莺歌海盆地形成与演化的动力学机制

莺歌海盆地位于印支半岛与南海北部大陆边缘交接区,复杂的地质构造背景使其形成演化的动力学机制成为国内外的研究焦点。从区域动力学演化的角度,系统分析了影响莺歌海盆地发育的印支地块构造演化特征,认为莺歌海盆地构造演化主要受印支半岛早期的逃逸挤出构造和晚期的挤压-伸展构造系统影响(或控制),在此动力学驱动机制下,莺歌海盆地新生代以来的构造演化经历了3个阶段,即左旋走滑-伸展裂陷阶段、中下地壳韧性伸展-热沉降阶段和加速沉降阶段。     

Modeling of the eddy viscosity by breaking waves

Breaking wave induced nearsurface turbulence has important consequences for many physical and biochemical processes including water column and nutrients mixing,heat and gases exchange across air-sea interface.The energy loss from wave breaking and the bubble plume penetration depth are estimated.As a consequence,the vertical distribution of the turbulent kinetic energy(TKE),the TKE dissipation rate and the eddy viscosity induced by wave breaking are also provided.It is indicated that model results are found to be consistent with the observational evidence that most TKE generated by wave breaking is lost within a depth of a few meters near the sea surface.High turbulence level with intensities of eddy viscosity induced by breaking is nearly four orders larger than υwl(=κuwz),the value predicted for the wall layer scaling close to the surface,where uw is the friction velocity in water,κ with 0.4 is the von Kármán constant,and z is the water depth,and the strength of the eddy viscosity depends both on wind speed and sea state,and decays rapidly through the depth.This leads to the conclusion that the breaking wave induced vertical mixing is mainly limited to the near surface layer,well above the classical values expected from the similarity theory.Deeper down,however,the effects of wave breaking on the vertical mixing become less important.     

中国海洋生物地球化学过程研究的最新进展

海洋是全球生态系统的重要组成部分,在地球系统中,其与大气、陆地紧密联系在一起,在调节全球气候等方面发挥着举足轻重的作用。全球变化引起的海洋变化十分明显,现在已经能够观测到海洋的大尺度物理、化学和生物特征的变化,其中海洋食物链结构、海岸带富营养化和珊瑚礁退化最为     

深水油气田井场调查技术研究

随着近海油气不断开发，其后续发展能力明显不足，因此深水含油气盆地的开发将成为必然的发展趋势。深水油气田的井场调查是深水油气田开发过程中的一个主要环节，其勘探技术越来越被人们所关注。本文通过深水井场调查的技术要求分析，结合多次组织和参加近海井场调查的工作经验，指出深水油气田井场调查的技术难点在于用于探索海底表面障碍物分布情况、勘测海底地形地貌特征、了解中浅地层结构等这类勘探技术上。由于这些勘探技术受声纳技术特点的限制，国外已经采用了DEEFTOW、ROV或者AUV技术，将一些关键调查设备与海底保持一定的高度来实现勘探技术目标，并已经取得成功的尝试，因此，研究、发展和不断地完善这类贴近海底多参量勘查技术十分重要。     

探索墨西哥湾深水沉积的超高压和流体流动过程与机理--IODP308航次钻探成果

墨西哥湾深水区发育有典型的浊流沉积，长期以来就以独特的被动边缘浊积类型闻名于世。由密西西比河带来的大量碎屑物在河口外形成巨厚泥砂层，快速沉积造成上陆坡特别不稳定，所以塌坡或崩塌事件经常发生，引起迭繁的浊流活动。松散的浅水碎屑物往往随浊流被搬运到陆坡或更深的深水区，造成大规模的再沉积。塌坡事件及其引发的浊流活动存在较大的随机性及其对沉积物造成的分选性，直接控制了墨西哥湾深水区沉积物中的流体流动以至油气生成，使其成为目前世界上富含油气的三大海区之一。但沉积砂层所伴生的超高压常常造成“井喷”，使油气探采难度加大，成本增高，连年来使有关石油公司损失惨重，也给科学界提出了急需解决的科学问题。为什么墨西哥湾深水区超高压现象这么普通？超高压区的流体流动规律有什么特征？它受什么机理控制？浊流沉积跟气候变化有联系吗？是否受冰期／间冰期旋回的影响？     

大型桥梁钢沉井下沉过程局部冲刷研究

钢沉井下沉过程中局部冲刷的研究是同类桥墩设计和施工十分关心的重要课题,它对保证钢沉井安全有效施工、桥梁设计中施工期桥墩最大冲深、失稳和安全计算有重要参考价值。通过室内试验研究了钢沉井下沉过程中的局部冲刷机理和冲刷形态,探讨了桥墩下部钢沉井基础施工的相对高程对局部冲刷的变化规律,并将试验研究所获得的局部冲刷规律和影响因素,采用墩型系数方法引入局部冲刷计算中,给出了计算公式。研究成果补充了国家行业规范内容,对同类工程的设计、施工具有借鉴和指导意义。     

动物发育过程中参与Wnt信号传导的因子及调节的研究进展

自从1973年Wnt基因被发现以来 ,通过对线虫、果蝇、两栖类、哺乳动物以及人类Wnt家族基因、蛋白及其生物学功能的研究 ,表明Wnt家族基因产物与其它相关基因的蛋白组成了一条复杂的信号传导途径。该途径在胚胎发育、细胞分化以及组织器官形态发生中起着重要的作用。Wnt[1]基因起名来源于小鼠中的Int-1(Wnt-1的最初命名 )以及果蝇中的wingless(wg)。随着研究的进展 ,越来越多的Wnt同源基因从线虫到脊椎动物被发现。Wnt家族编码糖蛋白 ,通常大约350～400个氨基酸 ,其中有100个保守的氨基酸均匀分布于序列中 ,有些Wnt蛋白中的N末端、C末端…     

Probabilistic Models for the Probability of Wave Breaking and Whitecap Coverage Based on Kinematic Breaking Criterion

More and more researches show that neither the critical downward acceleration nor the critical slope of water waves is a universal constant. On the contrary, they vary with particular wave conditions. This fact moders the models either for the probability of wave breaking B or for the whitecap coverage W based on these criteria difficult to apply. In this paper and the one which follows we seek to develop models for the prediction of both B and W based on the kinematical criterion. First, several joint probabihstic distribution functions (PDFs) of wave characteristics are derived, based on which the breaking properties B and W are estimated. The estimation is made on the assumption that a wave breaks ff the horizontal velocity of water particles at its crest exceeds the local wave celerity, and whitecapping occurs in regions of fluid where water particles travel faster than the waves. The consequent B and W depend on wave spectral moments of orders 0 to 4.Then the JONSWAP spectrum is used to represent the fetch-limited sea waves in deep water, so as to relate the probahility of wave breaking and the whitecap coverage with wind parameters. To this end, the time-averaging technique proposed by Glazman (1986) is applied to the estimation of the spectral moments involved, and furthermore, the theoretical models are compared with available observations collected from published literature. From the comparison, the averaging time scale is determined. The final models show that the probability of wave breaking as well as the whitecap coverage depends on the dimensionless fetch. The agreement between these models and the database is reasonable.     

Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics of Submarine Free Spanning Pipelines by Complex Damping Method

Considering the effect of the internal flowing fluid and the external marine environmental condition, the differential equation for the vortex-induced vibration (V1V) of the free spanning pipeline is derived and is discretized by the Hermit interpolation function. The free vibration equation with the damping term is solved by the complex damping method for the natural frequency, and then the effect of fluid damping on the natural frequency of the free spanning pipeline is analyzed.The results show that fluid damping has a significant influence on the damped natural frequency of the free spanning pipeline in the lock-in state, while it has little influence when the pipeline is out of the lock-in state. In the meantime,the change of the free span length has the same effect on the damped natural frequency and the undamped natural frequency.