含水层中海水入侵的数学模型

提出了考虑过渡带的适合潜水含水层和承压含水层的海水入侵数学模型,导出了相应的方程和定解条件.经实例验证,模型是合理和可靠的.     

Experimental diffusion of hydrogen into synthetic fluid inclusions in quartz

Abstract Quartz-hosted, synthetic CO₂-H₂O fluid inclusions behave as open systems with respect to diffusional transfer of hydrogen during laboratory-simulated metamorphic re-equilibration at 650, 750 and 825°C and 1.5 kbar total pressure with f_O2 defined by the C-CH₄ buffer. Microthermometry and Raman spectroscopy show that the initial CO₂-H₂O inclusions become CO₂-CH₄-H₂-H_2O
inclusions after diffusive influx of hydrogen from the reducing confining medium. Measurable changes are observed in inclusion compositions after only 15 days of re-equilibration, implying significant hydrogen mobility at still lower temperatures over geological time spans. Results of synthetic inclusion re-equilibrium experiments have profound implications for the interpretation of natural fluid-inclusion data; failure to account for potential hydrogen migration in inclusions from high-temperature geological environments may lead to erroneous estimates of P-T, and/or the compositions of metamorphic fluids.     

Natural gas generation model and its response in accumulated fluids in the Yinggehai basin

The generation of natural gases is much more complicated in comparison with liquid petro-leum in that natural gases could be generated from both humic and sapropelic organic matter at different stages and that natural gases could be organic and inorganic …     

国际地球自转服务(IERS)评介

回顾了建立国际地球自转服务(IERS)的历史过程,简述了IERS机构各部门的设置及其作用。着重介绍了IERS重建的理由和过程以及新IERS机构的组成。最后给出IERS成果对现有科学研究的作用和意义。     

The acute and chronic effects of wastes associated with offshore oil and gas production on temperate and tropical marine ecological processes

A review of the acute and chronic effects of produced formation water (PFW), drilling fluids (muds) including oil-based cutting muds, water-based cutting muds, ester-based cutting muds and chemical additives, and crude oils associated with offshore oil and gas production was undertaken in relation to both temperate and tropical marine ecological processes. The main environmental effects are summarized, often in tabular form. Generally, the temporal and spatial scales of these studies, along with the large levels of inherent variation in natural environments, have precluded our ability to predict the potential long-term environmental impacts of the offshore oil and gas production industry. A series of critical questions regarding the environmental effects of the offshore oil and gas production industry that still remain unanswered are provided for future consideration.     

Evolution of Ore-Forming Fluids and Ag-Cu Polymetal Mineralization in the Lanping Basin, Yunnan

EVOLUTION OF ORE-FORMING FLUIDS AND Ag-Cu POLYMETAL MINERALIZATION IN THE LANPING BASIN, YUNNAN“KeyProjectforResourcesandEconomics” (95 0 2 0 0 1 0 1)oftheMinistryofLandResources     

西藏冈底斯中段雄村铜金矿床成矿流体特征与成因探讨

雄村铜金矿是在西藏冈底斯中段新发现的一个矿床,流体包裹体组成分析揭示该矿床成矿流体为富含CO2、N2和有机气体的Na _K _Ca2 _Cl-_SO2-4_HS-_CO2-3体系,Na/K、Na/Ca和Cl-/SO2-4摩尔比值分别为1.5～7.1、0.2～2.1和1.0～29.3。氢、氧同位素分析显示,成矿流体δ18O值范围为-4.7‰～ 2.2‰,δD值范围为-104‰～-82‰,表明成矿流体以大气水为主,但岩浆流体可能也对矿床的形成起了重要作用。硫化物硫同位素组成也显示硫主要来自深源岩浆,雄村矿床高盐度流体的形成可能与岩浆流体的低压不混溶密切相关。高盐度流体是雄村贱金属元素活化、迁移的重要介质;地下水中高的有机质还原SO2是诱发贱金属沉淀成矿的重要机制。有机质还原SO2也为Au的活化、迁移提供了介质和有利的还原环境。雄村矿床的形成与岩浆流体和循环地下水共同作用有关,浅部稳定的热体制和高的有机质还原SO2机制是形成雄村矿床特殊蚀变矿化样式的重要原因。     

吉林省油页岩勘探中聚合物钻井液防塌机理的试验研究与应用

在试验研究的基础上对比了无机聚合物硅酸盐和有机聚合物聚乙烯醇(PVA)、部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(PHPA)和非水解聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的防塌能力;由试验得出吸附成膜的速度和保护膜的致密程度是决定钻井液体系防塌能力的关键因素;钻井液体系的防塌能力是无机聚合物和有机聚合物协同作用的结果;部分水解聚丙烯酰胺钻井液体系的防塌能力较非水解聚丙烯酰胺钻井液体系的防塌能力强。研制的无固相聚合物钻井液在吉林农安、伊通、舒兰和梅河口4个矿区近3 000 m的钻探施工中,孔壁稳定,孔内事故少,岩芯采取率达98%以上。     

新疆阿尔泰山南缘泥盆纪弧型苦橄岩铂族元素地球化学特征及其地质意义

全球岛弧火山岩的铂族元素数据非常少。本研究对新疆阿尔泰山南缘中泥盆世北塔山组地层中的苦橄岩的铂族元素进行了分析,结果表明:其铂族元素的含量总体变化不大,其原始地幔标准化曲线总体上和已经报道的大西洋Lesser Antilles岛弧的G renada苦橄岩相似,均以富集钯组铂族元素(PPGE)为特征,但总体含量比后者高,而比大火成岩省的苦橄岩低。一些铂族元素的特征比值指示了苦橄岩和富辉玄武岩起源于软流圈地幔,而高的w(Os)/w(Ir)比值则暗示了源区中有深海沉积物的加入。w(Pd)/w(Ir)-w(N i)/w(Cu)图解说明本区的苦橄岩不是原始岩浆,而是原始的高镁玄武岩中有过剩橄榄石的加入,而w(Pd)-w(Cu)图解则说明原始岩浆硫不饱和。IPGE在俯冲带流体中相对稳定,而PPGE在俯冲带流体中的活动性相对较高。     

Lithium isotope fractionation in the southern Cascadia subduction zone

We present lithium (Li) abundances and isotope compositions for a suite of anhydrous olivine tholeiites (HAOTs) and hydrous basalt-andesitic (BA) lavas from the Mt. Shasta and Medicine Lake regions, California. The values of δ⁷Li vary from + 0.9‰ to + 6.4‰ and correlate inversely with distance from the trench. These data are consistent with continuous isotope fractionation of Li during dehydration of the subducted oceanic lithosphere, an interpretation corroborated by uniformly high pre-eruptive H₂O contents in basaltic andesites accompanied by high Li, Rb, Sr, Ba and Pb abundances. The subduction-derived component that was added to these hydrous magmas is shown to be very similar beneath both Mt. Shasta and Medicine Lake volcanoes despite characteristically distinct Li isotope compositions in the magmas themselves. More evolved andesites and dacites from Mt. Shasta have δ⁷Li from + 2.8 to + 6.9‰ which is identical with the range obtained for HAOTs and BA lavas from Mt. Shasta. Therefore, Li isotopes do not provide evidence for any other crustal component admixed to Mt. Shasta andesites or dacites during magmatic differentiation and magma mixing in the crust.