Environmental awareness,the Transition Movement,and place: Den Selvforsynende Landsby,a Danish Transition initiative

The Transition Movement, originating in Ireland and the United Kingdom, gathers and supports community-led actions to meet the global challenges of climate change, peak oil and energy descent. In our study we analysed a Transition Network project, a Danish village built from scratch by its inhabitants and named the Self Sufficient Village (SSV). Employing the theories of constructed landscapes and place attachment, we studied how the Transition Movement ideology shaped the constructed landscape of the village and influenced the inhabitants’ attachment. The research team, following the grounded theory approach, conducted a field study staying in SSV. We collected data with focus groups, individual interviews and participatory observations, taking part in daily life of the community. The analysis revealed three, intertwined themes which altogether create the constructed landscape of SSV. They were named Community, Ideology, and Individual impact, respectively. Our findings showed that the community and strong social ties were predominant factors in shaping place attachment. Transition ideology and environmental awareness, although less pronounced, still turned out to be vital for the feelings of belongingness and empowerment, resulting in a positive impact of the village on the local scale. Using our case study as an example we discuss the importance of environmental concern and place attachment for similar grass-root initiatives.     

A new hydrous phase δ-AlOOH synthesized at 21 GPa and 1000 °C

A new phase of AlOOH (tentatively called δ-AlOOH) was synthesized at 21?GPa and 1000?°C and its crystal structure was identified by a powder X-ray diffraction method. Rietveld refinement revealed that this aluminum oxide hydroxide has an orthorhombic unit cell, a?=?4.7134(1) Å, b?=?4.2241(1) Å, c?=?2.83252(8) Å, V?=?56.395 (5) ų, and Z?=?2 in the space group of P2₁?nm. A calculated density is 3.533?g?cm^?3, which is about 4.48 and 15.04% denser than that of diaspore and boehmite, respectively. The δ-[Al_0.86Mg_0.07Si_0.07]OOH is also stable at 21?GPa and 1000?°C, coexisting with majorite and phase egg, and its cell parameters are a?=?4.710(1) Å, b?=?4.215(1) Å, c?=?2.839(1) Å, and V?=?56.37(1) ų.     

过渡内蕴模态函数对经验模态分解去噪结果的影响研究及改进算法

经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition, EMD)是一种具有较大应用潜力的去噪算法.目前,该算法存在的一个较大问题是过渡内蕴模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Function, IMF)中混叠噪声不能有效处理.过渡内蕴模态函数中混叠噪声不易剔除,限制了该算法的应用.本文针对此问题,通过研究过渡IMF的特点,首次提出一种有效去除过渡IMF中混叠噪声的方法.该方法首先对原信号进行一次EMD处理,得到包含过渡IMF的初步去噪结果,并将其与合适的余弦信号结合,改变其包络分布,然后对其结果再次进行EMD处理,仿真实验表明该方法在保留有效信号的同时,可以有效的去除过渡IMF中混叠的噪声,并将该方法用于实际地震资料随机噪声压制,处理效果令人满意.     

Crystal chemistry of wadsleyite II and water in the Earth’s interior

Wadsleyite II is a variably hydrous magnesium-iron silicate phase similar to spinelloid IV and a potential host for H in the Transition Zone of the Earths mantle. Two separate samples of wadsleyite II synthesized at 17.5 GPa and 1400°C and at 18 GPa and 1350°C have been characterized by electron microprobe, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, visible, IR, Raman, and Mössbauer spectroscopies, and transmission electron microscopy including electron energy-loss spectroscopy. The two samples have the following chemical formulae: Mg_1.71Fe_0.18Al_0.01H_0.33Si_0.96O₄ and Mg_1.60Fe_0.22Al_0.01 H_0.44Si_0.97O₄. Mössbauer spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) indicate that about half of the iron present is ferric. Refinement of the structures shows them to be essentially the same as spinelloid IV. Calculated X-ray powder diffraction patterns show only subtle differences between wadsleyite and wadsleyite II. The hydration mechanism appears to be protonation of the non-silicate oxygen (O2) and possibly the oxygens surrounding the partially vacant tetrahedral site Si2, charge-balanced by cation vacancies in Si2, M5 and M6. The unit cell volume of this phase and its synthesis conditions indicate that it may be an intermediate phase occurring between the fields of wadsleyite and ringwoodite, if sufficient trivalent cations are available. The unit cell parameters have been refined at pressures up to 10.6 GPa by single-crystal X-ray diffraction in the diamond anvil cell. The refined bulk modulus for the sample containing 2.8 wt% H₂O is 145.6 ± 2.8 GPa with a K of 6.1 ± 0.7. Similar to wadsleyite and ringwoodite, hydration has a large effect on the bulk modulus. The presence of this phase in the mantle could serve to obscure the seismic expression of the phase boundary between wadsleyite and ringwoodite near 525 km. The large apparent effect of hydration on bulk modulus is consistent with hydration having a larger effect on seismic velocities than temperature in the Transition Zone.     

成都市近50 a气候年代际变化特征及其热岛效应

文章应用高斯九点滤波、年际变化斜率分析、两组样本平均值差异的显著性检验方法等统计方法,分析了成都市近50 a来的气温、降水、相对湿度、云量、大雾日数等气象要素资料,同时分析了成都市及其所辖13个区(市)县气象站的气象资料以及成都市城市规模变化(城市建成区面积、工业废气排放总量以及人口变化等)相关的资料。研究结果表明,在1980s末1990s初,成都市气候发生了转折性的变化,出现明显的热岛效应和干岛效应,这与成都市的城市化进程有着非常紧密的联系。文章对成都城市气候的影响因素作了初步尝试性的分析。     

Between difference and adjustment - The re-/presentation and implementation of post-socialist (communist) transformation

Since the collapse of the communist regimes some 15 years ago, the at first rather simplistic assumptions about the quite similar nature of the ‘other side’ of the Iron Curtain soon were revealed as such. The conditions in the different countries proved to be much more complex and differentiated, making policies more difficult to target and outcomes to predict than initially presumed and propagated. As it emerged, the process of ‘transition’, has thus emerged as a multidimensional, complex phenomenon of ‘transition’, shaped by a set of overlapping and intersecting variables, pointing to the need for a more detailed understanding and interpretation of the changes observed. And this includes the use of terminology, even such fundamental terms as ‘post-/socialism’ versus ‘post-/communism’ or ‘transition’ versus ‘transformation’. These differences reflect variations in the perception and implementation of post-communist regimes, as viewed and interpreted from both within and without the relevant countries or regions. And this is illustrated by the collection of papers in this special issue.     

Comparison of two approaches for generation of daily rainfall data

There has been extensive research on the problem of stochastically generating daily rainfall sequences for use in water management applications. Srikanthan and McMahon [Australia Water Resources Council, Canberra, 1985] proposed a transition probability matrix (TPM) model that performs better for Australian rainfall than many alternative models, particularly where long records (say 100 years) are available. Boughton [Report 99/9, CRC for Catchment Hydrology, Monash University, Melbourne, 21pp, 1999] incorporated an empirical adjustment into the TPM model that allows the model to reproduce the observed variability in the annual rainfall. More recently, Harrold et al. [Water Resour Res 39(10, 12):1300, 1343, 2003a,b] proposed nonparametric models for the generation of daily rainfall occurrences and rainfall amounts on wet days. By conditioning on short, medium and long-term characteristics, this approach is also able to preserve the variability in annual rainfall. In this study, the above two approaches were used to generate daily rainfall data for Sydney and Melbourne, and the results evaluated. Both approaches preserved most of the daily, monthly and annual characteristics that were compared, with the nonparametric approach providing marginally better performance at the cost of greater model complexity. The nonparametric approach was also able to preserve the variability and persistence in the annual number of wet days.     

SOME EXAMPLES OF TRANSITION SPANS MINERALIZING AND ANALYSIS OF THEIR DYNAMICS

The transitional span is a special environment for deposits. Taking peat, oil-gas, metallic deposits as examples, this paper discusses the spatial-temporal transitional characteristics of mineralization in transitional regions, points out the importance of the mineralization in transition spans, and analyses their dynamics finally.     

SOME EXAMPLES OF TRANSITION SPANS MINERALIZING AND ANALYSIS OF THEIR DYNAMICS

The transitional span is a special environment for deposits. Taking peat, oil-gas, metallic deposits as examples, this paper discusses the spatial-temporal transitional characteristics of mineralization in transitional regions, points out the importance of the mineralization in transition spans, and analyses their dynamics finally.     

APPLICATION OF BED EVOLUTION MODELS OVER LOOSE AND RIGID AREAS

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