Second-Order Solutions for Random lnterfacial Waves Under Steady Uniform Currents

In the present research, the study of Song (2004) for random interracial waves in two-layer fluid is extended to the case of fluids moving at different steady uniform speeds. The equations describing the random displacements of the density interface and the associated velocity potentials in two-layer fluid are solved to the second order, and the wave-wave interactions of the wave components and the interactions between the waves and currents are described. As expected, the extended solutions include those obtained by Song (2004) as one special case where the steady uniform currents of the two fluids are taken as zero, and the solutions reduce to those derived by Sharma and Dean (1979) for random surface waves if the density of the upper fluid and the current of the lower fluid are both taken as zero.     

任意截面大尺度垂直柱体的波浪力和水动作用力

许多海洋工程结构物和水工结构物,如海上贮油罐、各种支墩等,具有等截面柱状体外形,或在足够精确的工程近似意义上可视为这类柱体。它们的下端固置于水底,上端穿透水面,它们的波浪载荷是设计中的一个重要考虑因素;在许多场合,它们与周围流体的耦联振动也是相当重要的。对大尺度结构物而言,我们可在势流理论的范围内求解这一问题。通用的三维源汇分布法无疑是适用的,但对这类特殊的结构形式显得极不经济。     

非常俗、非常美——周戈庄祭海节

中国的祭海活动由来已久,在我国沿海地区、东亚和东南亚华人华裔社区十分普遍。除祭海龙王、妈祖娘娘之外,还有不少地区祭祀盐神和一些著名的涉海人物如大禹、秦始皇等。还有的涉海民众祭船、祭渔网、祭船桨……这些名目繁多的祭祀活动,折射出了古老的海洋神灵观的传承与延续,构成了海洋信仰文化的一道奇特的风景线。从南到北的沿海地区民众,用各自相似又不尽相同的方式祭海,以表示当地人的那份祈祝之心。这里展现的是山东半岛各地规模较大、较隆重的几个“祭海节”。     

Elemental geochemical records of seafloor hydrothermal activities in the sediments from the Okinawa Trough

The major and minor element contents in the sediment core H9 from the hydrothermal fields of the Okinawa Trough show a sharp change at the depth of 80 cm. The elements enriched in the upper 80 cm core are those enriched in the hydrothermal deposits and in the surface sediments recovered from the hydrothermal fields in the trough, which indicates the input of hydrothermal materials. Comparing with other hydrothermal sediments from Mid-ocean Ridges or the Lau Basin, the degree of the enrichment of elements iron, copper,cobalt, and nickel is relatively low. However, the enrichment of elements manganese, lead, arsenic, antimony and mercury is remarkable. The average contents of these elements in the upper 80 cm core sediments are three to six times those in the lower section, and 3~12 times those in the surface sediments which are not influenced by hydrothermal activities. Hydrothermal activities have contributed significant manganese, lead, arsenic, antimony and mercury to the sediments, and these elements are distinct indicators for the hydrothermal activity in the Okinawa Trough. The significant enrichment of these elements in Core H9 upward from the depth 80 cm indicates the start or the significant enhancing of the hydrothermal activity in this area at about 5 740 aB.P. The average accumulation rate of manganese during this period is about 40 461 μg/(cm2·ka), which is similar to the hydrothermal sediments in the Lau Basin or the East Pacific Rise.     

陆坡非旋转重力羽状流的数值模拟

借助MITgcm模式使用二维非静力近似在水平方向采用不等间距网格,模拟了陆坡非旋转重力羽状流的流动。模拟显示陆坡上的重力羽状流的运动比较复杂。通过数值实验,发现改变地形或调整冷源强度都会影响沿陆坡下沉的低温高密度水的羽状流形态,潮汐亦会对重力羽状流有一定的影响。经计算发现在陆坡处,Richardson数小于1/4,宜发生Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性,并由卷挟导致环境流体与高密度流体混合,沿着斜坡加速下滑。     

近期黄河入海水量减少成因分析

利用黄河入海控制站利津的实测水文资料及黄河流域的降水和人类活动影响的相关资料等,分析了近期黄河入海水量变化的特征及变化的原因。结果表明,1986年以来黄河入海水量大幅减少,断流现象突出等,与其以前相比,入海水量减少64%;在减少的水量中,“准自然因素影响”约占55%,引黄用水约占31.5%,其它人类活动影响约占13.5%。     

南沙群岛海区珊瑚礁灾害性地质分析

珊瑚礁是一种特殊的岩土介质，有独特的灾害地质类型。珊瑚礁灾害地质研究是现代工程地质学的一个新课题。通过珊瑚礁的地质记录研究了内动力灾害地质类型（包括活动断裂、地震和火山活动等）、外动力灾害地质类型（包括海底槽谷与地形突变带、崩塌、滑坡、峰礁与埋藏礁、泥丘、埋藏负地貌等），同时还分析了人类活动对珊瑚礁发育的影响。