三维扫描仪协同GNSS-RTK在复杂地形测量中的应用研究

建设工程进行过程中施工现场地形复杂且呈现动态变化,施工过程中工程实体形度和施工操作对周围环境造成的影响都需要进行监控测量,建设工程施工测量是复杂地形测量的代表。本文讨论复杂地形监控测量过程中利用三维激光扫描测量的快速获取数据,获取到的据利用专业的处理软件处理后获得监控测量物体的立体成像结果,再利用全球导航卫星系统实时动态载波相位差分技术(GNSS-RTK)辅助测量监控点的空间坐标变化以及高程差。两者协同应用可以既快速又准确的进行复杂地形的监控测量。     

GNSS虚拟仿真教学系统设计与实现

GNSS卫星导航与定位一直是测绘工程专业的主要必修课之一。为了协助学生们能够更好地学习GNSS导航应用的相关知识,提高实际的仪器操作技能,本文设计了GNSS虚拟仿真教学系统,通过3DS MAX对GNSS仪器设备和测量场景等进行三维模型构建,并基于AE动画渲染,利用C++语言进行仿真系统开发,实现了仪器介绍,安装演示,静态作业,RTK作业以及参数计算等功能,探索了虚拟仿真教学应用模式,取得了一定的教学成果。     

应用气象卫星识别薄云覆盖下的水体

本文根据地物光谱特性和卫星的信号接收原理，提出了一种利用气象卫星识别水体的简单而有效的方法，使得薄云覆盖下的水体和云影中的水体得到较好的识别效果。在洪水监测中使用该方法，可以充分利用气象卫星数据获取丰富的洪水动态信息．并以１９９１年江淮洪涝灾害为背景，对试验结果进行了分析．     

Role of Antarctic ice mass balance in present-day sea-level change

The Antarctic ice sheet is arguably the most critical in terms of future sea-level rise, primarily because it contains 70% of the world's fresh water. While there exists evidence of accelerated ice-sheet ablation during the past decade, the possibility that the ice sheets contributed little to 20th century sea-level rise could result in Antarctica becoming the largest contributor to sea-level rise during the 21st century. Here we review the findings of studies published following the 2007 Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) study, focusing on the role of Antarctica in present-day (1992–2006) sea-level rise. We show that the choice of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) model significantly affects GRACE-estimated Antarctic mass loss, adding 0.25–0.45 mm/yr to the estimate of sea-level rise. The current estimate of Antarctica's contribution to sea-level rise has a wide range: from −0.12 to +0.52 mm/yr. The discrepancy between observed sea-level trend of 1.8 mm/yr and those estimated from various geophysical sources (2.10 ± 0.99 mm/yr) is 0.30 mm/yr. The role of Antarctica in sea-level rise might be better constrained by lengthening satellite observations, using long-term GPS data to discriminate subglacial vertical motion from ice mass balance, and detecting the sea-level signal due to elastic loading from the melting ice-sheets.     

西北区野外地质调查中北斗卫星通讯与定位技术应用研究

在分析北斗一号卫星导航定位系统应用特点的基础上,介绍了基于北斗一号卫星通讯与定位技术的野外地质调查工作组网架构、野外地质调查工作管理与服务平台,并对北斗卫星系统在西北区野外地质调查中的应用进行分析总结。      

北斗卫星技术在数字地质调查系统中的集成开发与应用

在深入了解"北斗一号"导航卫星系统技术特点的基础上,结合地质调查工作流程,研究"北斗一号"导航卫星系统与数字地质调查系统集成的关键技术和实现方式以及系统的应用推广模式。研究表明,基于"北斗一号"卫星系统与GPS的双模式位置报送机制,可以为野外地质调查人员提供稳定的位置服务;北斗终端与手机的短信互通,在无手机网络的艰险地区也可与外界保持实时沟通。基于北斗导航卫星的DGSInfo系统可实现驻地实时监控和指挥,有助于野外应急事件的快速响应和处置,在中心节点可实现全局监控,为管理部门指挥调度和决策提供依据。GSIGrid野外地质调查管理服务与安全保障系统可在固定节点实现对移动节点的移动轨迹和通讯信息实时监控,并能与野外驻地和移动目标进行互动通讯,为野外地质调查人员提供查询服务,为突发事件应急处置的管理与决策提供数据支持。集成系统在东昆仑1:50000区调项目示范应用中取得了良好效果。      

应用多种来源重力异常编制中国海陆及邻区空间重力异常图及重力场解读

本文通过分析陆地实测空间重力异常数据、海洋船载测量空间重力异常数据、卫星测高重力异常,布格重力异常数据、EGM2008地球重力模型数据等多种来源数据的性质和精度,并对相关数据进行对比,研究了编制1:500万中国海陆空间重力异常图的数据使用方案和技术方法.在地形较为平坦、实测数据分布均匀的陆区,使用实测数据,在地形复杂,实测数据稀少以及没有实测数据的陆区或岛屿,利用布格重力异常反推空间异常的方法合成平均空间重力数据,西藏地区的数据对比实验证明合成平均空间重力异常数据是一种有效的数据补充.利用三观测列方差分解法在南海地区对船载测量空间重力数据和美国SS系列及丹麦DNSC08GRA卫星重力数据进行了方差分解计算,结果表明不同来源的卫星测高重力数据具有很大的一致性,数据精度较以往有了很大的提高.海区空间重力数据使用原则是在船载重力测量数据校准下,全面使用卫星测高重力数据进行编图.海陆过渡区的异常处理应以EGM2008地球重力模型重力场为基准参考场,实现海陆异常平缓过渡,无缝连接.对中国海陆空间重力异常场进行了小波变换处理,对空间重力异常场进行了解读,勾画出三横四竖的一级重力梯级带及其所围限的8个一级重力异常区,并划分了二级重力异常区和梯级带,为块体构造学体系中大地构造格架的建立提供了地球物理证据.     

Evaluating and correcting rain effects on dual-frequency altimeter Jason-1 wind measurements

Rain is one of the main sources of error in dual-frequency altimeter Jason-1 wind measurement. In this study, a new radar altimeter backscatter model is proposed and validated to eliminate rain effects. The model takes into account attenuation, volume backscattering, and sea surface perturbation by raindrops under rain conditions. A match-up dataset is built to evaluate rain effects, in combination with the Jason-1 normalized radar cross section, precipitation radar data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, and sea surface wind reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. The results show that rain-induced surface perturbation backscatter increases with rain rate at Ku-band, but their correlation at C-band is poor. In addition, rain surface perturbation and attenuation have major effects onradar altimeter wind measurements. Finally, a rain correction model for Jason-1 winds is developed and validation results prove its ability to reduce rain-induced inaccuracies in wind retrievals.     

A comparison of GOCE gravitational models with EGM2008

Four new gravity field models from GOCE, two of them combined with GRACE, are compared here with EGM2008. The objectives are to look into the differences in consecutive ranges of the spherical harmonic expansion globally as well as in selected geographical regions and in the regions of the various data sources used for EGM2008. In general, GOCE is able to contribute to improved global gravity models in the spherical harmonic range between 120 and 200 (and above). The agreement between EGM2008 and the GOCE models is very good in well-surveyed regions such as North America, Europe and Australia, with geoid RMS-differences on the order of 4–6 cm. In other regions, where the surface gravity data available for the development of EGM2008 were poor, such as South America, Africa, South-East Asia or China the RMS-differences are on a level of 30 cm. Here GOCE leads to a significant improvement. These findings are confirmed by the analysis of the areas of the various EGM2008 data sources. In the regions of the so-called “fill-in” data of EGM2008 RMS-geoid height differences are high. In Antarctica GOCE also gives important improvements in terms of spatial resolution and accuracy. In general, the agreement between EGM2008 and the GOCE-models up to degree and order (d/o) 200 is good, with a global (excluding the polar gaps of GOCE orbits, throughout) geoid difference RMS of 11 cm, in the ocean areas 8 cm and 20 cm in the continental areas. GOCE models are better suited for ocean circulation studies because no prior ocean information enters into the data reduction process, as it is the case when deducing gravity anomalies from an altimetric mean sea surface. On the other hand, the good consistency between GOCE-models and EGM2008 in ocean areas very likely indicates that the influence of ocean circulation information on EGM2008 is rather small. The four tested GOCE models behave similarly except at the highest latitudes where GOCE lacks data due to its orbit inclination of 96.5° and some form of regularization which has to be applied.     

地震应急卫星通信系统远端小站的故障诊断与处理

本文对地震应急卫星通信系统进行了简要介绍.针对系统运行过程中遇到的远端小站的各类故障进行了诊断分析.文中主要通过介绍设备状态及链路层状态两方面,来对如何解决此类故障问题提出了处理方案.