喀雅克登塔格北坡辉绿岩地球化学特征及构造背景研究

根据测区涉及不同时代、不同期次的岩浆岩特征,通过对采集样品的分析,并根据相关由岩浆岩的微量元素地球化学特征判别岩浆形成的大地构造环境和岩浆源区的化学性质的判别理论和方法。对测区范围内的辉绿岩主要特征、岩石地球化学特征、稀土元素特征及微量元素特征进行了分析类比,从而揭示了喀雅克登塔格辉绿岩属于大陆拉斑玄武岩系列钙碱性岩,来源于较富集的地幔源区,岩石成因属幔源型侵入岩。     

Platinum-group elemental geochemistry of mafic and ultramafic rocks from the Xigaze ophiolite, southern Tibet

The Xigaze ophiolite in the central part of the Yarlung–Zangbo suture zone, southern Tibet, has a well-preserved sequence of sheeted dykes, basalts, cumulates and mantle peridotites at Jiding and Luqu. Both the basalts and diabases at Jiding have similar compositions with SiO₂ ranging from 45.9 to 53.5 wt%, MgO from 3.1 to 6.8 wt% and TiO₂ from 0.87 to 1.21 wt%. Their Mg^#s [100Mg/(Mg + Fe)] range from 40 to 60, indicating crystallization from relatively evolved magmas. They have LREE-depleted, chondrite-normalized REE diagrams, suggesting a depleted mantle source. These basaltic rocks have slightly negative Nb- and Ti-anomalies, suggesting that the Xigaze ophiolite represents a fragment of mature MORB lithosphere modified in a suprasubduction zone environment. The mantle peridotites at Luqu are high depleted with low CaO (0.3–1.2 wt%) and Al₂O₃ (0.04–0.42 wt%). They display V-shaped, chondrite-normalized REE patterns with (La/Gd)_N ratios ranging from 3.17 to 64.6 and (Gd/Yb)_N from 0.02 to 0.20, features reflecting secondary metasomatism by melts derived from the underlying subducted slab. Thus, the geochemistry of both the basaltic rocks and mantle peridotites suggests that the Xigaze ophiolite formed in a suprasubduction zone.Both the diabases and basalts have Pd/Ir ratios ranging from 7 to 77, similar to MORB. However, they have very low PGE abundances, closely approximating the predicted concentration in a silicate melt that has fully equilibrated with a fractionated immiscible sulfide melt, indicating that the rocks originated from magmas that were S-saturated before eruption. Moderate degrees of partial melting and early precipitation of PGE alloys explain their high Pd/Ir ratios and negative Pt-anomalies. The mantle peridotites contain variable amounts of Pd (5.99–13.5 ppb) and Pt (7.92–20.5 ppb), and have a relatively narrow range of Ir (3.47–5.01 ppb). In the mantle-normalized Ni, PGE, Au and Cu diagram, they are relatively rich in Pd and depleted in Cu. There is a positive correlation between CaO and Pd. The Pd enrichment is possibly due to secondary enrichment by metasomatism. Al₂O₃ and Hf do not correlate with Ir, but show positive variations with Pt, Pd and Au, indicating that some noble metals can be enriched by metasomatic fluids or melts carrying a little Al and Hf. We propose a model in which the low PGE contents and high Pd/Ir ratios of the basaltic rocks reflect precipitation of sulfides and moderate degrees of partial melting. The high Pd mantle peridotites of Xigaze ophiolites were formed by secondary metasomatism by a boninitic melt above a subduction zone.     

岩浆侵入对围岩储层的成岩及其变质特征的影响及意义——以松辽盆地南部辉绿岩侵入带露头研究为例

以松辽盆地南部团山子采石场辉绿岩侵入露头为例,采用连续密集取样、常规分析和碳氧稳定同位素测试等方法,对围岩储层的成岩及其变质特征进行分析,进而探讨岩浆侵入对围岩的影响及其储层意义。岩浆侵入对角岩围岩的影响包括：1）自生绢云母距离侵入体越远,其含量越少;2）粘土矿物主要为成岩晚期的伊利石和绿泥石;3）角岩中发育特殊“气孔-杏仁”构造。岩浆侵入对上覆砂岩的影响表现为：1）造成自生石英的特征分布;2）造成粘土矿物的不均匀分布;3）形成反映应力挤压特征的颗粒结构。角岩中浊沸石发育和高岭石不发育对应碱性环境,不利于热液微裂缝中碳酸盐矿物的溶蚀。因此,尽管角岩发育微孔、微缝等少量储集空间（平均孔隙度为1.70%）,但其渗透能力很低（平均渗透率小于0.1 mD）。侵入活动对研究露头砂岩储层物性造成的不利影响,主要是由于挤压作用和热液流动作用使自生矿物不均匀分布,从而导致或加剧了砂岩储层的非均质性。