Morphological-structural analysis and topologic taxonomy on trace fossils

A new taxonomy on trace fossils considering both the morphological and structural features is suggested. From mathematical and paleobiological viewpoints, all trace fossils can be ordered into five classes of the hierarchy: topological ichnocategory, ichnofamily, ichnosubfamily, ichnogenus and ichnospecies. It is hoped that by means of this taxonomy, the effects such as tectonic deformation can no longer influence the fossils' morphological analysis and the configuration complexities within various trace fossils can also be compared to one another immediately. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49472086).     

复杂背景下提高精度的眼睛定位方法

提出了一种在基于肤色的人脸检测中通过进行相似度计算来实现人眼特征提取和定位的算法.其目的是在较复杂的背景环境下对静态图片中的人脸进行检测,找出脸部区域并对该人脸进行眼睛定位.先进行肤色分割来完成人脸的区域检测,然后在检测出的人脸范围中利用人脸的几何特征进行快速的眼睛定位.在人脸区域检测过程中使用均值滤波提高人脸区域定位的准确度.实验结果证明,这种方法是准确的、可靠的和快速的.     

Strain localization in soft rock—a typical rate‐dependent solid: experimental and numerical studies

Strain localization developing inside soft rock specimens is examined through experimental observation and numerical simulation. In the experimental study, soft rock specimens are sheared at different strain rates under plane strain conditions and deformation and strain localization characteristics are analysed. Transition of localization mode from highly localized mode for higher strain rate to distributed and diffused mode of strain localization for lower strain rates was observed. In the numerical study, simulations of plane strain compression tests are carried out at different strain rates by using an overstressed‐type elasto‐viscoplastic model in finite element computations. The role of strain rates on setting gradients of strain fields across shear band is clarified. The probable mechanism for transition of localization mode is discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

机载气象雷达扫描的理想模型仿真算法

利用地基多普勒天气雷达数据,提出机载雷达扫描的模拟仿真算法,并建立了仿真扫描的理论模型。该模型利用数据分层几何投影,处理速度较快、精度较高,可应用于扇形扫描和圆锥扫描。在理想情况下,设计了消除地物回波的算法及多普勒速度退模糊的算法。试验表明,仿真回波可应用于机载气象雷达实际观测前的扫描方式可行性研究,有助于分析机载雷达探测的云雨回波特性。     

从车载激光扫描数据中提取复杂建筑物立面的方法

提出一种从车载激光扫描数据中提取复杂建筑物立面的新方法。该方法首先利用"维数特征"方法确定每个扫描点的最佳邻域,进而计算得到每个扫描点精确的局部几何特征(法向量、主方向、维数特征);然后基于"维数特征"对扫描点进行粗分类,并设置相应的生长准则对不同类别的扫描数据分别进行分割;最后综合建筑物立面的语义知识对建筑物立面区域进行精确提取。试验结果和比较分析表明,本文的方法不但能提取建筑物平面和非平面立面,而且可消除点密度差异(变化)对建筑物立面提取结果的影响,提高建筑物立面提取的正确率和完整性。     

非相干双光源植被冠层方向反射模拟与试验

基于非相干光源叠加的原理,建立了太阳-激光双光源植被冠层方向反射模型。首先,分析了太阳光和激光的特点,指出了其协同应用对植被定量遥感探测的应用潜力;其次,利用Li-Strahler几何光学模型和辐射传输SAIL模型,进行了双光源情况下的模拟研究,发现在非相干叠加的情况下,当两种光源在不同角度入射时,会出现双热点的现象,并且其强度受到两种光源各自强度的影响。基于上述原理,分别针对两种模型进行试验研究,利用模拟“树木”进行了稀疏分布的几何光学模型研究,利用小麦进行了浓密分布条件下的辐射传输模型试验研究,试验结果表明了基本原理及模拟结果的可靠性。结合相关研究分析表明,双光源建模有利于定量遥感机理模型的求解,可以利用构造的“热点”信息进行植被结构参数提取,同时对于主被动遥感协同应用和激光的植被定量遥感研究具有重要价值。     

DISCUSSION ON ATTENUATION CHARACTERISTICS,SITE RESPONSE AND MAGNITUDE DETERMINATION IN SICHUAN

The attenuation characteristics and site response are calculated respectively for each individual tectonic unit in Sichuan (Sichuan Basin,west Sichuan plateau and Panzhihua-Xichang area),using digital waveform data recorded by regional seismic networks and relevant seismic phase data collected from China Seismograph Network.The frequency dependent Q(f) is obtained by the iterative grid-search technique described by Atkinson and Mereu based on trilinear geometrical spreading model.The source spectra are determined by the model of Brune and the site responses of seismic stations are derived by Moya's method using genetic algorithms.Comparison to conventional M_L estimates shows that the network local magnitude bias is quite significant at low and intermediate magnitudes.The bias at the j^th station for the i^th event is defined as ΔM_ij=M_ij-M_i, where ΔM_ij is the station magnitude and M_i the network-average value.For comparison,we mapped the spatial distribution of biases by digital seismograms recorded from 10535 earthquakes of magnitude 2.5≤M_L≤4.9 that occurred in Sichuan from January 1,2009 to June 30,2015.Based on the above data,the attenuation characteristics,site response and their effects on magnitude determination in Sichuan are analyzed.Our results demonstrate that the associated model for regional quality factor for frequencies can be expressed as Q₁(f)=450.6f^{0.513 4} for Sichuan Basin,Q₂(f)=136.6f^{0.581 3} for west Sichuan Plateau and Q₃(f)=101.9f^{0.666 3} for Panzhihua-Xichang area.Site response results indicate that different stations show different amplifications.Maps of biases appear to be different,but with similar dominant spatial distribution.For stations in Sichuan Basin,their greater magnitudes are functions of low attenuation in structure and amplification effects of both seismic stations and basin effects.For stations in west Sichuan Plateau,the possible causes of these lower magnitudes are severe dependence upon source region due to extreme lateral variations in either structure or path effect attenuation.For stations in Panzhihua-Xichang area,broken medium caused by strong tectonic activity or large earthquakes and heat flow up-welling along active faults may be the main reasons of low magnitude values when earthquakes occur in western Sichuan and eastern Tibetan region.And the greater magnitudes for earthquakes along the Longmen Mountains appear to be well correlated with edge effect of sedimentary basin on strong ground motion.In our study,stations magnitude biases appear to be extremely correlated with tectonic structures and different regions when seismic rays passing through,magnitudes are affected significantly by lateral variations in attenuation characters rather than site responses.     

两郧断裂郧阳盆地段几何特征与活动性研究

通过野外地质调查和光释光测年, 分析了两郧断裂郧阳盆地段的几何结构和第四纪活动性。研究表明,两郧断裂几何结构在盆地边缘和盆地内部存在很大不同,在盆地边缘主要呈左旋逆倾滑特征,发育宽大的破碎带,而在盆地内部呈正倾滑特征,断层错断了中更新统,断距最大为20 cm,甚至影响了上更新统;断层上断点沉积物光释光年龄为134.99±15.52 ka和160.95±16.88 ka,显示其在晚更新世早期有过明显的活动。