西藏尼玛盆地油页岩的发现及其地质意义

<正>青藏高原在长期复杂的演化过程中发育了一系列时代与类型不同的含油气盆地,但由于古生代以来冈瓦纳大陆裂解和特提斯洋的开启-闭合-造山作用的影响,特别是新生代以来印度-欧亚板块强烈碰撞造山和高原隆升作用的影响,含油气盆地受到了不同程度的改造,加之恶劣的自然环境,青藏高原成为中国目前油气地质研究和勘探程度最低的地区。     

黄土高原地区气象干旱动态格局演变及其对植被的影响

本文以黄土高原为研究区域,通过识别气象干旱的三维连续时空体,剖析了1982—2018年夏秋季节气象干旱(SPEI)事件发生发展过程与区域植被覆盖(NDVI)之间的响应关系。结果表明：(1)基于空间聚类识别的黄土高原三维气象干旱事件与历史真实干旱事件的发展演变过程基本吻合;(2)从时间和空间维度综合来看,黄土高原气象干旱发生区域NDVI往往会比同区域非干旱时期减少,且NDVI减少程度与气象干旱强度显著相关(R²=0.438 9,P<0.05);(3)从黄土高原不同土地利用类型(耕地、草地和林地)对干旱事件响应关系来看,草地最易受干旱胁迫且对干旱强度的变化最敏感,抗旱性最差;而耕地在干旱强度较大的干旱事件中更易受到影响。本研究对科学合理地理解区域干旱的动态格局演变及阐明其对植被生态系统的影响机制均具有重要参考意义。     

耕地复种指数遥感监测研究进展

复种指数是进行粮食估产、耕地集约利用评价、农业生态系统模拟等的关键参数,及时、准确地提取复种指数对于粮食安全、土地管理和生态环境安全具有重要意义。在传统的研究中,复种指数主要来源于地面统计数据。使用统计数据来计算复种指数虽然过程简单,但是计算结果存在信息滞后、无法体现统计单元内部的空间异质性、精度低等不足。遥感技术因具有大范围、高时效、低成本等优点而被用于耕地复种指数监测,已有学者对耕地复种指数的遥感监测开展了大量工作。本文以复种指数遥感提取的关键环节为主线,对1997—2020年国内外相关研究进行综述：首先,梳理了已有研究中的监测方法、高质量时间序列遥感数据获取方法及提取结果精度验证方法,并对不同方法的优缺点进行了总结;其次,对已有研究中存在的不足进行了探讨,并提出未来研究的侧重点：① 开展已有监测方法的对比和分析;② 加强地形复杂地区、小农尺度的监测力度;③ 提高遥感数据时空分辨率及处理效率;④ 对提取结果进行多尺度验证。     

农作物遥感估产的方法综述

概述了遥感在农作物长势预测、种植面积测算和产量估算方面的原理、技术路线、研究进展,并分析了遥感估产在现实利用上存在的问题。     

遥感图像信息容量与植被指数的耦合关系研究

遥感信息容量能表征地表复杂度,为深入探究信息容量与植被之间关系,研究对植被盖度、NDVI、RVI等5种植被指数的均值、均方差与信息容量做了多种回归分析。结果表明:植被覆盖度均值、植被指数均方差与信息容量有明显相关性,其中植被盖度均方差与信息容量相关性最大,确定系数R~2为0.851 8;相关系数最大R~2为0.8642,说明遥感信息容量与植被指数、植被盖度之间有明显的相关性,证明了信息容量能有效地表征地表覆盖的变化。     

1972～2011年期间艾比湖面积变化研究

以8期Landset TM/ETM+遥感影像为数据源,利用归一化水指数,用地理信息系统相关软件,提取新疆艾比湖水域面积;利用湖泊面积动态模型和质心偏移模型,研究艾比湖的动态变化。结果表明,8个时期艾比湖面积在不断萎缩,湖泊总面积从1972年的583.14 km2减少到2011年的468.11 km2,缩小了19.73%;湖泊质心向东南方向偏移了1.23 km,表明艾比湖在退化。     

Response to climate change of different tree species and NDVI variation since 1923 in the middle arid region of Ningxia, China

The normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） is used extensively to describe vegetation cover and ecological environ- ment change. The purpose of this study was to contrast the response of different tree species growing in the same habitat to climate change and retrieve past NDVI using tree-ring width data from tree cores collected from the transitional zone of Pinus tabulaeformis and Picea crassifolia in the Luoshan Mountains in the middle arid region of Ningxia. Correlation analysis indi- cated that radial growth ofP tabulaeJbrmis is more sensitive to precipitation and temperature change than that ofP crassifolia. Natural factors such as water availability and heat at this elevation are more suited to the growth ofP crassifolia, and are more advantageous to its renewal and succession. P. crassifolia is probably the better of the two species for protecting the forest ecosystem and conserving water in the Luoshan desertification area. Ring width of P. crassifolia correlates significantly with average NDVI for April-May （r =0.641, p 〈0.01）, and both of them are influenced positively by precipitation in April-May. The reconstructed NDVI for 1923-2007 shows the relatively low vegetation cover occurred in the 1920s-1930s, the 1960s-1970s, and the early 21 st century. The reconstructed NDVI better reflected the drought climate in the study area.     

南京南郊大气湍流统计特征的实验研究

利用2011年8月南京南郊溧水大气边界层加强实验站的大气湍流观测资料,分析了城市郊区自然状态下垫面大气湍流宏观统计规律,以及湍流动量、热量、水汽和CO2的湍流输送特征。结果表明:不稳定层结下,3方向风速归一化标准差σu/u*,σv/u*,σw/u*,随稳定度参数ζ呈1/3幂次关系;稳定层结下也呈现类似规律;近中性条件下,分别趋近于常数。不稳定层结下,温度、比湿、CO2质量浓度归一化标准差σT/|T*|,σq/|q*|,σρCO2/|ρCO2*|,随ζ呈1/3幂次负相关关系,但结果相对离散,并且相对离散的数据对应着较小的|T*|、|q*|、|ρCO2*|值;稳定层结下,三者ζ之间的关系没有明显变化规律。实验期间相对于感热通量,潜热通量在热量平衡中所占比例较大;CO2通量平均值为负,整体表现为碳汇。水汽、热量和CO2均存在水平输送。     

Characterizing landscape spatial heterogeneity in multisensor images with variogram models

Most evaluation of the consistency of multisensor images have focused on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） products for natural landscapes, often neglecting less vegetated urban landscapes. This gap has been filled through quantifying and evaluating spatial heterogeneity of urban and natural landscapes from QuickBird, Satellite pour l＇observation de la Terre （SPOT）, Ad- vanced Spacebome Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer （ASTER） and Landsat Thematic Mapper （TM） images with variogram analysis. Instead of a logarithmic relationship with pixel size observed in the corresponding aggregated images, the spatial variability decayed and the spatial structures decomposed more slowly and complexly with spatial resolution for real multisensor im- ages. As the spatial resolution increased, the proportion of spatial variability of the smaller spatial structure decreased quickly and only a larger spatial structure was observed at very coarse scales. Compared with visible band, greater spatial variability was observed in near infrared band for both densely and less densely vegetated landscapes. The influence of image size on spatial heterogeneity was highly dependent on whether the empirical sernivariogram reached its sill within the original image size. When the empirical semivariogram did not reach its sill at the original observation scale, spatial variability and mean characteristic length scale would increase with image size; otherwise they might decrease. This study could provide new insights into the knowledge of spatial heterogeneity in real multisen- sor images with consideration of their nominal spatial resolution, image size and spectral bands.     

大伙房库区近30年来植被覆盖变化分析

根据像元二分模型原理,利用1983年、2000年、2011年大伙房库区遥感影像数据提取植被覆盖遥感信息,结合植被指数计算植被覆盖度,分析比较大伙房库区不同时期植被覆盖的变化,研究大伙房库区这三个时期植被覆盖动态变化规律,为大伙房库区的生态建设和可持续发展提供决策支持。结果显示:1近30年以来,大伙房库区植被覆盖等级分布不均衡,高植被覆盖区过分集中在北部地带,西部则多为低植被覆盖区;2大伙房库区高植被覆盖面积在减少、低植被覆盖面积在增加;3大伙房库区植被覆盖总面积在下降,库区的生态环境已经遭到了破坏;4政策建议:加强监测与监管力度,合理开发利用矿产资源,积极响应国家"退耕还林、退耕还草"号召。