山东诸城晚白垩世王氏群恐龙化石层碎屑锆石定年和物源示踪

山东东部诸城晚白垩世王氏群大面积、高密度集群埋藏的恐龙化石是近年研究的热点,但其沉积物源与精确沉积时限目前尚不明确。本文通过对山东诸城王氏群恐龙化石层中6个砂岩样品的碎屑锆石U-Pb定年表明,样品090414-24-D中最年轻的单颗粒锆石年龄(YSG)为77.3 Ma,应代表王氏群恐龙化石层的最大沉积时限(下限),结合前人对王氏群红土崖组的年代学研究表明,其沉积时限应老于73.5 Ma(上限),也说明赋存恐龙化石层的王氏群上部红土崖组为Campanian期沉积;碎屑锆石定年揭示物源的锆石年龄组成分布在100～130 Ma之间,6个样品的年龄主峰值多在110 Ma或120 Ma左右,与下伏的早白垩世青山群火山岩年龄主峰较为吻合。王氏群恐龙化石层砾岩的砾石成分和古水流研究显示,其中3组砾石统计表明砾岩层砾石成分主要由火山岩或火山碎屑岩组成,3组古水流数据表明,诸城地区王氏群红土崖组砾岩层的古流向以南和南东方向为主,尚有1组显示古流向为向北,表明王氏群物源主要来自盆地北侧莱阳和北西侧沂沭断裂带的青山群火山岩,其次为盆地南缘。本研究为诸城王氏群化石层沉积时限的限定和沉积物源的判断,以及胶莱盆地王氏群时期古地理格局的恢复等提供了重要的依据。     

钙磷酸盐—BMP多孔复合材料的降解与成骨效应

通过X射线照相术、SEM、EPMA等测试手段研究了钙磷酸盐（CP）多孔陶瓷及钙磷酸盐－骨形态发生蛋白质（BMP）多孔复合材料（CPB）在动物体内的生物降解性、成骨效应以及材料－骨界面的显微结构。用统计学τ检验对CP和CPB两种材料植入体内后的新骨形成速率数据进行了处理。结果表明CPB复合材料的新骨形成速率明显高于CP陶瓷；钙磷酸盐矿物有较好的生物降解性，但在体内完全降解是不可能的；BMP与CP复合后，能明显地加快新骨形成，促进钙磷酸盐矿物的降解；多孔结构亦有利于矿物降解及新骨形成，新骨长入陶瓷孔隙后形成一中种互穿网络结构，使植入部位力学性能得到强化，弥补了材料降解中所导致的力学性能的衰减。据此可以预测，通过适当的孔结构和诱导成骨机制，可以制备出近乎完全降解的生物材料。     

山东滕州西公桥遗址人骨的稳定同位素分析

文章应用稳定同位素C和N分析的方法,研究了山东滕州大汶口文化时期西公桥遗址先民的食谱,试图揭示该遗址先民生活方式、社会经济结构的变化。总体而言,该遗址样品保存较差,骨中骨胶原的含量较低,以C/N摩尔比作为标准,仅有8个样品属于未污染样品,可用作食谱分析。对样品进行稳定同位素C和N分析,结果表明:该遗址先民均为稻、粟混食,但在肉食资源获取上有所不同。以C₃为主的先民,具有较低的^δ15N;而以C₄类为主的先民,^δ15N值较高。在该遗址的发展过程中,人们的食物结构发生了一定的变化。     

钢筋混凝土桥墩震后修复技术研究综述

介绍了近几次破坏性地震中钢筋混凝土桥墩的典型震害,总结了国内外利用FRP材料、钢套管、狗骨式杆等新型建筑材料对发生弯曲破坏、剪切破坏、纵筋搭接破坏以及空心截面桥墩的震后修复技术.研究表明,采用合适的修复方案,可以对地震损坏的桥墩进行成功修复,使其承载力和延性得到较好的恢复.文中提到的桥墩震后修复方案可为地震、火灾、爆炸以及腐蚀老化后遭受损坏的钢筋混凝土结构的修复提供参考.     

双能X射线骨密度仪技术进展综述

骨质疏松的日趋严重使得骨密度的测量越来越受到人们的关注。随着医疗技术的不断进步,双能X射线骨密度仪以其精确的测量结果,较低的辐射剂量以及多种类多型号,被广泛运用于骨质疏松的诊断中。本文介绍骨密度的概念、测量方法和部位,重点介绍双能X射线骨密度测量的基本原理和关键技术。通过不同的分类方法对现有双能X射线骨密度仪进行分析和阐述,并通过硬件和软件对目前双能X射线骨密度仪存在的问题进行分析,对未来该技术的发展趋势进行了讨论和预测。     

血管液态金属造影成像金属伪影校正算法研究

X射线显微CT可用于研究解剖学血管网络的可视化问题。为了突出显示血管,可向血管中注入液体金属造影剂。但是由于液体金属造影剂具有较高的线性衰减系数,会在重建图像上产生放射状的金属伪影,造成血管边界不准确。为了解决这一问题,基于骨硬化校正方法,提出了新算法。实验结果表明该方法能减轻离体猪肾血管造影成像的金属伪影,提高成像质量。      

古人类骨骼中锶同位素分析预处理方法

采用超声波清洗及离子交换分离等技术，对新疆青铜时代古人类骨骼中样品进行预处理及分离，该方法制备的同位素锶样品，保证了样品在前处理过程中不受处外界物质的污染，并提取纯度高的锶用于质谱测试。     

黄山市鸡母山中侏罗世恐龙化石地质遗迹产出地层以及沉积相

安徽省黄山市歙县鸡母山首次发现大量中体罗世恐龙骨骼化石。本文从沉积学及古生物组合等信息分析,该处上、下二层化石分属河流相河床滞留沉积和洪泛沉积环境。     

The first discovery of crinoids and cephalopod hooklets in the British Triassic

The Late Triassic Rhaetian stage is perhaps best known in south-west Britain for the bone beds of the Westbury Formation, but there are other fossil-rich horizons within this and the underlying Blue Anchor Formation. Samples from a borehole drilled at the Filton West Chord, and collected from exposures near Bristol Parkway railway station, have yielded significant fossil material from both of these formations. The assemblage recovered from the Blue Anchor Formation is similar to those from the lower Westbury Formation, yielding roughly equal proportions of chondrichthyans and osteichthyans. Assemblages recovered from the Westbury Formation are typical of those from the upper Westbury Formation, in being dominated by osteichthyans. The borehole samples have produced the first recorded evidence of crinoids in the British Triassic, and the first evidence of coleoid cephalopods, in the form of grasping hooklets, from the Rhaetian, and indeed the first from the British Triassic.     

Identifying remains of extinct kangaroos in Late Pleistocene deposits using collagen fingerprinting

Our knowledge of past animal populations, including the geographical ranges of extinct species, has largely been derived from morphological analyses of skeletal fossil remains. However, a major barrier to the identification of the remains of extinct megafaunal species in archaeological and palaeontological sites is the highly fragmented nature of the material, which often precludes confident taxonomic identifications based on morphology. Biomolecular techniques are able to go beyond these limitations and are increasingly being used to make such identifications. Protein analysis offers a promising alternative to DNA techniques because they can be much cheaper, more amenable to high‐throughput processing and work on much older specimens. Here we demonstrate the potential of collagen fingerprinting in an Australian context by extracting collagen from 50‐ka kangaroo fossils from two caves in Tasmania, and identify several species including the extinct short‐faced kangaroo Simosthenurus occidentalis . Importantly, of the five fossil bones sampled that had hitherto been ascribed morphology‐based identifications below the family level, three had been incorrectly identified during an initial assessment of photographs taken in the field. Our results highlight the utility of using protein‐based methods for making genus‐level identification of marsupial bone, especially those that may form a basis for broader arguments such as that of late‐surviving megafaunal species.