下扬子地区幕府山组陆缘海-台地黑色细粒沉积岩系沉积学和孔隙结构特征

黑色细粒沉积岩系沉积学和孔隙结构研究对于沉积环境恢复、页岩气储层评价和有利储层预测具有重要意义.利用下扬子地区最新完钻的XYZ-1钻井资料,综合钻井岩心、岩石薄片、XRD分析、氩离子-场扫描电镜等手段,开展幕府山组细粒沉积岩系的沉积学和孔隙结构研究.结果表明,幕府山组岩性组成以块状、纹层状深色（碳质）泥岩、浅灰色纹层状泥质灰岩、泥晶灰岩为主,夹泥灰岩、云灰岩、陆屑灰岩和白云岩、安山岩、角砾岩等,以含硅质粘土质混合页岩相和含硅质粘土质页岩相为主,属于下扬子海盆的陆架浅海碳酸盐岩台地-深水海湾-潮坪环境.幕府山组黑色细粒沉积岩孔隙类型多样,有机孔为2~200 nm,面孔率为2.86%~15.90%,孔隙分布较均匀,但总体连通性较差,部分与脆性矿物或粘土矿物共生的有机孔分布不均匀.无机孔以粒内孔、粒间孔、溶蚀孔为主,部分为晶间孔和矿物层间孔.除黄铁矿晶间孔外,大部分无机孔均大于2 μm,最大可达50 μm.细粒沉积岩中的微裂缝广泛发育,构造微裂缝形态复杂,缝宽一般20~500 μm,常常被方解石和石英充填.成岩微裂缝长度一般大10μm,缝宽50~200 nm.幕府山组顶部深水海湾相和底部泥坪-蒸发台地相黑色细粒沉积岩TOC含量为2.66%~21.27%,平均值为6.30%,有机孔、无机孔和微裂缝发育,粘土矿物和脆性矿物含量较高,具备优质页岩气储层发育的有利条件.      

穿透性地球化学在干旱戈壁荒漠覆盖区的应用 ——甘肃花牛山铅锌矿试验实例

干旱戈壁荒漠区地处我国西北部地区,天山、北山、祁连山三大多金属成矿带横贯其中,成矿条件优越,找矿尤其是找隐伏矿的潜力巨大,但受风成砂土的影响,很难获知覆盖层下方的矿化信息.穿透性地球化学已被证实是有效寻找隐伏矿的方法,其被定义为能探测深部隐伏矿体发出的直接信息的勘查地球化学理论与方法技术.笔者在花牛山铅锌矿开展土壤微细粒全量测量、金属活动态测量(水溶态测量、黏土吸附态测量、铁锰氧化物态测量)和地电化学测量多种穿透性地球化学勘查方法实测工作,结果表明,5种测量方法分析数据主成矿元素(铅、锌)异常衬度高,变异系数大,富集成矿可能性大,地球化学异常与深部隐伏矿体位置吻合,相比较而言,土壤微细粒全量测量效果最好,黏土吸附态测量、铁锰氧化物态测量和地电化学测量效果较好,水溶态测量效果稍差;所选方法技术针对干旱戈壁荒漠区寻找隐伏铅锌矿是有效的.气固介质中内生条件下的纳米金属微粒的发现为利用土壤作为采样介质的穿透性地球化学方法技术(土壤微细粒测量、金属活动态测量)提供了理论基础.电提取泡塑载体中大量的微米级的黏土矿物颗粒发现,以及微量元素异常与铁、铝等常量元素异常高度一致,初步推断地电化学测量提取过程是对黏土矿物颗粒选择性吸附过程.     

迭代法建立的低频模型在储层反演中的应用

储层预测的精度直接制约着油气开发的经济性与有效性,而低频信息的补偿是改善储层反演效果的有利途径之一。常规的测井曲线内插低通滤波建模方法难以精细表征复杂地质背景下的低频模型。为降低研究区特殊地质体对储层反演带来的影响,采用迭代法建立低频模型,建模中分步考虑压实作用、特殊岩性等因素影响,并通过反演效果不断迭代更新低频模型,最终准确建立反映不同岩性(包含火山岩)的反演低频模型。研究表明: 该方法能够保证储层反演结果的可靠性,为储层精细描述提供了资料; 同时基于反演结果,对东海西湖凹陷W气田主力层(P1)有利储层进行重新刻画,优化了开发井水平段的位置,该井实施结果证实钻遇了优质储层。用迭代法建立的低频模型为复杂地质背景地区储层预测提供了一种更有效的建模方法。     

Sediment infiltration traps: their use to monitor salmonid spawning habitat in headwater tributaries of the Cascapédia River,Québec

Sediment infiltration can clog salmon nests and reduce egg survival. As a countermeasure, environmental managers often deploy infiltration traps to monitor sediment infiltration. Traps provide a repeatable means of measuring infiltration and enable comparisons to be made between sites. Results from infiltration rates measured with traps have also been used to estimate infilling rates into salmon nests. Application of these data is questionable, as the composition of the bed and the amount of fine sediment within the bed is known to affect infiltration rates. Thus, infiltration rates measured with infiltration traps may differ from the infiltration rates occurring in redd and riffle gravels. To examine how relationships between sediment infiltration rates varied between four watersheds, we continuously monitored suspended sediment transport, shear stress and infiltration rates at four sites over 5 months. We also compared infiltration rates measured with infiltration traps with changes in the hydraulic conductivity and subsurface grain size distribution of adjacent artificially constructed salmon nests and natural riffle gravels. Among the four watersheds, clear differences in sediment infiltration rates were observed. The differences correlated with the subsurface silt content but no strong relationship existed between land‐use or basin physiography/geology. Despite observing an average of 30 kg m⁻² of sediment finer than 2 mm being deposited in the infiltration traps during the study, no change in redd or riffle substrate was observed. If the deposition rates measured with the traps reflect the processes in redds, enough sediment would have been deposited to inhibit egg emergence. However, no reduction in egg survival to the eyed stage was observed. In summary, our results show that infiltration traps with clean gravels can be used to detect intersite differences in sediment transport regimes. Extrapolations of sediment infiltration rates measured with such collectors to estimate infiltration rates in redds or riffles is, however, flawed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Importance of wave-induced bed liquefaction in the fine sediment budget of Cleveland Bay,Great Barrier Reef

Data from a three-year long field study of fine sediment dynamics in Cleveland Bay show that wave-induced liquefaction of the fine sediment bed on the seafloor in shallow water was the main process causing bed erosion under small waves during tradewinds, and that shear-induced erosion prevailed during cyclonic conditions. These data were used to verify a model of fine sediment dynamics that calculates sediment resuspension by both excess shear stress and wave-induced liquefaction of the bed. For present land-use conditions, the amount of riverine sediments settling on the bay may exceed by 50–75% the amount of sediment exported from the bay. Sediment is thus accumulating in the bay on an annual basis, which in turn may degrade the fringing coral reefs. For those years when a tropical cyclone impacted the bay there may be a net sediment outflow from the bay. During the dry, tradewind season, fine sediment was progressively winnowed out of the shallow, reefal waters.     

Valency Study of Vanadium in Stone Coal Ash of Jiangxi Province

Vanadium-bearing stone coal is a new vanadium resource;recovery ofV_2O_5 from the coal has been investigated.It has been found that a satisfactoryextraction of V_2O_5 depends on both the oxidation of V and its reaction with so-dium salt.V in the coal ash of Yushan mainly exists in two oxidation states:98％V(Ⅲ)and2％V(Ⅳ).The distribution of valency of V shows that organicmatter determines V valency at low temperatures,at about470℃,V(Ⅲ)iscompletely oxidized to V(Ⅳ);above500℃,the temperature is the most impor-tant factor for the oxidation of V .At higher temperatures no more V is oxidizedto V(Ⅴ);an equilibrium is established after92％of V is oxidized to V(Ⅴ).The roles of NaCl in the recovery of V_2O_5 from the coal ash were discussed.The best conditions for roasting are temperature750-800℃for1 h.underthe oxidation-chlorination atmosphere.When the ore:NaCl=100:10 by weight,η_roast reaches85.5％.According to the results,a flowsheet for V_2O_5 extrac-tion from coal ash has been proposed.     

细纱机数据采集与处理系统

论述了细纱机数据采集与处理系统的设计思想与实现方法。     

Frequency Effects of Fine Thin Layer

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Emission spectrographic estimation of gold

A procedure for estimating minute quantities (parts per billion) of gold is described, based on dissolution of the sample in aqua regia, adsorption on activated charcoal, arcing of the charcoal ash, and measurement of the intensity of the emitted spectra.