生物和非生物因子对东海南麂岛海域表层沉积物甲藻孢囊分布的影响

本文首次对东海南麂岛海域的甲藻孢囊群落进行了为期一年（2014-2015）的定量分析研究。在南麂岛近岸8个采样点中，鉴定并定量了6个种群，34种形态的甲藻孢囊，其中包括14%的潜在产毒物种。自养型孢囊占总孢囊数量的74%。通过与邻近海域的研究结果比较，南麂海域总孢囊数量（2-33个孢囊/毫升沉积物）相对较低。Scrippsiella trochoidea和Protoperidinium avellana分别是丰度最高的自养和异养型孢囊。我们采用多元统计方法评估了甲藻孢囊分布同非生物或生物变量之间的关系。在DCA排序图中，发现季节之间有明显的分化。尽管采样点之间的水动力条件有所不同，甲藻孢囊的空间分布差异并不显著。可溶性活性磷酸盐，氮磷比和米氏凯伦藻（Karenia mikimotoi）藻华是通过CCA确定的与表层沉积物孢囊分布相关的三个重要因素（P<0.05），这表明该区域营养盐状况对甲藻孢囊分布影响较大。虽然本研究未能明确近年来南麂岛海域有害赤潮的源头，但对于进一步了解南麂岛的甲藻孢囊动态和潜在的毒素威胁具有重要的参考意义。     

Zooplankton associations off otago peninsula,south‐eastern New Zealand,related to different water masses

Distinctly different water masses are to be found near the sea surface within 40 km of the coast off Otago Peninsula, south‐eastern New Zealand (45° 50’ S, 170° 45’ E). Although the hydrological regime is complex in this area, the three water masses have a stable relationship to one another: neritic water close to shore, then modified Subtropical Water, and Subantarctic Water off shore. Quantitative zooplankton samples from the upper 150 m were taken from a four‐station, 50‐km latitudinal transect at monthly intervals over 15 months, October 1966‐December 1967. Data were analysed by group‐average sorting methods into a hierarchical classification of 37 components, identified to species where practicable. Each species group was clearly associated with particular stations and from this hydrological affinities were deduced. The classification recognised a primary division between “neritic” and “oceanic” groups of zooplankton, each of which contained further subdivisions. “Neritic” zooplankton contained “coastal” and “shelf” subgroups; “oceanic” plankton contained “transitional” and “subantarctic” subgroups. Zooplankton from Otago waters had hydrological affinities which were consistent with their wider distributions. Presence of subtropical zooplankton in Otago waters helps to resolve confusing differences between various interpretations of surface circulation in the southern Tasman Sea.     

The stomatocyst of Mallomonas acaroides v. muskokana (Chrysophyceae)

The stomatocyst of Mallomanas acaroides v. muskokana is described based on observations made from both live populations and surface sediment remains. The cyst is slightly ovate in shape, covered with evenly spaced, ornamented spines and has a short cylindrical collar with a variable apex and internal annulus surrounding the pore. The spines have a thickened base, a cylindrical middle section and a flattened apex with a ring of finger-like projections. Several immature stages of development are described and the stomatocyst is compared to those described for phylogenetically similar species. Complementary investigations of stomatocysts from both living (planktonic) and sediment collections can greatly facilitate the identification of stomatocyst morphotypes.This is the second in a series of four papers published in this dedicated issue entitled Application of Chrysophyte Stomatocysts in Paleolimnology. Dr. C.D. Sandgren served as guest editor for these papers.     

CT导向下肾囊肿穿刺硬化治疗

本文报导２０例肾囊肿穿刺硬化治疗,囊肿大小为３．６￣９．０ｃｍ,囊肿容积为３５￣３５８ｍｌ。术后３个月￣一年后随访复查,疗效达９５％。其中囊腔完全消失者为８５％。文中就穿刺硬化技术,方法及操作经验进行了讨论。     

胶州湾表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊的分布

为了解胶州湾表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊的分布特征,于2015年7月采集胶州湾12个站位的表层沉积物进行甲藻孢囊分析,共鉴定甲藻孢囊37种(分属5个类群)和2种未定种,包括自养型20种和异养型17种,优势种为膝沟藻。其Shannon-Wiener多样性指数[H′(log2)]介于2.84—3.91,平均值为3.42;均匀度指数介于0.75—0.98,平均值为0.88,总体值较高。胶州湾海域各站位的甲藻孢囊丰度介于96—969cyst/g DW(干重),平均丰度为401cyst/g DW,呈现出临近湾口处丰度较高,而湾内较低的空间分布差异特征。尤其值得注意的是,有两种产虾夷扇贝毒素(Yessotoxin,YTX)甲藻[具刺膝沟藻(Gonyaulax spinifera)和多边舌甲藻(Lingulodinium polyedrum)]的孢囊和3种产麻痹性贝类毒素(PSP)甲藻[塔玛/链状亚历山大藻(Alexandrium catenella/tamarense)、微小/相似亚历山大藻(A.minutum/affine)和链状裸甲藻(Gymnodinium catenatum)]的孢囊在胶州湾海域大多数站位均有分布,尽管其数量不高,但其广泛的分布范围仍需引起我们的重视。     

柘林湾近代沉积物中甲藻孢囊的垂直分布

于2001年4月在枯林湾3个采样点采集了各约20cm的沉积物柱状样,分层研究了甲藻孢囊的垂直分布,在33个沉积物榈中共分析鉴定出甲藻孢囊47种,而且还观察到了3种该海域特有的种类。孢囊组成以原多甲藻等异养型孢囊为主,而有毒的亚历山大藻和链状裸甲藻孢囊也均有分布。每个样品中所分析鉴定的孢囊种类数较少,仅有5-16种,平均10种,孢囊丰度也较低,在59-1998cysts/g D Wt之间,平均280cysts/g D Wt。香农-威弗种类多样性指数和孢囊种类数都以位于非养殖区湾外海域的S3站最高,同时在3个站位的6-8cm层次处,随深度的增加均有较大幅度的上升。研究结果表明,枯林湾的富营养化程度较高,而且湾内海域大于湾外海域,养殖区大于非养殖区,近年有加剧的趋势。