苏打盐碱土对氮转化的影响

以苏打盐碱土中的主要成分NaHCO₃作为主要影响因素,通过室内培养方法,研究不同苏打盐碱化条件对氮的吸附、矿化、硝化及反硝化作用的影响。结果表明,在不同NaHCO₃质量浓度影响下：NH⁺₄-N吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式;矿化模型符合一阶动力学方程,随着NaHCO₃质量浓度的增大,潜在矿化势(M₀)和矿化速率常数(k_m)分别由358.48 mg/kg和0.088 d^-1降低到337.08 mg/kg和0.059 d^-1;硝化作用符合“S”形曲线模型,随着NaHCO₃质量浓度的增大,最大速率（k_max）由22.56 mg/(kg·d)降低到16.68 mg/(kg·d);反硝化作用符合零阶动力学方程,但NaHCO₃与Na₂CO₃混合质量浓度变化对反硝化速率常数(k_d)影响不显著。随着NaHCO₃质量浓度的增大,苏打盐碱土中NH⁺₄-N吸附、有机氮矿化和硝化作用均受到抑制。     

天然气二次运移过程中输导层的吸附作用及其研究意义

在分析输导吸附原理的基础上,通过吸附实验建立天然气二次运移过程中吸附损失量的计算方法,并以松辽盆地北部阿拉新、二站气田为例,计算了其输导层的吸附损失量。结果表明,输导层对天然气的吸附量是相当可观的,因而对天然气藏的形成及规模有一定的影响。     

The research on the adsorption effect on metal ions by immobilized marine algae

1 IntroductionBiosorption is a processthatutilizes biomasstoabsorb heavy metalsand isparticularly usefulfortheremoval of contam inants from industrial effluents.Inartificialorganism scannotbe used in practicalpro-ductionbecauseoftheirlow density,low inten…     

新安江流域上游地区地下水化学特征及水文地球化学作用研究

新安江流域上游地区地下水水化学成分复杂,水与含水介质间发生的各种溶解、沉淀、吸附等水-岩相互作用在地下水复杂成分形成和演化过程中发挥重要功能。文章采用数理统计、主成分分析和聚类分析、Gibbs模型、硅酸平衡、主要离子比例系数等方法,研究了新安江流域上游地区地下水水化学特征和水文地球化学作用,分析了水化学组分来源。结果表明：研究区地下水阳离子以Ca²⁺、Na⁺为主,阴离子以HCO^-₃为主,还存在少量Cl^-、SO^2-₄,地下水主要水化学类型为HCO₃-Ca型、HCO₃-Na·Ca型、HCO₃-Ca·Mg型;地下水水化学组分主要来自碳酸盐矿物和硅酸盐矿物的风化溶解,其次来源于蒸发岩的风化溶解。地下水的溶滤作用、阳离子交替吸附作用以及人类生产生活等活动共同影响地下水水化学特征。     

Effects of Pb^2＋, Cd^2＋ and Cu^2＋ on the Aqueous Zn^2＋ Sorption by Hydroxyapatite

In this paper, the behaviors of aqueous zinc sorption by hydroxyapatite in the co-existence of Pb^2＋, Cd^2＋ and Cu^2＋ are investigated, the effects of Pb^2＋, Cd^2＋ and Cu^2＋ on the sorption of Zn^2＋ are discussed, and the hydroxyapatite sorption capabilities for Pb^2＋, Cd^2＋, Cu^2＋ and Zn^2＋ are compared. The experimental results show that the Zn^2＋ removal efficiency decreases gradually with the increase of the Cd^2＋ concentration of the solution, and there is no sorption preference between Cd^2＋ and Zn^2＋. On the other hand, the Zn^2＋ removal efficiency rapidly decreases rapidly with the increase of the Cu^2＋ concentration of the solution, and there is a clear sorption preference between Cu^2＋ and Zn^2＋. It is noticed that the Zn^2＋ removal efficiency is hardly changed with the variance of Pb^2＋ concentration because the removal mechanisms for these two ions are totally different. It is concluded that the adsorption affinities of the heavy metals for the hydroxyapatite follows this sequence： pb^2＋〉 Cu^2＋〉 Cd^2＋〉 Zn^2＋.     

考虑吸附与毛细作用的饱和冻土SFCC模型

土体冻结特征曲线（SFCC）是对冻土中未冻水含量随负温变化关系的数学描述,是研究冻土水热迁移、冻胀、本构关系等问题的重要基础。目前对于SFCC的研究,其经验表达式居多,而物理机制研究相对较少。通过考虑土颗粒与冰界面的吸附作用及冰相尖点的毛细作用,基于冰水相变平衡压力由吸附压力与毛细压力两部分共同组成,从孔隙尺度提出一个新的饱和冻土SFCC模型。模型计算结果表明,当颗粒半径逐渐增大时,相同温度下未冻水含量将不断减小,SFCC也会变得更加陡峭。基于核磁共振设备对单分散SiO2微球冻融过程SFCC进行测试,试验结果与数学模型进行比较验证,结果表明新的SFCC模型与试验结果吻合较好,且具有明确的物理意义,可以为冻土基础研究提供理论依据。     

Groundwater protection from cadmium contamination by permeable reactive barrier in Qian＇an of Jilin, China

This research studies the reliability of an activated carbon permeable reactive barrier in removing cadmium from a contaminated shallow aquifer. Laboratory tests have been performed to characterize the equilibrium and kinetic adsorption properties of the activated carbon in cadmium-containing aqueous solutions. A 2D numerical model has been used to describe pollutant transport within a groundwater and the pollutant adsorption on the permeable reactive barrier （PRB）. In particular, it has been considered the case of a PAB used to protect a lake or downstream from Cd （II） contaminated groundwater. Numerical results show that the PAB can achieve a long-term efficiency by preventing lake or downstream pollution for several months.     

Biosorption and desorption of Cd^2＋ from wastewater by dehydrated shreds of Cladophorafascicularis

The adsorption and desorption of algae Cladophora fascicularis and their relation with initial Cd^2＋ concentration, initial pH, and co-existing ions were studied. Adsorption equilibrium and biosorption kinetics were established from batch experiments. The adsorption equilibrium was adequately described by the Langmuir isotherm, and biosorption kinetics was in pseudo-second order model. The experiment on co-existing ions showed that the biosorption capacity of biomass decreased with an increasing concentration of competing ions. Desorption experiments indicated that EDTA was efficient desorbent for recovery from Cd^2＋. With high capacities of metal biosorption and desorption, the biomass of Cladophora fascicularis is promising as a cost-effective biosorbent for the removal of Cd^2＋ from wastewater.     

不同生长阶段氧化亚铁硫杆菌的Cu2+吸附研究

通过不同生长阶段的氧化亚铁硫杆菌对Cu2+的吸附实验研究,发现对数期和稳定期的氧化亚铁硫杆菌的Cu2+吸附容量存在一定差别,对数生长期比稳定期的氧化亚铁硫杆菌吸附量略高.同时,Cu2+的吸附量与溶液的pH值之间存在显著的负相关关系,说明在吸附过程中,Cu2+与氧化亚铁硫杆菌的表面存在的化学基团发生了质子交换反应.对数生长期的氧化亚铁硫杆菌和稳定期的氧化亚铁硫杆菌吸附过程均符合Freundlich吸附模型,表明氧化亚铁硫杆菌细胞的表面化学非均质性较强.不同生长阶段细菌的吸附性能差异可能与细胞表面的化学结构存在差异有关.     

泥沙颗粒表面铜离子吸附分布的模拟分析

泥沙颗粒的表面形貌与污染物质的吸附关系较少受到关注。采用场发射枪扫描电子显微镜进行泥沙颗粒表面形貌的研究与探测吸附作用后铜离子在泥沙颗粒表面的分布,模拟分析了铜离子的吸附分布规律。研究结果表明泥沙形貌对铜离子的吸附分布有重要影响,在泥沙颗粒表面的边脊和凹谷处吸附铜离子数量较多,在其它形貌特征处的铜离子吸附数量相对较少。曲率C_u反映了复杂形貌对于铜离子的吸附能力,当C_u=1.1时该区域吸附铜离子最多。