S-wave velocity structure in Tangshan earthquake region and its adjacent areas from joint inversion of receiver functions and surface wave dispersion*

Using the seismic records of 83 temporary and 17 permanent broadband seismic stations deployed in Tangshan earthquake region and its adjacent areas (39°N–41.5°N, 115.5°E–119.5°E), we conducted a nonlinear joint inversion of receiver functions and surface wave dispersion. We obtained some detailed information about the Tangshan earthquake region and its adjacent areas, including sedimentary thickness, Moho depth, and crustal and upper mantle S-wave velocity. Meanwhile, we also obtained the v_P/v_S structure along two sections across the Tangshan region. The results show that: (1) the Moho depth ranges from 30 km to 38 km, and it becomes shallower from Yanshan uplift area to North China basin; (2) the thickness of sedimentary layer ranges from 0 km to 3 km, and it thickens from Yanshan uplift region to North China basin; (3) the S-wave velocity structure shows that the velocity distribution of the upper crust has obvious correlation with the surface geological structure, while the velocity characteristics of the middle and lower crust are opposite to that of the upper crust. Compared with the upper crust, the heterogeneity of the middle and lower crust is more obvious; (4) the discontinuity of Moho on the two sides of Tangshan fault suggests that Tangshan fault cut the whole crust, and the low v_S and high v_P/v_S beneath the Tangshan earthquake region may reflect the invasion of mantle thermal material through Tangshan fault.     

一种基于层析成像技术提高浅地表面波勘探水平分辨率的方法

在高频面波方法中,水平分辨率是指水平方向上分辨异常体的能力.异常体在水平方向上的长度可用水平方向上横波速度的异常尺度来确定.面波多道分析（MASW）方法被广泛应用于浅地表横波速度结构的探测,然而该方法确定的横波速度是整个检波器排列的平均计算结果,因此水平分辨率较差.另外,采用共中心点（CMP）多次覆盖的方式采集数据亦增加了野外的工作量.我们在MASW方法的基础上,应用面波层析成像方法,提出一套提高面波勘探水平分辨率的完整方法的技术流程.首先,利用波场分离技术获得准确的基阶或高阶模式面波,采用相位扫描的互相关方法测量多道面波记录中任意两道之间的面波走时;然后根据面波层析成像方法,获得高分辨率的各目标网格内的纯路径相速度频散曲线;最后反演所有目标网格内的纯路径相速度频散曲线,得到研究区域的拟二维横波速度结构.这套方法具有一定的抗噪能力,理论上它可以准确地提取相邻两道之间面波的相速度频散曲线;同时由于该方法最少只需要1个排列就可以获得拟二维横波速度结构,因此它显著减小了野外工作量.理论模型和实际资料都证实了这套方法可有效提高面波勘探的水平分辨率.     

基于频率-贝塞尔变换法的关东盆地S波速度成像

将一种新的方法——频率-贝塞尔变换法（F-Jmethod）应用于日本NIED在关东盆地布设的MeSO-net台网的背景噪声数据中,证明频率-贝塞尔变换法可以有效地从背景噪声中提取高阶频散曲线.利用提取的基阶和高阶频散曲线反演关东盆地区域的沉积层和地震基岩层的S波速度结构,并将我们反演得到的S波速度结构与Koketsu等提出的日本综合速度结构模型进行对比讨论.我们的例子证明,在基阶面波的基础上,高阶面波能减少在反演中的非唯一性,得到更为准确的S波速度结构.     

基于模拟退火法的青藏高原东缘噪声层析成像研究

青藏高原是全球造山带研究的热点地区,此前在青藏高原开展的三维层析成像研究大多基于线性反演方法.本文利用青藏高原东缘及邻区布设的127个宽频带固定地震台站记录的连续波形资料,首先通过噪声互相关提取了3～50sRayleigh波群速度频散曲线并反演得到群速度分布,再进一步采用模拟退火法反演了研究区的三维S波速度及泊松比结构.结果显示:(1)松潘—甘孜地块的中下地壳低速异常主要分布在龙日坝断裂带、鲜水河断裂带、龙门山断裂带和岷山隆起所围限的区域,而该区域的中下地壳仅具有中等泊松比值,推测松潘—甘孜地块中下地壳的低速物质可能是青藏高原与扬子块体长期相互作用产生的塑性低速滑脱层;上地壳脆性物质在板块作用下沿中地壳低速滑脱层顶界面发生逆冲增厚,造成龙门山的持续抬升和地形起伏,并在构造边界带形成了应变积累和应力集中;而龙门山断裂带的上地壳低速软弱物质为地壳发生破裂提供了有利条件,从而在某种程度上促进了汶川地震和芦山地震的发生.(2)岷山隆起一带中下地壳的高泊松比异常呈"凸起"形态,结合前人研究发现的较高热流和岩石快速抬升现象,推测岷山隆起一带可能存在岩石圈的拆沉,导致地幔热物质上涌而形成下地壳高泊松比物质.(3)川滇地块的北部和南部具有不同的S波速度和泊松比分布特征.30km深度下川滇地块北部具有明显的低速异常,而该深度下并不具有明显的高泊松比值特征;此外剖面成像结果也显示川滇地块内的低速异常与高泊松比的分布不一致,因此川滇地块的研究结果不支持下地壳流模型.综合其他地震学证据,本文认为川滇地块的变形模式为上地壳纯剪切增厚,块体变形主要受块体内部的走滑断裂及活动边界断裂控制.     

Sensitivity analysis on measurement noise in the identification of soil properties from vertical array observation data

This study clarified the effects of measurement noise on identification of soil properties from vertical array observation of seismic waves. In order to evaluate the sensitivity of the unknown parameter with respect to error caused by noise, the amplitude of a transfer function was used to formulate the evaluation function in the frequency domain. Also the logarithmic amplitude was used to formulate the evaluation function and compare the sensitivity between the two types of amplitude expressions. A numerical experiment, based on a simple-structured ground model, showed that these evaluation functions produced satisfactory results which were in good agreement with identified results obtained by the measurement data contaminated by artificially generated errors. The present theory, when applied to actual earthquake records, proved useful in evaluating the influence of the non-linearity of soil characteristics. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.