细菌和真菌对复合污染模拟废水的处理研究

本文利用胶质芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mucilaginosus)和黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)处理铜-苯酚(简称铜-酚)和镉-苯酚(简称镉-酚)这类有机-无机复合污染模拟废水,采用胶质芽孢杆菌和黑曲霉分别单独、联合或先后处理等5种方式,探讨了这两类菌体对复合污染模拟废水的处理效果及优化方法。结果表明,微生物对铜-酚废水的处理效果优于对镉-酚废水。对于铜-酚废水的处理表明,当废水中苯酚浓度为50~200 mg/L时,去除率可达80%以上,最高可达94.65%,其中铜的去除率较苯酚低;当模拟废水中铜浓度为30 mg/L时,可达最高去除率(60.02%)。微生物对镉-酚废水的处理表明,当废水中镉离子浓度为4 mg/L时,最高去除率为58.44%,苯酚的去除率一直保持在30%左右。     

深圳市电镀废水微生物处理初步研究

利用一株絮凝效果好的胶质芽胞杆菌所产的微生物絮凝剂进行了深圳市较具代表性电镀废水絮凝性实验。结果表明,微生物絮凝剂有较强的吸附作用,能降低电镀废水中重金属离子的浓度,对废水pH值有一定的调节作用。实验确定了处理综合电镀废水中重金属的条件,初步提出电镀废水的处理和回用工艺。     

水产养殖用芽孢杆菌制剂的检测

通过平板菌落计数法检测编号为GD1、GD2、GD3、GD4、GD5、JS、JX、SD1和SD2等9种水产养殖用芽孢杆菌制剂的有效活菌数,结合形态、生理生化和16S rRNA基因序列分析对各制剂中分离的产芽孢细菌代表菌株进行鉴定。结果显示:除GD1、GD2和GD5制剂未标明芽孢数量外,其余制剂检测到的芽孢数量均低于或远低于标注数量;经鉴定,各制剂中最优势类型,GD2、GD3、GD5、SD1和SD2制剂为地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis),GD4、JS和JX制剂为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B.amyloliquefaciens),GD1制剂为枯草芽孢杆菌(B.subtilis)。除GD4、GD5和SD1制剂未标明具体菌种以及GD2的标注菌种与检测结果不一致外,其他制剂的标注菌种与被鉴定的优势类型芽孢杆菌基本一致。     

地衣芽孢杆菌在异育银鲫日粮中的应用

在异育银鲫基础日粮中分别添加质量分数0.01%、0.02%、0.03%、0.04%的地衣芽孢杆菌,测定了鱼体的生长及食糜植酸酶活性等。结果表明:与对照组相比,添加量0.01%、0.02%、0.03%组的增重率分别显著提高了12.46%、18.59%、18.84%;添加量0.02%、0.03%组的磷表观消化率分别提高37.63%、35.03%(P<0.05);饵料系数降低了0.52、0.57(P<0.05),其他组差异不显著。与对照组相比,0.03%组食糜植酸酶活性提高50.79%、0.04%组肝体比降低20.91%(P<0.05),其他组差异不显著。因此在异育银鲫日粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌提高了机体酶活性,促进了鱼体生长。     

水体中芽孢杆菌和微囊藻的生长及其资源竞争

以C、N、P为主要限制性因子研究了芽孢杆菌和微囊藻在水中的生长率 ,并据Monod方程了解种群增长率与营养浓度之间的关系 ,以判断藻菌资源竞争的结果。研究结果显示 ,氮浓度的升高或磷浓度的降低 ,即N/P比值的升高 ,有利于芽孢杆菌的生长 ;而当氮浓度一定时 ,C/N比值越高 ,芽孢杆菌生长得越好。而微囊藻作为一种自养的光合植物 ,其生长与水中的C源无关 ,与氮磷浓度有关。氮磷浓度越高则生长越好。在此研究结果基础上进行藻菌生长动态的比较表明 ,在氮限制条件下 ,微囊藻的生长率稍高于芽孢杆菌 ;在磷限制条件下 ,芽孢杆菌的生长率总是大大高于微囊藻的生长率     

Characterization of a bacteriocin-like substance produced from a novel isolated strain of Bacillus subtilis SLYY-3

In the present research, the strain SLYY-3 was isolated from sediments of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China. The strain SLYY-3, which produced a bacteriocin-like substance(BLS), was characterized to be a strain of Bacillus subtillis by biochemical profiling and 16 S r DNA sequence analysis. It is the first time to report that Bacillus subtilis from Jiaozhou Bay sediments could produce a BLS. The BLS of B. subtillis SLYY-3 exhibited strong inhibitory activity against gram-positive bacteria(including Staphylococcus aureus and B. subtillis) and some fungi(including Penicillium glaucum, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus). The antimicrobial activity was detected from culture in the exponential growth phase and reached its maximum when culture entered into stationary growth phase. It was thermo-tolerant even when being kept at 100℃ for 60 min without losing any activity and stable over a wide p H range from 1.0 to 12.0 while being inactivated by proteolytic enzyme and trypsin, indicating the proteinaceous nature of the BLS. The BLS was purified by precipitation with hydrochloric acid(HCl) and gel filteration(Sephadex G-100). SDS-PAGE analysis of the extracellular peptides of SLYY-3 revealed a bacteriocin-like protein with a molecular mass of 66 k Da. Altogether, these characteristics indicate the potential of the BLS for food industry as a protection against pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms.     

Effect of Bacillus baekryungensis YD13 supplemented in diets on growth performance and immune response of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus)

The effect of a potential probiotic on the growth performance and immune response of sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus) was investigated. Bacillus baekryungensis YD13 isolated from sea cucumber culturing ponds was added to sea cucumber basal feed as a probiotic in different doses(0, the control; 1×104(YD134), 1×106(YD136) and 1×108(YD138) CFU g-1 of diet), and administered orally to A. japonicus(initial mean wet weight 5.44 g ± 0.17 g). The sea cucumbers were fed in 20 aquaria, 5 each treatment, for 60 d. At the end of growth trial, 20 sea cucumbers from each treatment were challenged with Vibrio splendidus. A. japonicus in YD134 and YD136 exhibited significantly better growth performance than control(P 0.05). Five non-specific immune parameters including lysozyme, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase and catalase in coelomic fluid were measured to evaluate the immune response of A. japonicus to the probiotics. Results showed that all parameters were significantly improved when YD11 was supplemented in the dose of 1×106 CFU g-1(P 0.05). The cumulative incidence and mortality after the Vibrio splendidus challenge decreased significantly in sea cucumbers of YD136. Accordingly, 1×106 CFU g-1 of YD13 in diet was recommended for the growth promotion and immune enhancement of A. japonicus.     

抑制黄曲霉毒素的深海环状芽胞杆菌发酵条件优化

环状芽胞杆菌(Bacillus circulans)菌株FA13在M2培养基中的发酵无细胞上清液对寄生曲霉(Aspergillus parasiticus)突变菌株NFRI-95菌丝生长和黄曲霉毒素的产生表现出明显的抑制作用。为了最大限度地提高活性物质的产量,本研究对从南大西洋深海沉积物中分离到的环状芽胞杆菌菌株FA13的发酵条件进行了均匀设计发酵优化。优化后,菌株FA13的发酵液10倍稀释液对寄生曲霉突变菌株NFRI-95的菌丝生长抑制率从10.98%提高到70.57%,黄曲霉毒素产生抑制率从41.43%提高到100.00%;对应的发酵条件为发酵温度38.70 ℃,接种量6.00%,海水体积占比0.00%,培养基pH 8.71,培养时间6 d。     

Biosorption of Procion Red MX 5B by Bacillus subtilis and Its Extracellular Polysaccharide: Effect of Immobilization

Bacillus subtilis and its extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) were used in free form as well as immobilized form as biosorbent for the removal of an anionic dye Procion Red MX 5B. Low pH was favourable for biosorption. Immobilization resulted in reduced biosorption of the dye. The presence of functional groups responsible for the high adsorption capacity in free cells (FC) and EPS was confirmed by FTIR analysis. High Q_max and b values were noted in the case of FC and free EPS in contrast to immobilized cells and EPS. The kinetics data showed that the adsorption system followed pseudo‐first‐order reaction at low dye concentration. Desorption of the dye was found to be 100% in 1 N NaOH. In the case of immobilized biomass and EPS the alginate was found to be unstable under high alkaline conditions of NaOH.     

坚强芽孢杆菌(Bacillus firmus)16S—23S rDNA 间区的克隆及多态性分析

采用16S和23SrDNA保守区设计的引物对两株坚强芽孢杆菌(Bacillus firmus)16S—23SrDNA间区(Intergenic spacer region,ISR)进行了PCR扩增,并克隆到pMD18-T载体上进行测序;利用生物信息学进行了16S—23SrDNA间区序列及其内所含tRNA基因的分析。2株坚强芽孢杆菌共得到11条16S—23SrDNA间区特征区带(包括300、400、500和600bp等)序列,ISR类型包括ISR0、ISRG、ISRIA和ISRGLV四种,其中ISR0、ISRG和ISRIA可能在坚强芽孢杆菌中普遍存在。相同类型的ISR序列具有较高的相似性(达52.2%—100.0%),而不同类型的ISR序列间差异较大。此外,ISR序列在靠近16S和23S区域存在不同长度的保守区域,可能成为针对坚强芽孢杆菌特异性检测的引物和探针的靶区,这也为坚强芽孢杆菌新的检测方法的建立奠定了基础。坚强芽孢杆菌的16S—23SrDNA间区序列及其多态性分析均为首次报道。