山组下部地层中。据野外脉体类型和穿插关系、围岩蚀变类型、矿物组合,将多宝山斑岩铜(钼)矿床的蚀变和矿化自早至晚划分为4个阶段:Ⅰ钾硅化阶段;Ⅱ 硅化-钼矿化阶段;Ⅲ绢英岩化-铜矿化阶段;Ⅳ碳酸盐石英阶段。石英中包裹体类型主要有水溶液包裹体、富CO₂包裹体、含子晶多相包裹体、纯CO₂包裹体。成矿流体从早阶段到晚阶段具有规律性演化特征:钾硅化阶段发育水溶液包裹体、富CO₂包裹体,盐度集中在6%~10% NaCleqv,密度0.5~0.9g·cm^-3,均一温度峰值为245~400℃;硅化-钼矿化阶段发育水溶液包裹体、富CO₂包裹体、含子晶多相包裹体均一温度峰值为260~300℃,盐度1.7%~39% NaCleqv,密度0.3~1.1g·cm^-3;绢英岩化-铜矿化阶段发育水溶液包裹体、富CO₂包裹体,均一温度峰值220~280℃,盐度0.1%~24.8% NaCleqv,峰值集中在6%~12%,密度0.5~1.0g·cm^-3;碳酸盐阶段仅发育水溶液包裹体包裹体,均一温度峰值为125~170℃,盐度0.5%~12.8% NaCleqv,密度0.8~0.9g·cm^-3。激光拉曼探针分析结果表明成分主要为H₂O和CO₂。本文对多宝山矿床主成矿期压力进行了估算,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ阶段捕获压力分别为110~160MPa、58~80MPa、8~17MPa。测温实验结合野外现象及包裹体岩相学表明多宝山斑岩铜(钼)矿床是一个复杂的构造-岩浆成矿系统,与成矿有关的热流体不是单一的岩浆分异的结果,构造裂隙系统也为含矿流体提供了很好的导矿与容矿空间,矿床沉淀机制为温度压力的变化及空间的开放导致流体不混溶与沸腾作用,不同流体的混合、水岩反应致使流体pH值、成分发生变化,从而导致铜、钼的矿化。     

大兴安岭多宝山地区晚古生代碱长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄：对兴安和松嫩地块碰撞拼合时间的限定

【研究目的】大兴安岭多宝山地区位于兴蒙造山带东部的兴安地块与松嫩地块之间的构造带上,区内构造演化复杂,岩浆活动频繁,本文通过对多宝山地区晚古生代碱长花岗岩的年代学和岩石地球化学研究,旨在约束兴安地块与松嫩地块碰撞拼合的时限。【研究方法】开展了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年和岩石主微量元素的测试分析工作。【研究结果】测年获得的2件样品的加权平均年龄分别为（300.3±2.0）Ma和（307.3±1.7）Ma,属晚石炭世。岩石具有高硅SiO₂=69.70%～77.42%,相对富铝Al2O3=11.60%～15.05%,富钾和钠（K₂O=4.09%～5.67%;Na2O=3.13%～4.13%）,贫钙和镁（CaO=0.02%～0.8%; MgO=0.02%～0.48%）的特征;微量元素表现出富集Rb、Th、Zr和Hf,亏损Ba、Sr、Nb和Ta,（Zr+Nb+Ce+Y）含量较高,平均值为529.10×10^-6;稀土元素配分模式呈右倾,具明显Eu负异常;同时岩石具有较高的锆石饱和温度,符合A型花岗岩的特征。【结论】结合区域构...     

Geology,geochronology and geochemistry of large Duobaoshan Cu-Mo-Au orefield in NE China: Magma genesis and regional tectonic implications

Duobaoshan is the largest porphyry-related Cu-Mo-Au orefield in northeastern(NE)Asia,and hosts a number of large-medium porphyry Cu(PCDs),epithermal Au and Fe-Cu skarn deposits.Formation ages of these deposits,from the oldest(Ordovician)to youngest(Jurassic),have spanned across over 300 Ma.No similar orefields of such size and geological complexity are found in NE Asia,which reflects its metallogenic uniqueness in forming and preserving porphyry-related deposits.In this study,we explore the actual number and timing of magmatic/mineralization phases,their respective magma genesis,fertility,and regional tectonic connection,together with the preservation of PCDs.We present new data on the magmatic/mineralization ages(LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb,pyrite and molybdenite Re-Os dating),whole-rock geochemistry,and zircon trace element compositions on four representative deposits in the Duobaoshan orefield,i.e.,Duobaoshan PCD,Tongshan PCD,Sankuanggou Fe-Cu skarn,and Zhengguang epithermal Au deposits,and compiled published ones from these and other mineral occurrences in the orefield.In terms of geochronology,we have newly summarized seven magmatic phases in the orefield:(1)Middle-Late Cambrian(506-491 Ma),(2)Early and Middle Ordovician(485-471 Ma and~462 Ma),(3)Late Ordovician(450-447 Ma),(4)Early Carboniferous and Late-Carboniferous to Early Permian(351-345 and 323-291 Ma),(5)Middle-Late Triassic(244-223 Ma),(6)Early-Middle and Late Jurassic(178-168 Ma and~150 Ma),and(7)Early Cretaceous(~112 Ma).Three of these seven major magmatic phases were coeval with ore formation,including(1)Early Ordovician(485-473 Ma)porphyry-type Cu-Mo-(Au),(2)Early-Middle Triassic(246-229 Ma)porphyry-related epithermal Au-(Cu-Mo),and(3)Early Jurassic(177-173 Ma)Fe-Cu skarn mineralization.Some deposits in the orefield,notably Tongshan and Zhengguang,were likely formed by more than one mineralization events.In terms of geochemistry,ore-causative granitoids in the orefield exhibit adakite-like or adakite-normal arc transitional signatures,but those forming the porphyry-/epithermal-type Cu-Mo-Au mineralization are largely confined to the former.The varying but high Sr/Y,Sm/Yb and La/Yb ratios suggest that the ore-forming magmas were mainly crustal sourced and formed at different depths(clinopyroxene-/amphibole-/garnet-stability fields).The adakite-like suites may have formed by partial melting of the thickened lower crust at 35-40 km(for the Early Ordovician arc)and>40 km(for the Middle-Late Triassic arc)depths.The Early Jurassic Fe-Cu skarn orecausative granitoids show an adakitic-normal arc transitional geochemical affinity.These granitoids were likely formed by partial melting of the juvenile lower crust(35-40 km depth),and subsequently modified by assimilation and fractional crystallization(AFC)processes.In light of the geological,geochronological and geochemical information,we proposed the following tectonometallogenic model for the Duobaoshan orefield.The Ordovician Duobaoshan may have been in a continental arc setting during the subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean,and formed the porphyry-related deposits at Duobaoshan,Tongshan and Zhengguang.Subduction may have ceased in the latest Ordovician,and the regional tectonics passed into long subsidence and extension till the latest Carboniferous.This extensional tectonic regime and the Silurian terrestrial-shallow marine sedimentation had likely buried and preserved the Ordovician Duobaoshan magmatic-hydrothermal system.The south-dipping Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean subduction from north of the orefield had generated the Middle-Late Triassic continental arc magmatism and the associated Tongshan PCD and Zhengguang epithermal Au mineralization(which superimposed on the Ordovician PCD system).The Middle Jurassic closure of Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean in the northwestern Amuria block(Erguna terrane),and the accompanying Siberia-Amuria collision,may have placed the Paleo-Pacific subduction system in NE China(including the orefield)under compression,and formed the granodiorite-tonalite and Fe-Cu skarn deposits at Sankuanggou and Xiaoduobaoshan.From the Middle Jurassic,the consecutive accretion of Paleo-Pacific arc terranes(e.g.,Sikhote-Alin and Nadanhada)onto the NE Asian continental margin may have gradually distant the Duobaoshan orefield from the subduction front,and consequently arc-type magmatism and the related mineralization faded.The minor Late Jurassic and Cretaceous unmineralized magmatism in the orefield may have triggered mainly by the far-field extension led by the post-collisional(Siberia-Amuria)gravitational collapse and/or Paleo-Pacific backarc-basin opening.     

Application of high-frequency magnetotelluric method in porphyry copper deposit exploration: a case study of Duobaoshan deposit area

The Duobaoshan mine area in Heilongjiang is located in the northeast section of Xingmeng orogenic belt and is in the west side of Hegang Mountain-Heihe fault zone .There exist many deposits in this area , and its metallogenic conditions are superior , which has been one of the hotspots in geological prospecting and metal -logenic research in Northeast China .On the basis of previous studies , the authors used the EH-4 electromagnet-ic imaging system to carry out the data acquisition of three survey lines in Woduhe Village , Duobaoshan Town , Nenjiang County .Through the analysis of apparent resistivity section under TE and TM polarization modes , in-tegrating regional geological data , it is concluded that:①the electrical characteristics of the metal ore in this area show a relatively low resistance , and according to its resistivity difference with surrounding rocks , the geo-metrical structures and apparent resistivity parameters of the low resistivity bodies in the lower section of the sur -vey line are defined , and the electrical anomalies can be identified;②faults F1 and F2 may have a good metal-logenic environment , so they are recommended for further exploration;③low resistance metal ore bodies have good correlation with local small structures or faults , which may play an iconic role for the delineation of key target areas;④in the process of using apparent resistivity to define the geometric structures of ore bodies un -derground , comprehensive analysis integrating the advantages of TE and TM models should be carry out to achieve more reliable inversion results .     

黑龙江嫩江三矿沟—多宝山—争光成矿带地质特征与成矿规律

三矿沟—多宝山—争光成矿带为东北地区重要的金属矿集区,发育有三矿沟矽卡岩铜铁矿床、多宝山斑岩铜钼矿床、争光浅成低温金矿床等典型矿床。基于已获得的研究成果,结合前人的资料,重点解剖多宝山、三矿沟和争光3个典型矿床的地质特征,发现3个矿床的成矿类型和地质特征大不相同,成矿时代（加里东期、燕山早期和燕山中期）各异。综合地质研究表明,多宝山矿床形成于岩浆弧背景,三矿沟矿床为弧后伸展背景的产物,争光矿床形成于碰撞后陆壳伸展背景。     

黑龙江多宝山地区遥感找矿蚀变异常提取方法研究

通过对遥感矿化蚀变异常提取方法的研究,总结出一套针对黑龙江省大兴安岭这类植被覆盖严重地区的矿化蚀变信息提取方法.采用比值分析和主成分分析相结合的方法提取了围岩的矿化蚀变信息,得到了大兴安岭多宝山地区的遥感异常蚀变信息图,并对蚀变异常提取结果进行了野外实地考察,证实了这种方法在该地区的可行性,为该区找矿提供了一定的依据.     

基于分形模型的遥感灰度异常提取研究：以黑龙江多宝山地区铁染异常提取为例

分形的特征是标度不变性,即在一定的尺度范围内表现出统计的自相似性。在地质现象中,自相似性非常普遍,如：构造的形态、矿床的分布、岩石中元素的含量等。蚀变围岩在一定程度上反映或指示着矿床的分布,蚀变岩石与正常围岩在矿物组分、化学成分和岩石组合上都有所不同。在遥感图像上,上述蚀变特征表现为不同的色调和纹理等,即图像像元亮度的...     

黑龙江多宝山矿集区成矿规律与找矿方向

多宝山斑岩铜矿位于黑龙江省嫩江县境内,为我国北方重要的斑岩型铜矿床之一.在包括多宝山矿床在内的矿集区范围内资源丰富,有斑岩型铜(钼)矿床、矽卡岩型铁铜矿床以及热液型金矿床.在系统收集分析前人资料的基础上,查明矿集区成矿规律与找矿方向,认为复活了的基底构造对铜元素的迁移、富集和贫化起着重要的控制作用.矿集区北西段为矽卡岩...     

森林沼泽景观区遥感矿化蚀变信息提取方法研究

采用遥感技术,以最新的遥感数据为基础,充分收集近年来新取得的地质资料和矿产信息,以多宝山地区为例,在森林沼泽景观区进行遥感蚀变异常提取研究。在遥感彩色合成影像上做掩模之后分别进行蚀变异常分级方法和蚀变异常信息提取,并参考地质图,依据不同区域影像中的色彩差异进行小区划分,再对各小区分别进行异常信息提取。这样不但减少了去除伪异常信息的工作量,而且使不同分级标准区分同一地区不同地物中成为可能,从而提高了异常信息提取的准确度。