利用Win32 API通信函数实现串口通信编程

测绘仪器与计算机之间的异步串行通信是现代测绘中经常遇到的问题,如何在Windows平台下实现测绘仪器与计算机之间数据通信是测量内、外业一体化的基本问题。在工作经验的基础上,详细研究和分析了利用Win32API通信函数实现串口通信编程的基本方法以及多线程技术在串口通信中的应用和特点,最后以大地型ASHTECHGPS接收机为研究对象,进行了相应的实验研究。     

Process-based model for nearshore hydrodynamics, sediment transport and morphological evolution in the surf and swash zones

Hydrodynamics and sediment transport in the nearshore zone were modeled numerically taking into account turbulent unsteady flow. The flow field was computed using the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes equations with a k–ε turbulence closure model, while the free surface was tracked using the Volume-Of-Fluid technique. This hydrodynamical model was supplemented with a cross-shore sediment transport formula to calculate profile changes and sediment transport in the surf and swash zones. Based on the numerical solutions, flow characteristics and the effects of breaking waves on sediment transport were studied. The main characteristic of breaking waves, i.e. the instantaneous sediment transport rate, was investigated numerically, as was the spatial distribution of time-averaged sediment transport rates for different grain sizes. The analysis included an evaluation of different values of the wave friction factor and an empirical constant characterizing the uprush and backwash. It was found that the uprush induces a larger instantaneous transport rate than the backwash, indicating that the uprush is more important for sediment transport than the backwash. The results of the present model are in reasonable agreement with other numerical and physical models of nearshore hydrodynamics. The model was found to predict well cross-shore sediment transport and thus it provides a tool for predicting beach morphology change.     

水平井技术在秦皇岛32—6油田西区底水油藏中的开发实践

随着油田开发技术的进步，水平井开采技术日趋完善，在底水油藏应用中取得了明显效果。秦皇岛32—6油田西区是典型的底水油藏，该区主体于2002年采用定向井投入开发，投产后基本没有无水采油期，底水锥进、突破很快，经过6年多的开发已进入高含水期，至2008年初，含水83．7％，采出程度5．05％，开发效果较差。基于水平井开发底水油藏试验研究，总结出影响该区水平井开发效果两个主要因素：水平段距离油水界面高度和水平井区隔夹层分布状况。在此基础之上，通过开展隔夹层及剩余油研究，在明下段有利位置布水平井6口，并在实施中应用了随钻跟踪及先进的完井技术。该区6口水平调整井投产后初期产能约是定向井的3倍，全油田预计最终采收率提高0．36％，取得了良好的效益。     

Tracking stormwater discharge plumes and water quality of the Tijuana River with multispectral aerial imagery

Spatial–temporal characteristics and environmental factors regulating the behavior of stormwater runoff from the Tijuana River in southern California were analyzed utilizing very high resolution aerial imagery, and time-coincident environmental and bacterial sampling data. Thirty nine multispectral aerial images with 2.1-m spatial resolution were collected after major rainstorms during 2003–2008. Utilizing differences in color reflectance characteristics, the ocean surface was classified into non-plume waters and three components of the runoff plume reflecting differences in age and suspended sediment concentrations. Tijuana River discharge rate was the primary factor regulating the size of the freshest plume component and its shorelong extensions to the north and south. Wave direction was found to affect the shorelong distribution of the shoreline-connected fresh plume components much more strongly than wind direction. Wave-driven sediment resuspension also significantly contributed to the size of the oldest plume component. Surf zone bacterial samples collected near the time of each image acquisition were used to evaluate the contamination characteristics of each plume component. The bacterial contamination of the freshest plume waters was very high (100% of surf zone samples exceeded California standards), but the oldest plume areas were heterogeneous, including both polluted and clean waters. The aerial imagery archive allowed study of river runoff characteristics on a plume component level, not previously done with coarser satellite images. Our findings suggest that high resolution imaging can quickly identify the spatial extents of the most polluted runoff but cannot be relied upon to always identify the entire polluted area. Our results also indicate that wave-driven transport is important in distributing the most contaminated plume areas along the shoreline.     

The intermediate-age open clusters Ruprecht 61, Czernik 32, NGC 2225 and 2262

We present the first BVI CCD photometry to   V = 22.0  of four fields centred on the region of the southern Galactic star clusters Ruprecht 61, Czernik 32, NGC 2225 and 2262 and of four displaced control fields. These clusters have never been studied before, and we provide for the first time estimates of their fundamental parameters, specifically radial extent, age, distance and reddening. We find that the four clusters are all of intermediate age (around 1 Gyr), close to the Sun and possess lower than solar metal abundance.     

第32届国际地质大会区域地质研究进展

第32届国际地质大会汇集了全球典型地区的区域地质研究的最新成果。前寒武纪克拉通和年轻造山带的岩石圈差异表明在晚古生代欧洲是一个复杂的沿着由于罗得利亚超大陆裂解而形成的波罗的海边缘增生的地体拼接带。阿拉伯—努比亚地盾在新元古代也经历了裂解、俯冲及碰撞固结的过程。利用新资料分析了Afar地幔柱与板块构造事件对红海演化过程的影响程度。通过逆冲推覆构造确定里海和咸海地区一期强烈的挤压应力场与油气及矿床的定位密切相关。喜马拉雅结晶岩系年代的确定和第三纪以来造山带地质构造的演化取得了很大的进展。大会上展示了阿尔卑斯地区和区域地质有关的最新研究成果,分析了北美及加勒比地区区域地质研究的进展与现状。     

The sulfur isotopic composition of Neoproterozoic seawater sulfate: implications for a snowball Earth?

The present study employs a method for analysis of the sulfur isotopic composition of trace sulfate extracted from carbonates collected in Namibia in order to document secular variations in the sulfur isotopic composition of Neoproterozoic oceanic sulfate and to assess variations in the sulfur cycle that may have accompanied profound climatic events that have been described as the snowball Earth hypothesis. The carbonates in the Otavi Group of Northwest Namibia contain 3-295 ppm sulfate. Positive excursions, to a high of 40‰ (CDT), occur above the lower (Chuos Formation) and upper (Ghaub Formation) glacial intervals in the Rasthof and Maieberg cap carbonates, respectively. Positive excursions at the top of the Rasthof Formation (reaching 51‰) and within the overlying Gruis Formation (34‰) do not appear to correspond to glaciation. The δ³⁴S_sulfate values within the Ombaatjie Formation exhibit shifts over relatively short stratigraphic intervals (tens of meters), varying between ∼15 and 25‰. Cap carbonates from Australia exhibit positive δ³⁴S_pyrite trends with amplitudes similar to those of Namibian δ³⁴S_sulfate, although, more data are necessary to firmly establish these δ³⁴S trends as global in nature. δ³⁴S_sulfate excursions found in Namibian cap carbonates are consistent with the snowball Earth hypothesis in that they appear to reflect nearly complete reduction of sulfate in an isolated, anoxic global ocean, although, there are other mechanisms that may have facilitated these large shifts in δ³⁴S_sulfate. Regardless, the low sulfate concentrations in Otavi carbonates, the high amplitude variability of the δ³⁴S_sulfate curve, and the apparently full reduction of sulfate (as implied from δ³⁴S_pyrite data), even in strata low in C_org, suggest that Neoproterozoic oceanic sulfate concentrations were much lower than modern values. Additionally, the buildup of ferrous iron and banded-iron formations during the Sturtian glacial event would indicate that Fe supply exceeded sulfide availability during the glacials and/or that all sulfide was fixed and buried. This could be construed as further evidence in support of low oceanic sulfate (and sulfide) at this time.     

基于NB-IoT技术的小型自动气象站监测系统设计

针对传统气象站通信组网技术复杂度高、建站成本高、时效性差、功耗高等缺点，设计了一种基于NB IoT技术的小型自动气象站监测系统，该系统主要由气象传感设备、单站控制器及物联网云平台组成。该系统以低功耗Corter M3内核的STM32L152微控制芯片为硬件核心，依托气象传感器设备，实现气象要素数据的采集和处理；利用NB IoT技术实现气象站和云端服务器之间的数据传输；利用RESTful API和MySQL技术，实现用户交互、远程终端控制、数据存储、数据显示、数据分析、数据查询等功能。测试结果表明，该系统建站简单、功耗低、数据传输稳定，可实现对气象要素的远程实时监测。     

Prediction of strong earthquakes in Vrancea,Romania, using the CN algorithm

The application of the CN algorithm to a new earthquake catalogue, for the period from 1932 to 1993, obtained by merging Romanian and U.S.S.R. data, allows us to monitor, on the intermediate time scale. the preparation of strong, intermediate-depth earthquakes in the Vrancea region. Four of the five strong earthquakes with magnitudes above 6.4 are predicted. The total duration of the Time of Increased Probability (TIP) of the occurrence of an earthquake (TIP) occupies 21.7% of the time interval under consideration, i.e., about 2.5 years for each strong earthquake.     

On intermediate-term earthquake prediction in central Italy

The Time of Increased Probability (TIP) for the occurrence of a strong earthquake is determined in Central Italy. This is done with an algorithm that has been successfully applied in other regions of the world (algorithm CN, from the initials of California and Nevada, where the first diagnoses of TIPs were made). The use of normalized functions allows direct application of the orginal algorithm to the new region being studied, without anyad hoc adjustment of the parameters.Retrospective analysis carried on until 1986 shows that TIPs occupy 26 percent of the total time considered and precede four out of five strong earthquakes. Forward monitoring indicates the possible existence of a TIP started in May 1988.Several tests indicate that the results obtained are quite stable, even when using catalogues from different agencies. Apart from obvious practical interest, this research is essential for the worldwide investigation of self-similarity in the origin of strong earthquakes.