A SIMPLE PROGNOSTIC CLOSURE ASSUMPTION TO DEEP CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION:I

In this work,the problem of dependency of the predicted rainfall upon the grid-size in mesoscale numerical weatherprediction models is addressed.We argue that this problem is due to (i) the violation of the quasi-equilibrium assump-tion,which is underlying most existing convective parameterization schemes,and states that the convective activity maybe considered in instantaneous equilibrium with the larger-scale forcing;and (ii) the violation of the hydrostatic approx-imation,made in most mesoscale models,which would induce too large-scale circulation in occurrence of strong con-vection.On the contrary,meso-β and meso-α scale models,i.e.models with horizontal grid size ranging from 10 to 100km,have a capacity to resolve motions with characteristic scales close to the ones of the convective motions.Wehypothesize that a possible way to eliminate this problem is (i) to take a prognostic approach to the parameterization ofdeep convection,whereby the quantities that describe the activity of convection are no longer diagnosed from the instan-taneous value of the large-scale forcing,but predicted by time-dependent equations,that integrate the large-scale forc-ing over time;(ii)to introduce a mesoscale parameter which varies systematically with the grid size of the numericalmodel in order to damp large-scale circulation usually too induced when the grid size becomes smaller (from 100 km to10 kin).We propose an implementation of this idea in the frame of one existing scheme,already tested and used for along time at the French Weather Service.The results of the test through one-dimensional experiments with the Phase Ⅲof GATE data are reported in this paper;and the ones on its implementation in the three-dimensional model with theOSCAR data will be reported in a companion paper.     

裂隙各向异性介质横波双折射特性研究

借助于有限元方法,对裂隙各向异性介质一雏四分量弹性波场中横波双折射的有关问题进行了研究。它们是裂隙方位与相速度,双折射与震源主频,双折射与裂隙丰度,双折射与能量分配,双折射与延迟时,双折射及其振幅谱等。这些问题对深入认识横波双折射特性,对理论和实际工作都有一定帮助。     

A SIMPLE PROGNOSTIC CLOSURE ASSUMPTION TO DEEP CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION:Ⅱ

A series of 3D predictions,dealing with the development of a heavy storm observed during the OSCAR experiment,were carried out by utilizing the PERIDOT model,and introducing alternatively the cumulus parameterization scheme of Bougeault (1985) and the prognostic one (Chen,1989;Chen and Bougeault,1993),with three different grid sizes:160 km,80 km,40 km.The feasibility of the new prognostic scheme and its improvement on the problem of dependency of the predicted rainfall upon the grid size of the numerical model were verified by comparison of the rainfall observed and those predicted.The results demonstrate that,in general,the predicted rainfall increases when the grid size decreases for both diagnostic and prognostic schemes.However,with the new prognostic scheme,the numerical model is capable,on the one hand,for the larger grid sizes,to increase the rainfall,which is under-estimated with the scheme of Bougeault (1985);on the another hand,for the smaller grid sizes,to reduce the rainfall,which is usually over-estimated.In other word,there is an obvious improvement on the problem under study.     

NOAA AVHRR 1B数据的几何精纠正

文文在对ＮＯＡＡ－ＡＶＨＲＲ像元畸变特点分析和ＩＢ格式中的定位数据质量评价基础上，确定ＩＢ格式中的定位数据。尽管绝对精度很差，但相对精度较好，可以用来进行像元的相对定位，确定像元的大小和形状，在此基础上，提出了ＮＯＡＡ－ＡＶＨＲＲ像元畸变校正方法。校正后的图像经多项式纠正后，多时相复合和与辅助数据相复合的效果很好，误差为半个像元级。     

东北冷涡的时空分布特征及其与东亚大型环流系统之间的关系

文章用３５年（１９５６－１９９０）资料，对东北冷涡的时空分布特征，及其与东亚大型环流系统之间的关系做了研究，发现东北冷涡的出现不仅在时间上有相对的集中期，在地理分布上有着明显的密集性，并且东亚地区阻塞高压的异常发展及位置变化、西太平洋副高的强度及位置变化等对东北冷涡的形成和发展均具有至关重要的影响。      

辉石中(2n 1)×0.45um宽度堆垛的结构观察与模型推导

在斜顽辉石加温产物中观察到1．35和2．25um宽度堆垛，前者属单斜晶系。这些（2n＋1）×0．45um宽度堆垛可以由辉石的Si－O链错排引起。按单斜辉石或斜方辉石的Si（A）、Si（B）链结构数据所计算的1．35um堆垛，多属单斜晶系，晶胞参数范围是a＝1．357～1．420，b＝0．886，c＝0．516nm，β＝96．1°～108．3°；当斜方辉石的Si－O链作Si（A）Si（B）St（B′）排列时，1．35um堆垛应为斜方晶系。计算的2．25um堆垛的晶胞参数是a＝2．255，b＝0．886，c＝0．516nm，β＝73．8°。     

DCS－偶氮胂光度法测定钛酸锶烧结物中游离的氧化锶

ＤＣＳ－偶氮胂光度法测定钛酸锶烧结物中游离的氧化锶胡浩，周宏实江苏海安磷肥厂２２６６００ＤＣＳ－偶氮肿［２－（２－胂酸基苯偶氮）－７－（２，６－二氯－４－磺酸基苯偶氮）－１，８－二羟基－３，６－二磺酸萘］属双偶氮变色酸类显色剂，主要用于稀土元素的高灵...     

510—1铀矿床构造、地球化学特征及其成因探讨

本文根据510—1铀矿床形成的构造条件和地球化学特征,认为该富铀矿床的成因是地洼阶段壳幔混合型深源热液上升侵位,与贡巴—益哇逆冲推覆构造上盘中、下志留统羊肠沟组硅灰岩含水含矿层屏蔽构造相结合的结果。并指出古今统一的四维空间屏蔽构造是找矿的方向。     

One to One Resonance at High Inclination

We report results from long term numerical integrations and analytical studies of particular orbits in the circular restricted three-body problem. These are mostly high-inclination trajectories in 1 : 1 resonance starting at or near the triangular Lagrangian L₅ point. In some intervals of inclination these orbits have short Lyapunov times, from 100 to a few hundred periods, yet the osculating semi-major axis shows only relatively small fluctuations and there are no escapes from the 1 : 1 resonance. The eccentricity of these chaotic orbits varies in an erratic manner, some of the orbits becoming temporarily almost rectilinear. Similarly the inclination experiences large variations due to the conservation of the Jacobi constant. We studied such orbits for up to 10⁹ periods in two cases and for 10⁶ periods in all others, for inclinations varying from 0° to 180°. Thus our integrations extend from thousands to 10 million Lyapunov times without escapes of the massless particle. Since there are no zero-velocity curves restricting the motion this opens questions concerning the reason for the persistence of the 1 : 1 resonant motion. In the theory sections we consider the mechanism responsible for the observed behavior. We derive the averaged 1 : 1 resonance disturbing function, to second order in eccentricity, to calculate a critical inclination found in the numerical experiment, and examine motion close to this inclination. The cause of the chaos observed in the numerical experiments appears to be the emergence of saddle points in the averaged disturbing potential. We determine the location of several such saddle points in the (, ) plane, with being the mean longitude difference and the argument of pericentre. Some of the saddle points are illustrated with the aid of contour plots of the disturbing function. Motion close to these saddles is sensitive to initial conditions, thus causing chaos.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Minimum 1D Velocity Model from Local Earthquake Data in the Provence Region,South-Eastern France

We computed a one-dimensional (1D) velocity model and station corrections refering to the Provence region (South-eastern France) by inverting P-wave arrival times recorded on an eight-station local seismic network. Using this velocity model and the program HYPOELLIPSE (Lahr, 1989), we relocated a set of 108 local events. The quality comparison between previous earthquake locations and new relocated shows a good improvement.The obtained Minimum 1D velocity model1.gif" alt="rdquo" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"> can be used in a better-quality routine for earthquake location and represent a first step towards more detailed seismic studies in the Provence region.