GIS在采煤沉陷区生态价值评价中的应用

以淮南市在采煤沉陷区生态治理规划中对规划区的生态价值评价为例,探讨了运用GIS技术和多源信息复合原理对规划区进行生态要素单因子评价和生态价值综合评价,选取评价因子包括地形因子、生态基质因子、植被因子及水环境保护因子。采用遥感与地理信息系统相结合的技术,建立与评价相关的基于GIS的基础数据平台,运用GIS的空间分析功能对规划区的生态价值进行分析和评估。通过对规划区各类生态因子的评价,深入了解规划区内生态价值的特征与空间分布,提取重要生态节点;为挖掘规划区生态建设潜力,实施生态治理和建设提供依据。     

利用GPS位移和主应力方向观测资料进行川滇地区边界力的联合反演研究

在简要介绍了川滇地区的构造格局和构造运动特征的基础上,讨论了不同观测数据同时用于反演的合理性和物理意义,利用1998~2000年观测的9个测点位移数据和1986年以前所测的10个主应力方向数据,将边界力和相对权比λ作为待反演参数,并考虑了主要活动断裂运动特性,进行了弹性有限元数值反演计算。计算结果表明,现今川滇地区的构造活动主要力源仍来源于印度板块与欧亚大陆的碰撞,菲律宾海板块的挤压作用也不可忽略,这一结论说明了该地区现今构造运动的继承性活动特征。     

GIS中地籍宗地面积的方差分量估计

探讨在地籍宗地数字化的面积处理问题中,把已知面积数据和数字化坐标同时作为观测值的面积处理方法.采用方差分量估计,解决已知面积数据参与平差时的权的确定.通过实例分析,认为采用条件平差方差分量估计方法来对宗地面积处理,能够更加合理地调整已有面积与由数字化坐标得到的面积值之间的差异.     

Automatic placement of GIS vector map annotation in area feature by long-diagonal

This paper discusses the placement of Chinese annotation from point of view of graphics. Area Feature is classified as simple polygon, complex polygon and special polygon. For simple ones, annotations are placed along the longest edge. For complex ones, firstly the polygon are simplified according to close points, then the longest diagonal is gotten by comparing length, lastly, annotations are placed along long-diagonal. For special ones, the polygon are partitioned into several parts by a certain rule for getting their sub-diagonals, then their annotation are placed by means of the second.     

旅游区划分在省级旅游地图中的应用实践

旅游地图是旅游业与旅游者认识空间的重要工具。随着旅游业的兴旺,旅游人口不断增加,旅游者的文化素质也在不断的提升,需要有更好品质的地图以满足其日益增长的需要,旅游地图的编制面临着空前的挑战。本文以黑龙江省旅游地图为例,根据省级旅游地图表示内容要求和设计中存在的问题,通过对旅游区的定义、划分原则和黑龙江省旅游图中的划分实践,为省级旅游图设计提供一个新的思路。     

无人机遥感技术在江苏海域和海岛动态监视监测中的应用研究

本文介绍了传统海域动态监视监测存在的问题,分析了无人机遥感系统在海域动态监视监测中的应用优势,提出将我省海域无人机在海域和海岛监视监测中应用解决方案,同时对该系统在海洋其他领域中的应用前景进行了展望.     

Monitoring the built-up environment of Shanghai on the street-block level using SAR and volunteered geographic information

ABSTRACT

In this geo-statistical analysis of change detection, we illustrate the evolution of the built-up environment in Shanghai at the street-block level. Based on two TerraSAR-X image stacks with 36 and 15 images, covering the city centre of Shanghai for the time period from 2008 to 2015, a set of coherence images was created using a small baseline approach. The road network from Open Street Map, a volunteered geographic information product, serves as the input dataset to create street-blocks. A street-block is surrounded by roads and resembles a ground parcel, a real estate property – a cadastral unit. The coherence information is aggregated to these street-blocks for each observation and the variation is analysed over time. An analysis of spatial autocorrelation reveals clusters of similar behaviours. The result is a detailed map of Shanghai highlighting areas of change. We argue that the aggregation and grouping of synthetic aperture radar coherence image information to real-world entities (street-blocks) is comprehensible and relevant to the urban planning process. Therefore, this research is a contribution to the community of urban planners, designers, and government agencies who want to monitor the development of the urban landscape.     

Using a simulation analysis to evaluate the impact of crop mapping error on crop area estimation from stratified sampling

ABSTRACT

To analyze the efficiency of area estimations (i.e. estimation accuracy and variation of estimation) impacted by crop mapping error, we simulated error at eight levels for thematic maps using a stratified sampling estimation methodology. The results show that the estimation efficiency is influenced by the combination of the sample size and the error level. Evaluating the trade-offs between sample size and error level showed that reducing the crop mapping error level provides the most benefit (i.e. higher estimation efficiency). Further, sampling performance differed based on the heterogeneity of the crop area. The results demonstrated that the influence of increasing the error level on estimation efficiency is more detrimental in heterogeneous areas than in homogeneous ones. Therefore, to obtain higher estimation efficiency, a larger sample size and lower error level or both are needed, especially in heterogeneous areas. We suggest that existing land-cover maps should first be used to determine the heterogeneity of the area. The appropriate sample size for these areas then can be determined according to all three factors: heterogeneity, expected estimation efficiency, and sampling budget. Overall, extending our understanding of the impacts of crop mapping error is necessary for decision making to improve our ability to effectively estimate crop area.     

浅析《三峡库区地图集》的设计特点与主要技术

详细论述了《三峡库区地图集》的内容结构与编排体系的设计特点、版面设计与表达创新,以及图集制作的主要技术问题和处理方法。     

固体潮对三峡地区地壳垂直形变和重力变化的影响分析

利用IERS协议上的方法和DE405星历文件,基于三峡地区CORS站和重力台站位置,计算了从2011年到2015年6月固体潮每2 h对三峡地区地壳垂直形变和重力变化的影响,并计算了2012年12月14日大潮期间固体潮影响分布。研究发现,三峡地区固体潮有很强的周期性,存在半月和半年的长周期、一天和半天的短周期。三峡地区农历每月月中和月底前后有2次大潮,月中和月底的大潮潮差相差约1/4;每年冬季（月球赤纬28°36',约11、12、1月）和夏季（约5、6、7月,太阳高度角接近最大）大潮潮差大,春季和秋季大潮潮差小。大地高最大潮高0.346 m,最低潮高-0.190 m（参考历元2000.0）;固体潮对重力与对垂直形变影响异相,最大值110 μGal,最小值-200 μGal。区域固体潮呈明显的条带分布,固体潮对垂直形变与重力变化影响的增减方向相反。本文的研究成果可用于CORS站、重力台站的固体潮影响分析,为局部固体潮相关研究提供参考。