泾阳Ms4.8地震磁效应的高阶统计量方法研究

以陕西关中地区泾阳、乾陵、周至3个地磁台站的地磁场垂直分量(Z)日均值及3个台站地磁场垂直分量变化与1998年1月5日泾阳Ms4．8地震之间关系为基础,探讨利用高阶统计量分析方法提取与地震活动相关的震磁信息。结果表明,在震前3个月,3个台站的三阶矩(三阶累积量)异常变化幅度在10～20,四阶矩异常幅度在120以上,最高达到260,四阶累积量异常幅度在80～105,与加卸载响应比法结果对比发现,高阶统计量方法在突出震前中长期地磁异常方面具有一定的优越性,提出在震磁效应统计分析研究中引入高阶统计量方法的必要性及其在地震预报中的潜力和良好前景。     

Ground settlement monitoring based on temporarily coherent points between two SAR acquisitions

An InSAR analysis approach for identifying and extracting the temporarily coherent points (TCP) that exist between two SAR acquisitions and for determining motions of the TCP is presented for applications such as ground settlement monitoring. TCP are identified based on the spatial characteristics of the range and azimuth offsets of coherent radar scatterers. A method for coregistering TCP based on the offsets of TCP is given to reduce the coregistration errors at TCP. An improved phase unwrapping method based on the minimum cost flow (MCF) algorithm and local Delaunay triangulation is also proposed for sparse TCP data. The proposed algorithms are validated using a test site in Hong Kong. The test results show that the algorithms work satisfactorily for various ground features.     

延庆盆地地下水水化学特征统计分析

基于2008年枯水期地下水采样数据共计65个样本点,对水质组分进行了分层统计,并进行了地下水质量评价。此外,开展了TDS、Ca2＋、NO3-和硬度与取样深度的相关性分析。结果表明,垂向上,延庆盆地地下水由浅到深,地下水水质逐渐变好;横向上,上游地下水水质好于中游,中游好于下游;深层地下水已经出现较差和极差点。     

地下水化学背景值研究中的异常值判定与处理

根据吉林省地下水化学背景值调查背景值确定出现的水化学异常问题,应用数理统计原理,并结合水文地球化学特征,讨论了判定和处理异常值方法的科学性与适用性。     

Cross-correlation analysis of seismic and volcanic data at Mt Etna volcano,Italy

Seismic data from the MVT-SLN sesmic station located 7 km from the summit area of Mt Etna volcano, which has been operating steadily for the last two decades, have been analysed together with the volcanic activity during the same period. Cross-correlation techniques are used to investigate possible relationships between seismic and volcanic data and to evaluate the statistical significance of the results. A number of significant correlations have been identified, showing that there is an evident relation between seismic events and flank eruptions, and a less clear relation with summit activity, which appears more linked to tremor rather than to the low-frequency events. Particularly interesting are the low-frequency events whose rate of occurrence increases, starting from 17 to 108 days, prior to the onset of the flank activity and are candidates for a useful precursor. On the other hand, a tendency towards the increase in both the duration and the occurrence rate of transients in the volcanic tremor was observed before the onset of summit eruptions. As a result of this study different stages in the volcanic activity of Mt Etna, represented by changes in the characteristics of the recorded seismic phenomena, are identified.     

国家社会经济统计地理信息系统的设计与实现

介绍了国家社会经济统计地理信息系统的设计与实现思路，提出了以空间数据为集线器统一集成社会经济统计数据的方法，并探讨了国家社会经济统计地理信息系统对GIS技术应用和统计信息产业化的影响。     

怀柔太阳观测基地数据流量统计系统设计与实现

基于数据流量的统计功能是评判数据产地应用服务的一项指标;统计不同类型观测数据的使用、共享情况,可为分析数据的使用需求提供参考。因此,设计观测数据流量统计系统具有较强的应用价值。基于中国科学院国家天文台怀柔太阳观测基地的数据服务,以LAMP为开发环境,设计了数据流量实时统计及定时入库、数据流量查询功能、流量可视化功能(包括直方图显示和饼状图显示)等功能模块,以流量统计层、数据层、业务层及用户层4个层次为结构框架,实现了统计及查询任意时段内多种仪器观测的多种数据传输至各用户单位的流量功能,系统具有统计精确、多个关键字进行完整查询、显示直观、扩展性强等优点,能够满足当前及未来应用需求,对其它数据产地的多类型数据的流量统计具有可用性。     

近年来中国统计气象学的新进展

近年来，统计气象学在中国取得了长足的进展。其中主要有：将熵原理用于气象学，从而建立了熵气象学；引进了忆及过去时次资料的记忆函数，导出了大气运动的自忆性方程；将模糊数学引入气象学；将非线性动力学用于气候学研究，提出了一系列相空间预报模式；将车贝雪夫多项式推广到不规则格点，提出了一种新的时间序列预报的迭代算法；应用子波分析方法进行气候学研究；将Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ判别分析用于气象预报，研究了二次判别及逐步判别等问题；将中国科学家提出的灰色系统理论和多层递阶方法引入气象预报。此外，还引进了复经验正交分解、奇异值分解、投影追踪、主振荡模态分析等较新的统计学方法。这些方法都已在气象业务预报中发挥了作用     

Using GIS and statistics to study influences of geology on probability features of surface soil geochemistry in Northern Ireland

The probability features of non-normality and non-lognormality are widely observed in geochemistry due to the influences of multiple factors that are difficult to quantify and model. In Northern Ireland, the pseudo-total concentrations of 14 elements (Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb and Zn) from 6138 topsoils were measured, and GIS mapping showed that the spatial distribution of these data were in line with the spatial distribution of geology in the area. Investigations into the influences of geology on the concentration data and their probability features were carried out using GIS and statistics in this study. The whole raw data sets for each element were positively skewed and none of them followed either normal or lognormal distributions. Logarithmic transformation was found to have “over-transformed” most of the data sets, changing their skewness from positive to negative values. When soil samples were classified by rock type using a GIS overlay function, obvious differences were observed in the chemical concentrations of soils derived from different rock types. Soils in basalt areas displayed the highest concentrations for most elements under study (Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P and Zn) but the lowest concentrations for K, while the highest levels for Cd and Pb occurred in the shale areas. Classifying soils by rock type produced more normally distributed data sets, especially for the igneous rock areas. To restrain the influence of soil type and land cover, samples from both gleys and pastures were extracted via a GIS and it was found the data sets then showed generally greater tendencies towards normality. However, many of the data sets would still not pass a test for normality unless the sample size was small (e.g. of the order of a couple of hundreds). Geology, soil type, land cover and sample size all played important roles in determining soil chemical concentrations and their probability features. However, the influences from other factors were still evident. Attempts made in this study show that it remains a challenging task in geochemistry to separate all the factors and to model their influence at the regional scale.     

STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS ON TROPICAL CYCLONES LANDFALL IN CHINA

With the data from the Tropical Cyclone Yearbooks between 1970 and 2001, statistical analyses were performed to study the climatic features of landfall TCs (noted as TCs hereafter) in China with particular attention focused on landfall frequency, locations, sustaining, decaying, transition, intensification and dissipation etc. The results indicate that the sustaining periods of TC over land are quite different for different landfall spots, and increased from Guangxi to Zhejiang. The most obvious decreasing of TC intensity occurs mainly within 12 hours after landfall. The stronger a TC is，the more it decays. The areas over which TCs are dissipated can be in Heilongjiang, the northernmost, and Yunnan, the westernmost. Besides, Guangxi is an area with high dissipating rate and subject to TC dissipation as compared with the other coastal regions.