Improvements in navigation using SeaBeam crossing errors

Adjustments to satellite constrained navigation are required to match SeaBeam bathymetric data at track crossings due to errors in dead reckoning and inaccuracies in satellite fixes. By shifting one of the SeaBeam swaths involved in a track crossing relative to the other and calculating the sum of the squares of the differences in bathymetry within the area of overlapping coverage, we map a two-dimensional error surface whose minimum corresponds to the best estimate of the correction to navigation required at the crossing point. Estimates of the covariance of this correction are derived from the error surface. We employ the curve fitting technique of Tarantola and Valette (1982) to invert for a smooth correction function to a starting model of the position of the ship as a function of time. This technique incorporates formal errors assigned to dead reckoning, satellite fixes, and the shifts required to match bathymetric swaths at crossing points in a simultaneous inversion for the correction function for all tracks within the study area.In a test of the method in a study area on the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a data set involving two cruises, 30 days of SeaBeam data, and 753 track crossings, we found that crossing SeaBeam swaths can potentially resolve the relative position of the ship on the two tracks to within 30 to 70 m. The inversion procedure yielded a much better constrained navigation function and much improved match of bathymetry. The final model of the navigation fit crossing shifts about as well as satellite data (with respect to their assigned data errors) with the RMS value of the crossing shifts decreasing from 1200 m in the original satellite-constrained navigation to 200 m in the final solution. However, the potential resolution of position using SeaBeam swaths was not fully achieved in the solution because there are systematic bathymetric artifacts in SeaBeam data, multiple local minima in the error surfaces in highly lineated topography, inadequate dead reckoning data, occasional bad satellite fixes, and limitations on the short period corrections allowed in the model.     

东海西湖凹陷反转构造定量研究:来自裂变径迹分析数据的约束

对来自东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷反转构造带上的 5口钻井 (XL1,XL2 ,XH,XY,XT)的 17个样品 (11个磷灰石、6个锆石样品 )进行了系统的裂变径迹年龄测定。样品的地层年代介于渐新世和上新世之间。锆石裂变径迹年龄表明 ,各样品所经历的最大埋藏温度小于 (2 2 5± 2 5 )℃。磷灰石裂变径迹的年龄则比锆石的要复杂。南侧 XT和XY两口井的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄大于相应的地层年龄 ,而北侧的 3口井的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄则小于相应的地层年龄。磷灰石年龄的分布表明西湖凹陷南部第三系地层所经历的最大沉积埋深小于北部 ,反转程度南弱北强。对于裂变径迹年龄小于地层年龄的样品 ,对地层剥蚀量进行了初步的估算     

High resolution velocity analysis of ocean bottom seismometer data by theτ-p method

A method of high resolution seismic velocity analysis for ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) records is applied to the study of the shallow oceanic crust, especially sedimentary and basement layers. This method is based on the direct-p mapping and the-sum inversion. We use data obtained from a 1989 airgun-OBS experiment in the northern Yamato Basin, Japan Sea and derive P- and S-wave velocity functions that can be compared with the seismic reflection profiles. Using split-spread profile records, we obtain interface dips and true interval velocities from the OBS data. These results show good agreement with the reflection profile records, the acoustic velocities of core samples, and sonic log profiles. We also present a method for estimating errors in the derived velocity functions by calculating covariance of the derived layers' thicknesses. The estimated depth errors are about 150 m at shallow depths, which is close to the seismic wavelength used. The high resolution of this method relies on accurate determination of shot positions by GPS, spatially dense seismic observations, and the use of unsaturated reflected waves arriving after the direct water wave that are observed on low-gain component records.     

变速成图方法及应用研究

研究了地震速度和变速成图传统方法中影响成图精度的主要因素 ,指出了传统方法中造成误差较大、准确性较低的原因。从解决传统方法中存在的问题入手 ,提出了相应的速度场建立和变速成图方法 :通过提高叠加速度分辨率 ,利用模型层析法或模型反演法实现叠加速度到层速度的转换 ,建立空间速度场 ,速度校正和时深转换。实际资料应用表明 ,该方法提高了速度场建立和变速成图精度 ,解决了山前高陡构造以及低幅度构造地区的变速成图问题。     

珠江三角洲大气边界层温度与流场垂直分布特征

利用顺德地区1988年1月和7月大气边界层1500m内温度、风场资料,分析不同季节、不同稳定度的温度与风场廓线特征。研究表明,夏季温、风垂直增长率大、增值均匀;冬季近地层增长率特别大,向上趋平缓。逆温层在冬季的频率较高,而且在适当天气条件下出现的平流逆温持续时间亦相当长。温、风垂直分布较复杂,很难用直观的简易函数关系表示。因此,沿用各种经验公式时,必须注意在特定地区的实用性。     

直立椭圆柱体重力场的谱分析及其应用

利用傅里叶积分变换法导出了埋藏的直立椭圆柱体的重力场在频率域中的解析公式，依此得了确定此直立椭圆柱体尺寸的公式，提出依据这些重力公式来计算侵入大洋地壳中的地幔柱的尺寸和洋壳厚度的方法。     

海洋声学测温及声层析法

海洋声层析法作为检测海洋内部变化一有力手段，正面临着海洋声学大尺度观测新挑战。本文就海洋声传播的绝热近似；声传播时间的非线性偏移；声速剖面的线性及非线性反演等与声学大尺度观测相关的一些水声学问题的发展现状及存在问题等进行了综述性论述。文中还介绍了赫德岛预演实验等利用声层析法观测海洋内部变化的一些具体应用例     

用19.35 GHz星载微波辐射计(SSM/I)亮温反演海面风速

我们发展了一种用19．35GHz星载微波辐射计(SSM／I)亮温反演海面风速的模式，并利用同步的卫星亮温和海面浮标数据反演出海面风速，并且和浮标风速进行比较。为了说明反演算法的可用性，我们分别与目前国际上的通用反演算法的反演结果进行了比较。文章提供了一种新的、用单一波段亮温反演海面风速的方法。     

华北地区三维地壳上地幔结构

本文用均等显示滤波频时分析方法分析了长周期瑞利面波资料,获得了路经中国大陆及邻区的238条混合路径的面波群速度频散,其周期范围为10.5-113s.用改进的分格反演方法从混合路径频散中提取出位于华北地区的12个4°×4°网格单元的纯路径频散并反演其地壳上地幔结构.所得结果表明,华北地区地壳上地幔结构横向变化显著;从东向西地壳逐渐变厚;位于华北东部的分格在地壳中20km深处普遍存在低速层,整个华北地区上地幔低速层埋藏较浅,一般为55-100km之间.各个网格上地幔低速层的速度不尽相同.     

Source parameters of some large earthquakes in Northern Aegean determined by body waveform inversion

Average source parameters for three large North Aegean events are obtained from body wave inversion for the moment tensor. The parameters for the events are as follows: The events exhibit dextral strike-slip faulting with theT axis striking NS and nearly horizontal, implying extension in this direction. The focal mechanisms obtained are in agreement with the seismotectonic regime of the North Aegean. It is known that the region is tectonically controlled by the existence of the strike-slip Anatolian fault and its westward continuation in the Aegean, as well as the NS extension the whole Aegean area undergoes.The components of the moment tensor show that the region is dominated by compression in the EW direction which is encompassed by extension in the NS direction. All the events were found to be shallow (10 km) with a source time function of approximately 8 s duration and small stress drop values.The teleseismic long period verticalP-waves exhibited distortions, that could be attributed to lateral inhomogeneities in the source structure or more probably to a nonflat water-crust interface.