The improvement of an object-oriented classification using multi-temporal MODIS EVI satellite data

Abstract

This paper investigates the contribution of multi-temporal enhanced vegetation index (EVI) data to the improvement of object-based classification accuracy using multi-spectral moderate resolution imaging spectral-radiometer (MODIS) imagery. In object-oriented classification, similar pixels are firstly grouped together and then classified; the produced result does not suffer the speckled appearance and closer to human vision. EVI data are from the MODIS sensor aboard Terra spacecraft. 69 EVI data (scenes) were collected during the period of three years (2001–2003) in a mountainous vegetated area. These data sets were used to study the phenology of the land cover types. Different land cover types show distinct fluctuations over time in EVI values and this information might be used to improve object-oriented land cover classification. Two experiments were carried out: one was only with single date MODIS multispectral data, and the other one including also the 69 EVI images. Eight classes were distinguished: temperate forest, tropical dry forest, grassland, irrigated agriculture, rain-fed agriculture, orchards, lava flows and human settlement. The two classifications were evaluated with independent verification data, and the results showed that with multi-temporal EVI data, the classification accuracy was improved 5.2%. Evaluated by McNemar's test, this improved was significant, with significance level p=0.01.     

芦山7.0级地震前川滇地区中等地震密集活动

通过分析川滇地区12组4~5级地震密集活动及其对应强震的时空关系,研究结果表明:中等地震密集活动中的最大地震震级与后续强震震级不相关;对应地震与密集活动的时间间隔多在半年内;利用4、5级地震密集活动作为M≥6.7地震1年尺度的预报异常,预报效能R值为0.258 5;在云南地区,强震多发生在密集地震集中区,而四川的强震多发生在4、5级地震不活跃区。     

华北块体中等地震活动平静特征

采用累计频度方法,对华北活动地块Ms≥5．5地震前中等地震聚集活动区的地震做了时空扫描,并对平静现象进行了定量分析,结果表明：对各Ⅱ级活动地块采用不同的扫描方法．在强震前都表现出明显的增强、平静过程,平静的时间长短与所给定的构造区域有关。本文给出了华北3个Ⅱ级活动地块的发震模式。对各活动地块分别进行了R值检验,表明3个活动地块采用不同的发震模式均具有较高的预报效能。     

中强地震空间分布“X”图像及其含义

基于西太平洋板块向欧亚大陆板块下俯冲产生的推挤,造成黑龙江亚板块地下的地幔物质上涌,使其上覆岩石圈受到垂直方向上涌力的作用。通过分析"X"节理的形成、与断层的关系、火山群"X"型断裂构造的特点,对黑龙江亚板块1999年以来中强地震空间分布进行研究,呈网格化特征分布。根据构造类比法和历史地震比拟法,网格化交汇处缺震区未来几年或更长时间存在发生中强地震的背景,即内蒙古扎兰屯,通辽和黑龙江五大连池,绥化历史老震区;尤其是2008年6月10日内蒙古扎兰屯附近(阿荣旗境内)发生M 5.2地震后该地区可能再次成为未来地震的危险区。本文研究结果对区域地震危险区的判定有借鉴意义。     

河南栾川三合金矿地质特征及矿床成因研究

三合金矿位于河南省栾川县境内,主要矿体产于NW—SE向构造矿化带内,通过地表及坑道探矿工程的控制,大致查明了中浅部矿化蚀变带的地质特征、含矿性和矿体的规模、形态、产状,矿石类型和结构构造等特征,总结了矿床成因及金矿体的赋存规律,同时进一步指出了本区的探矿方向,即扩大向深部和外围空间的找矿,结果表明本区具有形成大型金矿的资源潜力,对延长矿山年限具有重要意义。     

中强地震下建筑结构动力弹塑性损伤模型研究

抗震性能是建筑设计中的一项重要指标,需要对地震作用下的建筑结构动力弹塑性损伤情况进行分析。提出一种中强地震下建筑结构动力弹塑性损伤模型研究方法。从有效应力与Cauchy应力张量\,建筑材料损伤演化方程等方面对弹塑性损伤模型基本原理进行分析,以此为理论基础,分析建筑材料应变率与建筑结构损伤能释放率的相关关系,通过Bonora损伤模型获取失效建筑材料损伤指数,并计算整体建筑结构构件损伤指数,以建筑材料损伤指数和建筑结构构件损伤指数为依据,完成中强地震下的建筑结构动力弹塑性损伤模型构建。利用实例进行分析,地震加速度值为0.3g的情况下,该模型的建筑结构相对位移时程曲线与实际位移曲线拟合度较高,且具有较好的建筑结构动力弹塑性损伤模拟精度,表明该模型具有一定的可行性。     

Hekla 1947, 1845, 1510 and 1158 tephra in Finland: challenges of tracing tephra from moderate eruptions

Several cryptotephra layers that originate from Icelandic volcanic eruptions with a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of ≤ 4 and tephra volumes of < 1 km³ have previously been identified in Northern Europe, albeit within a restricted geographical area. One of these is the Hekla 1947 tephra that formed a visible fall-out in southern Finland. We searched for the Hekla 1947 tephra from peat archives within the previously inferred fall-out zone but found no evidence of its presence. Instead, we report the first identification of Hekla 1845 and Hekla 1510 cryptotephra layers outside of Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Ireland and the UK. Additionally, Hekla 1158 tephra was found in Finland for the first time. Our results confirm that Icelandic eruptions of moderate size can form cryptotephra deposits that are extensive enough to be used in inter-regional correlations of environmental archives and carry a great potential for refining regional tephrochronological frameworks. Our results also reveal that Icelandic tephra has been dispersed into Finnish airspace at least seven times during the past millennium and in addition to a direct eastward route the ash clouds can travel either via a northerly or a southerly transport pathway.     

"生态围垦"在浙江省经济可持续发展中的意义

围垦不仅是浙江省缓解土地资源的一条重要途径,而且在该省经济发展中发挥了巨大作用.随着浙江省经济可持续发展总体目标的提出,对围垦的要求上升到了"生态围垦"的高度:这就是坚持围垦系统规划的生态性;大力开展设计创新,提高围涂技术水平,以符合"生态围垦"的设计要求;创新施工工艺,优化施工组织,以满足"生态围垦"工程的建设要求;坚持适度分期开发,积极开展绩效评估,以适应"生态围垦"工程的运行管理要求.以科技进步为基础的"生态围垦",对推动浙江省经济可持续发展有着战略性的意义.     

同构非优旅游地理论与实证研究

同构非优旅游地是旅游资源非优区中的一种类型,由于原生性旅游资源缺乏且品位低、政策误读、规划失误等诸多因素影响,致使同构非优旅游地的生存现状岌岌可危。在分析同构非优旅游地及优势旅游地现状基础上,指出同构非优旅游地今后的发展之路只能是与优势旅游地整合或自我发展,并以天台山国家森林公园为例,实证分析其发展之路的可行性,以期指导同构非优旅游地走出困境。     

华中西部中强震区的活断层研究方法初探

根据在华中西部地区多年的工作实践,探讨了地震构造标志或活动构造迹象不甚明显的大陆板内中强地震区研究断层活动性的主要思路和途径。其基本点是:在确定活断层级别的基础上,运用多种信息的组合分析方法,研究活断层(活动断裂系统)的几何学和运动学特征及其蕴震构造条件,为探索这类地区中强地震的成因机制及其中长期预测提供环境判据。