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101.
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103.
川西北松潘-甘孜地块大石包组玄武岩成因及其形成构造背景 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
川西北松潘-甘孜地块内二叠世大石包组玄武岩富集大离子亲石元素和高场强元素,具有与洋岛玄武岩相似的地球化学性质,形成于大陆板内环境。通过与典型峨眉山玄武岩之地球化学组成的对比研究,认为大石包玄武岩与峨眉山玄武岩中的高钛类玄武岩性质相同,两者具有一个共同的成因,即都是峨眉山地幔柱活动的产物。由此推测峨眉山玄武岩不仅分布在扬子地块内部,向西还有一定的延伸,同时暗示了峨眉山地幔柱头部可能具有比现在所认识的更大的规模。 相似文献
104.
Daniel G. Brown Rick Riolo Derek T. Robinson Michael North William Rand 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2005,7(1):25-47
The use of object-orientation for both spatial data and spatial process models facilitates their integration, which can allow exploration and explanation of spatial-temporal phenomena. In order to better understand how tight coupling might proceed and to evaluate the possible functional and efficiency gains from such a tight coupling, we identify four key relationships affecting how geographic data (fields and objects) and agent-based process models can interact: identity, causal, temporal and topological. We discuss approaches to implementing tight integration, focusing on a middleware approach that links existing GIS and ABM development platforms, and illustrate the need and approaches with example agent-based models. 相似文献
105.
R. Pail 《Journal of Geodesy》2005,79(4-5):231-241
In the recent design of the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) satellite mission, the gravity gradients are defined in the gradiometer reference frame (GRF), which deviates from the actual flight direction (local orbit reference frame, LORF) by up to 3–4°. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of uncertainties in the knowledge of the gradiometer orientation due to attitude reconstitution errors on the gravity field solution. In the framework of several numerical simulations, which are based on a realistic mission configuration, different scenarios are investigated, to provide the accuracy requirements of the orientation information. It turns out that orientation errors have to be seriously considered, because they may represent a significant error component of the gravity field solution. While in a realistic mission scenario (colored gradiometer noise) the gravity field solutions are quite insensitive to small orientation biases, random noise applied to the attitude information can have a considerable impact on the accuracy of the resolved gravity field models. 相似文献
106.
B. Tapley J. Ries S. Bettadpur D. Chambers M. Cheng F. Condi B. Gunter Z. Kang P. Nagel R. Pastor T. Pekker S. Poole F. Wang 《Journal of Geodesy》2005,79(8):467-478
A new generation of Earth gravity field models called GGM02 are derived using approximately 14 months of data spanning from
April 2002 to December 2003 from the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE). Relative to the preceding generation,
GGM01, there have been improvements to the data products, the gravity estimation methods and the background models. Based
on the calibrated covariances, GGM02 (both the GRACE-only model GGM02S and the combination model GGM02C) represents an improvement
greater than a factor of two over the previous GGM01 models. Error estimates indicate a cumulative error less than 1 cm geoid
height to spherical harmonic degree 70, which can be said to have met the GRACE minimum mission goals.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 相似文献
107.
The problem of “global height datum unification” is solved in the gravity potential space based on: (1) high-resolution local
gravity field modeling, (2) geocentric coordinates of the reference benchmark, and (3) a known value of the geoid’s potential.
The high-resolution local gravity field model is derived based on a solution of the fixed-free two-boundary-value problem
of the Earth’s gravity field using (a) potential difference values (from precise leveling), (b) modulus of the gravity vector
(from gravimetry), (c) astronomical longitude and latitude (from geodetic astronomy and/or combination of (GNSS) Global Navigation
Satellite System observations with total station measurements), (d) and satellite altimetry. Knowing the height of the reference
benchmark in the national height system and its geocentric GNSS coordinates, and using the derived high-resolution local gravity
field model, the gravity potential value of the zero point of the height system is computed. The difference between the derived
gravity potential value of the zero point of the height system and the geoid’s potential value is computed. This potential
difference gives the offset of the zero point of the height system from geoid in the “potential space”, which is transferred
into “geometry space” using the transformation formula derived in this paper. The method was applied to the computation of
the offset of the zero point of the Iranian height datum from the geoid’s potential value W
0=62636855.8 m2/s2. According to the geometry space computations, the height datum of Iran is 0.09 m below the geoid. 相似文献
108.
Trevor Quinn A.-Xing Zhu James E. Burt 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2005,7(4):324-338
Hydro-ecological modelers often use spatial variation of soil information derived from conventional soil surveys in simulation of hydro-ecological processes over watersheds at mesoscale (10–100 km2). Conventional soil surveys are not designed to provide the same level of spatial detail as terrain and vegetation inputs derived from digital terrain analysis and remote sensing techniques. Soil property layers derived from conventional soil surveys are often incompatible with detailed terrain and remotely sensed data due to their difference in scales. The objective of this research is to examine the effect of scale incompatibility between soil information and the detailed digital terrain data and remotely sensed information by comparing simulations of watershed processes based on the conventional soil map and those simulations based on detailed soil information across different simulation scales. The detailed soil spatial information was derived using a GIS (geographical information system), expert knowledge, and fuzzy logic based predictive mapping approach (Soil Land Inference Model, SoLIM). The Regional Hydro-Ecological Simulation System (RHESSys) is used to simulate two watershed processes: net photosynthesis and stream flow. The difference between simulation based on the conventional soil map and that based on the detailed predictive soil map at a given simulation scale is perceived to be the effect of scale incompatibility between conventional soil data and the rest of the (more detailed) data layers at that scale. Two modeling approaches were taken in this study: the lumped parameter approach and the distributed parameter approach. The results over two small watersheds indicate that the effect does not necessarily always increase or decrease as the simulation scale becomes finer or coarser. For a given watershed there seems to be a fixed scale at which the effect is consistently low for the simulated processes with both the lumped parameter approach and the distributed parameter approach. 相似文献
109.
武当地块基性岩席群及其地质意义 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
侵位于武当地块内部的大量的板状为基性侵入体近年来一直被认为是800Ma左右发生的扬子古大陆裂解的重要依据。然而作者在武当地块北缘与西南部所做的1:5万地质填图以及相应的构造学和同位素年代学研究表明,它们与武当地块顺层伸展滑脱构造主滑脱面之顺层韧性一韧性变形带有密切的空间关系,是被褶皱了的岩席群。最新获得的岩体单颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄为401-407Ma,结合已有的地球化学研究成果,并考虑到邻区同时代碱性岩浆的侵位,作者认为,这套基性岩群代表了泥盆纪时南秦岭地区曾发生过大规模的上地幔岩浆的底侵作用,并因此导致南秦岭上部地壳的伸展减薄。 相似文献
110.