Recovery Behavior of the Propagating Buckle on Elastic Structures

Based on the beam system model used by Chater, Hutchinson and Neale (1982), the recovery behavior of propagating buckle on elastic structures is first found out from the computational results. As the representative of some elastic structures, the Chater-Hutchinson-Neale model indicates that once the buckle meets arresters, unlike the case in submarine pipelines, it will be reflected back to continue its propagation in a negative phase or a negative direction. The pressure which maintains the negative propagation, however, is as same as that required for the positive propagation. This fact has been examined in the experiment of the bulge propagation on a long elastic latex tube. The present discovery greatly supports the hypothesis that the buckle propagation coresponds to the coexisting phase of structures.     

Lithosphere,crust and basement ridges across Ganga and Indus basins and seismicity along the Himalayan front,India and Western Fold Belt,Pakistan

Spectral analysis of the digital data of the Bouguer anomaly of North India including Ganga basin suggest a four layer model with approximate depths of 140, 38, 16 and 7 km. They apparently represent lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary (LAB), Moho, lower crust, and maximum depth to the basement in foredeeps, respectively. The Airy’s root model of Moho from the topographic data and modeling of Bouguer anomaly constrained from the available seismic information suggest changes in the lithospheric and crustal thicknesses from ∼126–134 and ∼32–35 km under the Central Ganga basin to ∼132 and ∼38 km towards the south and 163 and ∼40 km towards the north, respectively. It has clearly brought out the lithospheric flexure and related crustal bulge under the Ganga basin due to the Himalaya. Airy’s root model and modeling along a profile (SE–NW) across the Indus basin and the Western Fold Belt (WFB), (Sibi Syntaxis, Pakistan) also suggest similar crustal bulge related to lithospheric flexure due to the WFB with crustal thickness of 33 km in the central part and 38 and 56 km towards the SE and the NW, respectively. It has also shown the high density lower crust and Bela ophiolite along the Chamman fault. The two flexures interact along the Western Syntaxis and Hazara seismic zone where several large/great earthquakes including 2005 Kashmir earthquake was reported.The residual Bouguer anomaly maps of the Indus and the Ganga basins have delineated several basement ridges whose interaction with the Himalaya and the WFB, respectively have caused seismic activity including some large/great earthquakes. Some significant ridges across the Indus basin are (i) Delhi–Lahore–Sargodha, (ii) Jaisalmer–Sibi Syntaxis which is highly seismogenic. and (iii) Kachchh–Karachi arc–Kirthar thrust leading to Sibi Syntaxis. Most of the basement ridges of the Ganga basin are oriented NE–SW that are as follows (i) Jaisalmer–Ganganagar and Jodhpur–Chandigarh ridges across the Ganga basin intersect Himalaya in the Kangra reentrant where the great Kangra earthquake of 1905 was located. (ii) The Aravalli Delhi Mobile Belt (ADMB) and its margin faults extend to the Western Himalayan front via Delhi where it interacts with the Delhi–Lahore ridge and further north with the Himalayan front causing seismic activity. (iii) The Shahjahanpur and Faizabad ridges strike the Himalayan front in Central Nepal that do not show any enhanced seismicity which may be due to their being parts of the Bundelkhand craton as simple basement highs. (iv) The west and the east Patna faults are parts of transcontinental lineaments, such as Narmada–Son lineament. (v) The Munghyr–Saharsa ridge is fault controlled and interacts with the Himalayan front in the Eastern Nepal where Bihar–Nepal earthquakes of 1934 has been reported. Some of these faults/lineaments of the Indian continent find reflection in seismogenic lineaments of Himalaya like Everest, Arun, Kanchenjunga lineaments. A set of NW–SE oriented gravity highs along the Himalayan front and the Ganga and the Indus basins represents the folding of the basement due to compression as anticlines caused by collision of the Indian and the Asian plates. This study has also delineated several depressions like Saharanpur, Patna, and Purnia depressions.     

准噶尔盆地西缘车排子凸起构造演化及断层形成机制

结合区域构造地质背景,采用现今构造静态描述与构造演化过程剖析相结合的研究思路,分析了车排子凸起的几何学与运动学特征,剖析了车排子凸起的构造演化过程,探究了构造演化过程控制下不同类型断层的形成机制.结果表明:车排子凸起之上发育两套断裂系统,即海西印支期形成的断穿石炭系白垩系底的逆断层,喜马拉雅期形成的断穿白垩系、古近系和新近系的正断层.车排子凸起构造演化过程可以划分为强烈隆升剥蚀阶段(C₃J)、缓慢沉降阶段(KE)、局部伸展阶段(NQ)3个阶段,这3个阶段的构造应力背景具有差异性,导致不同阶段形成的断裂体系和地层厚度差异性明显.C₃J时期,车排子凸起处于向东推覆的逆冲褶皱带上,发育向东逆冲的红车断裂带和断穿石炭系白垩系底的逆断层,无地层沉积;KE时期,红车断裂带的右旋压扭活动使车排子凸起处于逆冲楔顶部带,受北东向挤压,先期逆断层有的继承性持续发育,有的停止发育,还有的发育一段时间后停止发育,并形成盲冲断层,地层从南东向北西沉积尖灭;NQ时期,北天山向北强烈挤压隆升的作用使车排子凸起处于前缘隆起带,一些逆断层发生负反转,同时在NQ发育大量正断层,受凸起向南倾作用,地层南厚北薄.     

平原水库防渗膜下气胀现象产生机制现场试验研究

对库盘铺膜平原水库的气胀现象产生机制进行了理论探讨和现场试验研究。分析指出围坝填筑、库水位快速下降及地下水位上升等因素是导致膜下产生气胀的主要原因。在德州大屯水库进行了现场试验,模拟了不同膜上荷重、不同地下水位上升幅度和速率等试验工况,对膜下地层不同埋深处孔隙压力和膜下气胀现象进行了观测,分析了各因素对膜下气胀变化规律影响。试验结果表明,地下水位快速上升能够引起膜下气胀压力加大,地下水位上升幅度影响膜下气胀压力的大小;不同地下水位上升速率对膜下气场影响较小,在膜上设置一定荷载可较好地防止膜顶托或胀破。     

Seismic geomorphology and depositional system of delta and terminal fan: A case study of the Neogene Shawan Formation in the Chepaizi Uplift,Junggar Basin,China

The mainpurpose of this article is to demonstrate the utility of stratal slice images for exploring the sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology of complex depositional systems. A seismic sedimentological study was performed to map sediment dispersal characteristics of the Neogene Shawan Formation in the Chepaizi Uplift of the Junggar Basin, China. The Chepaizi Uplift is developed on the Carboniferous igneous rock basement that lies at the western boundary of the Junggar Basin. The data sources primarily include lithology, well-logging and seismic data. In the main target strata, the Neogene Shawan Formation can be divided into three fourth-order sequences (SQN₁s₁, SQN₁s₂, and SQN₁s₃), and the sequence SQN₁s₁ is subdivided into three fifth-order sequences (SQN₁s₁¹, SQN₁s₁², and SQN₁s₁³). Based on the established fine-sequence stratigraphic framework, the sedimentary facies types have been identified, they are shallow braided-river deltas, fan deltas, littoral and sublittoral lakes, braided rivers, and terminal fans. Then, stratal slices have been used to clearly depict the boundaries of sedimentary facies. Accurate results have been obtained that characterize braided river channels, terminal fans, littoral and sublittoral lake beaches, and subaqueous distributary channels in the braided-river delta front. Additionally, this seismic sedimentology study reflects variations in source area and evolution history.     

确定深基坑隆起破坏面的优化方法

采用有限元程序求得深基坑支护结构和土体开挖前后的应力状态以及土体任一点处的极限状态函数值;运用人工参与的优化方法选择坑底最大可能隆起破坏的起点与终点以及潜在隆起破裂面的形状和位置,并计算相应的安全系数。计算表明,潜在破裂面终点的位置对围护桩插入比不敏感．而潜在破裂面起点位置随围护桩入土深度的增加而逐渐靠近围护桩。工程实例证实了组合优化算法对潜在破裂面确定的有效性和实用性。     

准噶尔盆地车排子地区新村油田石炭系构造特征与成藏条件

通过对准噶尔盆地车排子地区新村油田石炭系构造特征、储层、油气分布特征、主要油藏类型及其成藏条件的研究,建立了该区成藏综合模式。结果表明,研究区总体上处于构造斜坡带,具有北高南低、西高东低、南北分块的构造特征,地层产状平缓;研究区在石炭纪处于区域拉张构造应力背景,并在拉张应力作用下形成以北东—南西向展布为主的拉张型断裂组合样式;研究区大部分地区地层等高线平直,不利于形成背斜构造圈闭,但各级断裂发育,为形成断层遮挡圈闭提供了有利条件,同时也可作为油气运移的通道。依据石炭系断裂分布、断裂模式及其组合,将研究区的断裂划分为复合地垒系统、复合地堑系统和零星断裂系统。控制研究区油气运聚成藏的主要地质因素是断裂、裂缝及岩性变化或物性封堵。     

新疆塔里木盆地温宿凸起石油地质条件新认识

为了弄清塔里木盆地温宿凸起构造演化、油源条件及圈闭类型等关键地质问题,通过石油地质条件综合分析,结合样品测试分析,查清了温宿地区油气成藏的关键因素,提出了石油地质条件新认识。结果表明: 温宿凸起为一个继承性发育的古隆起,构造演化主要经历了4个发展阶段; 温宿凸起油气藏类型以构造-岩性型为主; 温宿凸起不发育烃源岩,但发育沟通拜城富烃凹陷的高效输导体系; 温宿凸起新近系吉迪克组油气藏类型以构造-岩性型为主; 油气的生成、运移、聚集主要发生在新近纪—第四纪,具有明显的晚期复式成藏特点; 优越的盖层条件是温宿吉迪克组油气藏形成的重要因素。