滇黔桂盆地早二叠世亚丁斯克期的沉积环境分异与䗴有孔虫响应

亚丁斯克期华南滇黔桂地区沉积环境分异明显,主要发育局限或半局限海台地沉积区、开阔海台地沉积区和台地边缘沉积区,不同沉积区䗴有孔虫动物群面貌也有所区别。本文详细研究了黔南地区的猴场打望剖面和惠水竹子冲剖面阿瑟尔期—亚丁斯克期的地层,在打望剖面识别出4个䗴类化石带,由老至新为Pseudoschwagerina beedei-Sphaeroschwagerina constans共存延限带、Staffella xiushuiensis-Eoparafusulina contracta富集带、Pseudofusulina ellipsoidalis富集带和Misellina subcycloidea间隔带。竹子冲剖面识别出3个化石带,由老至新为Pseudoschwagerina uddeni-Sphaeroschwagerina sphaerica组合带、Eoparafusulina certa富集带和Staffella discoides延限带。对滇黔桂地区不同沉积相区剖面䗴类动物群以及沉积相特征的综合研究显示:开阔台地或台地边缘环境的䗴动物群以Pamirina为特征分子,同时还产出丰富的希瓦格䗴亚科(Schwagerininae)分子;局限或半局限台地环境的䗴类以史塔夫䗴亚科分子(Staffellininae)为主。沉积环境对䗴有孔虫的影响可能主要来自水动力、光照和氧气含量。个体较大、隔壁褶皱强烈的纺锤形希瓦格䗴亚科分子更适应水动力强、透光性好、氧气充足的水体;小个体、结构简单的史塔夫䗴亚科分子可在透光性差、含氧量较低的水体中生存。     

黔南上司地区石炭系有孔虫:兼论华南维宪阶有孔虫生物地层序列

石炭纪时期有孔虫具有演化快、分布广、数量丰富、分异度高的特点,对于地层的划分对比具有极为重要的意义。与全球其他重要的石炭纪沉积区相比,华南有孔虫生物地层划分精度相对较低。本文首次较为系统地报道了华南石炭系代表性岩石地层单位旧司组和上司组下部丰富的有孔虫化石及其在剖面上的分布情况,并综合现有关于华南的有孔虫化石资料,将华南维宪阶划分为7个有孔虫化石带,自下而上分别为Eoparastaffella simplex带、Viseidiscus/Planoarchaediscus带、Paraarchaediscus带、Pojarkovella nibelis带、Koskinotextularia带、Bradyina带和Janischewskina带。这些有孔虫带可与全球其他典型的石炭纪沉积区进行很好的对比,从而为相关的研究提供一个较为精细的地层格架。通过对黔南上司地区有孔虫的研究,提议中国石炭系区域性年代地层单位上司阶底界可用有孔虫Bradyina的首现定义,并将上司阶与西欧的Warnantian亚阶中上部和俄罗斯的Aleksinian亚阶—Venevian亚阶对比,对应国际维宪阶上部,为全球石炭系年代地层对比提供了可靠的化石依据。     

The paleobiogeographical significance of the Silurian and Devonian trilobites of Japan

Six major groups of trilobites from the Silurian and Devonian of Japan are evaluated for their paleobiogeographical signature. Silurian illaenids and scutelluids show four generic‐level and at least two species‐level links with the Australian segment of the Gondwana paleocontinent; encrinurids also indicate two generic‐level links with Australia and also the South China paleocontinent; whilst Devonian phacopids, and possibly proetids, suggest at least two generic‐level links with the North China paleocontinent. These different patterns may reflect the fragmentary biostratigraphical record of Japanese trilobites, but they also appear to reflect paleoenvironmental parameters associated with lithofacies, and paleoecology. Thus, Japanese assemblages of proetids and phacopids occurring in deep‐water clastic lithofacies have counterparts in similar settings in North China, and Japanese scutelluids and illaenids are strongly associated with shallow marine carbonate lithofacies that are similar to those of their occurrences in Australia. Japanese encrinurids occur in carbonate rocks indicative of shallow marine settings in the Kurosegawa Terrane, and they demonstrate a consistent paleobiogeographical affinity with Australia and South China. Larval ecology cannot be directly assessed for Japanese trilobite groups. However, proetids have consistently been shown to have planktonic protaspides, whereas illaenids, scutelluids, and encrinurids have benthic protaspides. Planktonic protaspides would have a greater propensity for distribution in ocean currents than benthic ones, and therefore may be of more limited paleobiogeographical utility. The combined data from the six different groups indicates that the complex paleobiogeographical patterns of the Japanese trilobite assemblages need to be interpreted with caution, and similarity of taxa does not necessarily denote paleogeographical proximity to other regions.     

Sedimentology,palaeoecology and geochronology of Last Interglacial deposits from Deeping St James,Lincolnshire, England

Pollen, plant macrofossil, molluscan and coleopteran data from organic muds below the low terrace of the River Welland at Deeping St James, Lincolnshire indicate deposition in the mixed oak forest phase of a Late Pleistocene interglacial. Coleopteran and molluscan data suggest summer temperatures up to 4°C warmer than at present in eastern England, and plant macrofossil material suggests a climate more continental than that of Britain in the Holocene. No direct analogue of this biota, however, exists currently in Europe. Biostratigraphical indications from the pollen coleoptera and Mollusca suggest an age in the Ipswichian Interglacial. Thermoluminescence dates between 120 ka and 75 ka and amino-acid ratios with a mean of 0.11 show that deposition of the sediments took place during Oxygen Isotope Stage 5. This accurate dating of a partial Ipswichian succession allows discussion of the ages of a number of other interglacial sites in eastern England of assumed Ipswichian age. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Radiolarian biostratigraphy in the Southern Bering Sea since Pliocene

Detailed radiolarian biostratigraphy in the Plio-Pleistocene was analyzed by using samples from IODP Site U1340 that was drilled to a core depth of 604 m in the southern Bering Sea. A total of 227 species belonging to 102 genera were identified. Based on the distributions of the radiolarian index species at Site U1340, five radiolarian zones since the Pliocene were established in the southern Bering Sea for the first time, and 25 radiolarian bioevents were recognized. Their ages were estimated on the basis of the age-depth plot that was constructed by the synthetical datum of the effective biostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic events. The radiolarian zones at Site U1340 were systematically compared with those in its adjacent regions since the late Early Pliocene, which further improved and interpreted the biostratigraphic datum as well as their correlations in the middle-high latitude of the North Pacific. In addition, the comparative results of radiolarian zones show that Botryostrobus aquilonaris Zone emended in this paper is equivalent to the upper part of the same zone defined by Hays, 1970, and Druppatractus irregularis-Dorydruppa bensoni Zone as well as Spongodiscus sp. Zone, newly proposed in this paper, are well correlated with Cycladophora sakaii Zone and Stylatractus universus Zone in the subarctic North Pacific, respectively.     

安徽巢湖地区下三叠统综合层序

印度阶一奥伦尼克阶界线的全球层型候选剖面之一位于安徽巢湖地区;巢湖地区的下三叠统也是国际上同期地层中生物地层序列最有代表性、多重地层学手段应用齐备、研究效果最好的地层序列之一。根据巢湖地区3条代表性下三叠统剖面的岩石地层、生物地层和碳同位素地层的最新研究成果归纳出本区早三叠世综合地层序列,作为区域地层对比研究的标准．巢湖的下三叠统明确包含8个牙形石带和6个菊石带。它们具有区域甚至全球对比意义;巢湖地区早三叠世碳同位素δ^13Ccarb的演变呈现2个显著的漂移周期,这种有特色的碳同位素漂移,不仅具有地层学价值,而且可能对于三叠纪初的生物复苏和生态系演变具有指导意义．在综合地层序列基础上,将3条剖面的古地磁学研究成果链接,形成了巢湖地区完整的早三叠世磁性地层序列,包括5个主要的正向极性带和5个反向极性带,这也是目前在本区乃至华南获得的最完整的早三叠世磁极性序列之一．这些为该区域乃至全球相关地层研究树立了一个基本格架。     

安徽巢湖地区下三叠统牙形石生物地层分带及其全球对比

安徽巢湖地区早三叠世处于下扬子碳酸盐岩缓坡较深水区域,地层序列完整、清晰,各类化石是区域乃至全球最为丰富、序列最为完整的,是研究国际早三叠世年代地层最经典地区之一．对安徽巢湖平顶山西坡剖面、平顶山北坡剖面、马家山南剖面系统采样和精细的牙形石生物地层研究结果表明,下三叠统至少可以划分为8个牙形石带,建立了在华南具有代表性的下三叠统牙形石生物地层序列,自下而上为（1）Hindeodus typicalis带;（2）Neogondolella krystyni-Neogondolella planata带;（3）Neospathodus kummeli带;（4）Neospathodus dieneri带;（5）Neospathodus iaageni带;（6）Neospathodus pingdingshanensis带;（7）Neospathodus homeri带;（8）Neospathodus anhuinensis带．并与世界其他地区同期地层进行精确对比,为建立下三叠统印度阶与奥伦尼克阶界线的全球层型（GSSP）提供可靠依据．     

海南岛含杜内早期腕足动物群层的发现

白沙县金波附近的 Spirifer subgrandis Rotai,Unispirifer extensus Tan,Fusella tornacensis (Koninck) ,Punctospirifer insculptus (Phillips) ,Marginatia huaqiaoensis Tan,Palaeochoristites sp.,Megachonetes sp.,Plicochonetes sp.,Schuchertella sp.,Pustula sp.,Sentisia sp.,Crurithyris sp.,Rhipidomella spp.等是海南岛首次发现的最丰富的杜内早期腕足动物群。据此 ,该地区含化石的南好组第四段确定为下石炭统岩关阶 ,似可与湖南马栏边组、黔南汤耙沟组等层位对比。以石燕贝类最繁盛、长身贝类数量少为特征的该动物群与华南其他地区同期腕足动物群存在诸多相同属种但又有明显差异。     

贵州桐梓红花园奥陶系湄潭组疑源类生物地层

桐梓红花园剖面奥陶纪地层出露完整,化石丰富,层序清楚。该剖面湄潭组5个笔石带中有疑源类化石31属49种,根据其组成和相对丰度不同划分为5个疑源类组合带:组合带的属、种较为单调,且丰度不高;组合带中Polygonium占优势,伴有Arbusculidium;组合带以大量Stelliferidium的出现为特征;组合带与组合带相似;组合带中Leiosphaeridia的含量比Polygonium高,产特征分子Coryphidiumelegans。桐梓红花园湄潭组疑源类组合与中欧、北非、中东、南亚、北美纽芬兰东部、南美等环冈瓦纳地区同期疑源类组合相似,证实华南地区属于环冈瓦纳疑源类古地理分区。部分奥陶纪疑源类分子,如Ampullulaerchunensis、Arkonia、Dicrodiacrodium和Leprotolypaevexa等在桐梓红花园剖面的首现(FAD)较全球其他地区早。