南沙群岛海区珊瑚礁灾害性地质分析

珊瑚礁是一种特殊的岩土介质，有独特的灾害地质类型。珊瑚礁灾害地质研究是现代工程地质学的一个新课题。通过珊瑚礁的地质记录研究了内动力灾害地质类型（包括活动断裂、地震和火山活动等）、外动力灾害地质类型（包括海底槽谷与地形突变带、崩塌、滑坡、峰礁与埋藏礁、泥丘、埋藏负地貌等），同时还分析了人类活动对珊瑚礁发育的影响。     

青岛胶州湾3.2级地震构造背景与控震断裂

本文应用构造分析的方法 ,对青岛胶州湾 3.2级地震发生的地震地质背景和构造背景进行分析。结果表明 :胶州湾 3.2级地震主要受 NEE向郝官庄断裂和 NNW向大沽河断裂控制 ,并根据现代活动断裂的标志 ,对上述 2组断裂活动性特征作了阐述     

Geodynamic Evolution of the Eastern Segment of the Azores-Gibraltar Zone: The Gorringe Bank and the Gulf of Cadiz Region

Detailed structural interpretation of the recently acquired deep seismic multichannel profiles along the Iberian Atlantic Margins (IAM Project) provides new results on the geodynamic evolution of the eastern part of the Azores-Gibraltar plate boundary. Thrusting and folding of the oceanic basement and of Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary cover of the Gorringe Bank region are consistent with the N–S convergence of Iberia and Africa. Compressive structures in the Gorringe Bank region are spread over a wide area. Deformation under compression took place mainly in Tertiary times, as is evidenced by a basal unconformity and several discontinuities in Tertiary sediments, although some deformation has also been recorded in Quaternary sediments. The compressive structures in the Gulf of Cadiz are E–W oriented thrusts, folds and related diapiric structures. N–S oriented transpressive deformation is likely to occur in the western Portuguese platform. There is no continuity of structures from the oceanic to the continental domain, suggesting that deformation transfers from one side to the other through a transcurrent fault zone. The fault contact between the two domains is located in the ocean-continent transition zone.     

Theoretical aspects of cap-rock and fault seals for single- and two-phase hydrocarbon columns

Cap-rock seals can be divided genetically into those that fail by capillary leakage (membrane seals) and those whose capillary entry pressures are so high that seal failure preferentially occurs by fracturing and/or wedging open of faults (hydraulic seals). A given membrane seal can trap a larger oil column than gas column at shallow depths, but below a critical depth (interval), gas is more easily sealed than oil. This critical depth increases with lower API gravity, lower oil GOR and overpressured conditions (for the gas phase). These observations arise from a series of modelling studies of membrane sealing and can be conveniently represented using pressure/ depth (P/D) profiles through sealed hydrocarbon columns. P/D diagrams have been applied to the more complex situation of the membrane sealing of a gas cap underlain by an oil rim; at seal capacity, such a two-phase column will be always greater than if only oil or gas occurs below the seal.These conclusions contrast with those for hydraulic seals where the seal capacity to oil always exceeds that for gas. Moreover, a trapped two-phase column, at hydraulic seal capacity will be less than the maximum-allowed oil-only column, but more than the maximum gas-only column. Unlike membrane seals, hydraulic seal capacity should be directly related to cap-rock thickness, in addition to the magnitude of the minimum effective stress in the sealing layer and the degree of overpressure development in the sequence as a whole.Fault-related seals are effectively analogous to membrane cap-rocks which have been tilted to the angle of the fault plane. Consequently, all of the above conclusions derived for membrane cap-rocks apply to both sealing faults sensu stricto (fault plane itself seals) and juxtaposition faults (hydrocarbon trapped laterally against a juxtaposed sealing unit). The maximum-allowed two-phase column trapped by a sealing fault is greater than for equivalent oil-only and gas-only columns, but less than that predicted for a horizontal membrane cap-rock under similar conditions. Where a two-phase column is present on both sides of a sealing fault (which is at two-phase seal capacity), a deeper oil/water contact (OWC) in one fault block is associated with a deeper gas/oil contact (GOC) compared with the adjacent fault block. If the fault seal is discontinuous in the gas leg, however, the deeper OWC is accompanied by a shallower GOC, whereas a break in the fault seal in the oil leg results in a common OWC in both fault blocks, even though separate GOC's exist. Schematic P/D profiles are provided for each of the above situations from which a series of fundamental equations governing single- and two-phase cap-rock and fault seal capacities can be derived. These relationships may have significant implications for exploration prospect appraisal exercises where more meaningful estimates of differential seal capacities can be made.The membrane sealing theory developed herein assumes that all reservoirs and seals are water-wet and no hydrodynamic flow exists. The conclusions on membrane seal capacity place constraints on the migration efficiency of gas along low-permeabiligy paths at depth where fracturing, wedging open of faults and/or diffusion process may be more important. Contrary to previous assertions, it is speculated that leakage of hydrocarbons through membrane seals occurs in distinct pulses such that the seal is at or near the theoretically calculated seal capacity, once this has been initially attained.Finally, the developed seal theory and P/D profile concepts are applied to a series of development geological problems including the effects of differential depletion, and degree of aquifer support, on sealing fault leakage, and the evaluation of barriers to vertical cross-flow using RFT profiles through depleted reservoirs. It is shown that imbibition processes and dynamic effects related to active cross-flow across such barriers often preclude quantitative analysis and solution of these problems for which simulation studies are usually required.     

福建深沪湾地学旅游资源及其科学价值评价

在对福建深沪湾地学旅游资源进行综合、系统的考察基础上,对福建深沪湾旅游资源进行了系统的分析与统计研究,并对其中的地质遗迹景观和类型进行系统分类,着重对海底古森林、古牡蛎滩、红土台地、古人类活动遗迹发现点和海蚀地貌等核心地质景观进行了阐述,并对其科学意义进行了尝试性探讨。     

基于麦克斯韦理论的海底大地电磁探测技术

麦克斯韦理论为海底大地电磁探测技术奠定了坚实基础。大地电磁场的测量通常测取Ex，Ey，Hx，Hy,Hz。大地电磁仪的设计要点包括：高灵敏度、智能化、同步采集数据、锚系硬连接、承压密封和合理的下沉速度所观测的数据经计算机处理后，可获得被测海域的地球物理信息。     

遥感技术在地质找矿中的应用及发展前景

遥感技术作为矿产勘查的一种手段应用于找矿,并取得了一定成就.遥感技术的直接应用是蚀变遥感信息的提取,遥感技术的间接应用包括地质构造信息、植被的光谱特征及矿床改造信息等方面.遥感找矿具有很大的发展前景的领域主要有:高光谱数据、数据融合技术、3S的紧密结合、计算机技术的发展.     

流变学:构造地质学和地球动力学的支柱学科

地球是一动态系统,其各层圈的构造运动归根到底就是多矿物复合岩石在各种物理条件(例如,温度、围压、差应力、应变速率、应变方式等)下和化学环境(例如,氧逸度和水含量)中的形变。流变学作为研究岩石力学性质和变形行为的科学,现已成为地球动力学和构造地质学的支柱学科。本文对国际上近年来岩石流变学的最新进展做些扼要的介绍,呼吁中国固体地学界加强流变学的研究,做出经得起时间淘洗、实践检验的原创性成果来,使中国的构造地质学研究迈进国际先进的行列。     

三峡库区高切坡致灾因素及防护对策——以重庆市万州区为例

三峡库区百万移民的搬迁建设导致大量高切坡的形成。未及时治理或治理不当的高切坡,不同程度地发生破坏,影响了人们的正常生活,甚至引发了地质灾害。因此,科学认识及治理高切坡十分必要。重庆市万州区高切坡主要有风化及差异风化、崩塌和土体滑塌等破坏形式。影响破坏的因素主要为工程地质条件、气候及时间效应。针对高切坡不同的破坏形式,以安全、经济及环境和谐的人文理念作为设计指导思想,充分论证了高切坡的防护方案,即：削坡、排水以及格构防护较适合万州区高切坡的防护。这些措施,既能很好地解决高切坡的防护问题,又能兼顾环保、降低造价。研究结果可以作为三峡地区高切坡类地质灾害防护设计的参考。也可为其它流域类似问题借鉴。     

云南潞西大矿山铅锌矿

矿体产于花岗岩以上断层附近大理岩中,大理岩与花岗岩接触部位是主要的矿化部位,在大矿山、小石林、灰窑等地见有强褐铁矿化、弱铅锌矿化的厚大矿化层。通过勘查工作,认为矿区具有寻找中-大型规模矿山的前景。