Correlation between magnetic and mineralogical properties of some tertiary basaltic rocks from qatrani-fayum area,Egypt

This paper reports clear correlation between the magnetic and mineralogical properties of some basaltic rocks from Egypt. Although all the measured samples are reversely magnetized lavas, yet clear differences were found between them. A four-fold classification based on the nature of both titanomagnetite and discrete ilmenite grains is given. The classification is based mainly on the differentiation between the different stages of oxidation and these were found to be in accordance with the intensity of magnetization and susceptibility values.     

Possible correlation between a mantle plume and the evolution of Paleo-Tethys Jinshajiang Ocean: Evidence from a volcanic rifted margin in the Xiaru-Tuoding area, Yunnan, SW China

Several Paleozoic sutures in Southwestern China provide a record of the history of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, whose birth and final closure are associated with the breakup and assembly of Gondwanaland. Recent studies indicate that there are widespread OIB-type mafic volcanic rocks within these suture zones and intervening terranes. This paper examines the geology and geochemistry of volcanic rocks in the Xiaruo-Tuoding area, a remnant passive margin succession of the Jinshajiang Paleo-Tethyan Ocean. The sedimentary and volcanic stratigraphy of this area is interpreted as a seaward dipping margin with a few continentward dipping normal faults. The available geochemistry of these volcanic rocks suggest that they are OIB-like basalts, characterised by SiO₂ = 42.78–50.46 wt.%, high TiO₂ contents (TiO₂ = 2.2–3.55 wt.%), moderate MgO = 4.15–6.49 wt.%, Mg# = 0.37–0.50, high Ti/Y ratios (mostly > 450), large ion lithosphere elements enrichment, high strength field elements and rare earth elements, with La/Nb = 1.04–1.39, Ce/Yb = 18.38–30, Sm/Yb = 2.16–3.52, (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)i = 0.705350–0.707867, and Nd(t) = − 1.43–1.90. These geochemical and isotopic signatures are generally similar to those of the Emeishan flood basalts, which together with stratigraphic constraints, demonstrate that these volcanics were formed in a volcanic rifted margin, probably associated with a mantle plume. A new model is proposed to interpret the evolution of the Jinshajiang Paleo-Tethyan Ocean and its possible relationship to the Emeishan mantle plume. In this model, we argue that the opening of the Jinshajiang Paleo-Tethyan Ocean in the Carboniferous was caused by a mantle plume. The mantle plume was active to the east along the western margin of the Yangtze Craton between 300 and 260 Ma, from which the voluminous Emeishan flood basalts were erupted at 260 Ma. The closure of the Jinshajiang Ocean occurred since the Middle Permian. Continuous westward subduction generated the Jiangda-Weixi magmatic arc to the west of the Jinshajiang suture. This subduction also partly destroyed and/or tectonically sliced the volcanic rifted margin. Some seaward dipping volcanic-sedimentary sequences on the east flank of the Jinshajiang Ocean were preserved, but are strongly deformed.     

滇西高黎贡构造带东缘中侏罗世玄武岩岩石地球化学特征及其构造意义

高黎贡构造带东南缘的混杂岩带形成的构造背景复杂。产于混杂岩带以东的中侏罗世玄武岩地球化学特征可能为该岩石形成的构造背景提供依据。滇西中侏罗世玄武岩分布于高黎贡构造带东缘的凤平镇-畹町(南带)和怒江(北带)一带。其中怒江一带玄武岩具有块状构造,气孔杏仁发育,间粒结构,发生了绿片岩相变质。岩石属于亚碱性拉斑系列,具有中等的MgO(5.09%～6.20%)、较高的钛(Ti O_21.64%～2.14%)、铁(Fe O~T9.19%～12.80%),且Na_2OK_2O。岩石Mg~#值(Mg~#=Mg~(2+)/(Mg~(2+)+Fe~(2+)))为0.51～0.59,反映了源区岩浆经历了明显的辉石和橄榄石分离结晶,同时存在低氧逸度下分离结晶。岩石富含稀土元素(78.52×10~(-6)～99.41×10~(-6)),具明显的轻、重稀土分馏((La/Yb)_N=4.06～5.54),无明显Eu异常(δEu=0.91～1.00),斜长石分离结晶不明显。同时,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Th、U)和高场强元素(Nb、Zr、Ti),具有弱的Nb、Zr、Ti负异常。较高的Zr/Y(3.58～5.88)、Ta/Yb(0.29～0.51)、Th/Yb(1.15～1.45)和(La/Nb)_N(1.03～1.41)比值,说明怒江一带玄武岩具有裂谷特征。相对高Nb含量(8.83×10~(-6)～15.60×10~(-6))和富集稀土元素不同于岛弧,周边及下部缺少洋壳和Nb负异常有别于OIB。岩浆源自富集的石榴石地幔橄榄岩部分熔融,在上涌过程中受到了地壳污染,显示Nb负异常。有限的岩浆作用规模和较短的喷发时间反映了高黎贡构造带东缘怒江一带具有被动拉张的裂谷性质,可能与古特提斯洋闭合引起的拉张作用有关。     

西南印度洋中脊63.9°E斜长石超斑状玄武岩对超慢速扩张洋脊岩浆过程的指示

人们对超慢速扩张洋中脊深部岩浆过程的了解至今仍十分模糊。我们对西南印度洋洋中脊(Southwest Indian Ridge,SWIR) 63. 9°E处采集到的斜长石超斑状玄武岩(Plagioclase Ultra-Phyric Basalt,PUB)进行了岩石学和地球化学研究。样品具有以下几个特征:斜长石斑晶的体积分数高达～25%,而橄榄石斑晶的体积分数约1%;尽管该样品中玻璃的成分与同一洋脊段玄武岩的成分基本一致,但高Fo橄榄石斑晶与玻璃基质的成分不平衡;不同类型的斜长石晶体之间存在成分差异,单个斜长石大斑晶中的An值也呈现出与正常的结晶分异过程不符的环带;斜长石斑晶中发育溶蚀、筛状等不平衡结构。因此,我们认为,斜长石超斑状玄武岩经历了多期次熔体的作用,是由通过密度分选聚集在岩浆房顶部的斜长石斑晶被之后的火山喷发带出海底形成。尽管斜长石超斑状玄武岩与同一洋脊段的非斑状玄武岩之间并不存在母熔体成分上的差别,但超斑状玄武岩的出现进一步反映了超慢速扩张洋壳岩浆活动的多样性。     

东天山自然铜矿化带玄武岩的起源、演化及成岩构造背景

新疆东天山地区与玄武岩有关的自然铜矿化带位于东天山觉罗塔格构造带内,自西向东有十里坡、黑龙峰、长城山、东尖峰等主要矿(化)点,自然铜矿化主要发育在玄武岩、杏仁状玄武岩及凝灰岩夹层中。本文基于玄武岩的地球化学特征,研究东天山自然铜矿化带玄武岩是否与地幔柱有关、岩浆源区性质、岩浆演化、成岩构造背景等问题。研究显示,东天山自然铜矿化带玄武岩与地幔柱岩浆活动无直接关系,整个天山地区是否存在石炭-二叠纪地幔柱岩浆活动也需要进一步的研究; 玄武岩起源于亏损岩石圈地幔,是演化岩浆的产物; 演化的玄武质岩浆形成后,在岩浆房中或上升至地表的过程中没有发生明显的分离结晶作用,也没有受到明显的地壳物质混染; 与玄武岩对应的地幔橄榄岩平衡原生岩浆演化的高镁岩浆的产物,可能为东天山地区与铜镍硫化物成矿有关的基性-超基性岩,指示这些铜镍硫化物矿床可能与地幔柱岩浆活动也没有关系; 玄武岩形成于新疆北部后碰撞构造阶段的伸展期,是在拉张应力体制下,由于软流圈上涌导致岩石圈地幔部分熔融而形成。     

大别造山带南坡晚白垩世玄武岩源区地幔特征

大别造山带南坡中生代断陷盆地中出露大量晚白垩世碱性玄武岩类。因岩浆受结晶分异和陆壳混染影响微弱,其成分基本可代表本区原生玄武岩浆。在微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,本区玄武岩具有地壳富集组分Pb、K、Rb、Ba等的正异常和Nb、P、Hf等高场强元素的负异常。同位素和微量元素特征显示,玄武岩浆来自亏损地幔(DM)和富集地幔(EM+EM)混合源区。玄武岩源区地幔中Pb的富集和Nb、P、Hf等的亏损基本可由中国东部亏损地幔与榴辉岩的混合获得,由此揭示富集地幔端元组成特征可能与晚白垩世前造山带根部榴辉岩拆沉并参与地幔再循环有关。