波形模板匹配定位方法在北京地区的应用

在地震学研究中，高效的微震检测方法是既重要又具有挑战性的问题。本文对波形模板匹配检测方法、匹配定位技术、波形自相关检测技术进行详细介绍和对比，对国内外应用实例进行总结，并展望微震检测方法应用前景和发展趋势。利用基于图形处理器加速的匹配定位技术和双差地震定位法，对北京地区19个台站记录的2015年连续地震资料进行分析。基于中国地震台网中心提供的地震目录，筛选出245个地震事件作为模板事件，检测得到1229个地震事件，约为地震台网原始地震目录数量的5倍。精定位结果可显示小震沿黄庄-高丽营断裂周边小断裂分布形态特征，本文微震检测和定位结果可为研究北京地区地震活动性与发震断层深部构造提供基础数据支撑。     

长江三峡工程区微震的观测与研究

通过长江三峡库首区沿江段、盐关和仙女山断裂带３个小孔径台网近３年的地震强化观测，发现该地区同时存在着天然地震和矿山地震。其中黄陵背斜轴部结晶花岗岩体内没有观测到极微震活动；西缘秭归香溪至龙马溪一带存在着百余次微震，最高震级为ＭＬ２．５级盐关地震，与这一带的矿山开采有关；东缘宜昌石门附近也分布有数次微震；在黄陵背斜外围区域分布着若干３～４级（ＭＬ）弱震。这些地震的发生基本上反映了该地区的弱活动构造格局     

永登5.8级地震前几项测震学指标的异常分析

对１９９５年７月２２日永登ＭＳ５．８地震前几项测震学指标的变化进行了分析，发现该次地震前有４项测震学指标有明显异常，它们是小震活动增强、背景性空区、小震活动条带及前兆震群     

应用小震调制比方法对山西地区中强震预测

采用小震调制比对山西地区的地震活动趋势进行研究,得知未来3年内可能于1999年到2000年前后在太原盆地南端和大同盆地南端发生5．5～6．0级中强震。     

Improvements on particle swarm optimization algorithm for velocity calibration in microseismic monitoring

In this paper,we apply particle swarm optimization(PSO),an artificial intelligence technique,to velocity calibration in microseismic monitoring.We ran simulations with four 1-D layered velocity models and three different initial model ranges.The results using the basic PSO algorithm were reliable and accurate for simple models,but unsuccessful for complex models.We propose the staged shrinkage strategy(SSS) for the PSO algorithm.The SSS-PSO algorithm produced robust inversion results and had a fast convergence rate.We investigated the effects of PSO's velocity clamping factor in terms of the algorithm reliability and computational efficiency.The velocity clamping factor had little impact on the reliability and efficiency of basic PSO,whereas it had a large effect on the efficiency of SSS-PSO.Reassuringly,SSS-PSO exhibits marginal reliability fluctuations,which suggests that it can be confidently implemented.     

煤矿冲击地压的微地震监测研究

为了研究煤矿冲击地压与岩层在三维空间破裂之间的关系,进而探索依据岩层破裂规律预测和预报冲击地压的可能性,文中采用自行研制的防爆型微地震定位监测（MS）系统,基于定位原理,监测了山东华丰煤矿冲击地压煤层（四层煤）及其解放层（六层煤）开采过程中的岩层破裂过程和二次应力场分布变化的过程,得到了如下结论：冲击地压的发生与岩层破裂密切相关,四层煤下顺槽处于六层煤顶板破裂区的外边缘时,正处于高应力区内,在此处掘进容易引发冲击地压,必须将六层煤下顺槽位置向实体煤侧移动20 m以上,或将四层煤下顺槽位置内移20 m以上,才能消除四层煤的冲击地压;六层煤和四层煤开采时,工作面前方断层活化的距离分别为250 m和350 m左右,根据这一距离,及时对断层带进行卸压处理,可以消除由断层带引发的冲击地压;监测显示了工作面周围岩层的三维破裂形态和范围,为矿井确定防水煤柱的高度提供了可靠的依据;监测证明了厚层砾岩的破裂、断层活化、采场附近关键层的破裂是引起冲击地压的主要原因,证明了所研制的硬件和定位软件具有较高的精度和实用性,可以在煤矿和边坡、隧道等领域应用.     

An application of waveform denoising for microseismic data using polarization–linearity and time–frequency thresholding

Noise suppression or signal‐to‐noise ratio enhancement is often desired for better processing results from a microseismic dataset. In this paper, a polarization–linearity and time–frequency‐thresholding‐based approach is used for denoising waveforms. A polarization–linearity filter is initially applied to preserve the signal intervals and suppress the noise amplitudes. This is followed by time–frequency thresholding for further signal‐to‐noise ratio enhancement in the S transform domain. The parameterisation for both polarization filter and time–frequency thresholding is also discussed. Finally, real microseismic data examples are shown to demonstrate the improvements in processing results when denoised waveforms are considered in the workflow. The results indicate that current denoising approach effectively suppresses the background noise and preserves the vector fidelity of signal waveform. Consequently, the quality of event detection, arrival‐time picking, and hypocenter location improves.     

3D waveform inversion of downhole microseismic data for transversely isotropic media

3D anisotropic waveform inversion could provide high-resolution velocity models and improved event locations for microseismic surveys. Here we extend our previously developed 2D inversion methodology for microseismic borehole data to 3D transversely isotropic media with a vertical symmetry axis. This extension allows us to invert multicomponent data recorded in multiple boreholes and properly account for vertical and lateral heterogeneity. Synthetic examples illustrate the performance of the algorithm for layer-cake and ‘hydraulically fractured’ (i.e. containing anomalies that simulate hydraulic fractures) models. In both cases, waveform inversion is able to reconstruct the areas which are sufficiently illuminated for the employed source-receiver geometry. In addition, we evaluate the sensitivity of the algorithm to errors in the source locations and to band-limited noise in the input displacements. We also present initial inversion results for a microseismic data set acquired during hydraulic fracturing in a shale reservoir.     

Preliminary analysis of crustal shear-wave splitting in the Sanjiang lateral collision zone of the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau and its tectonic implications

The collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates, to the east of the eastern Himalayan syntaxes, forms the Sanjiang lateral collision zone in the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau, where there are intense crustal deformation, active faults, earthquakes, as well as a metallogenic belt. Given the lack of adequate seismic data, shear-wave splitting in this area has not been studied. With seismic data from a temporary seismic linear array, as well as permanent seismic stations, this paper adopts the identification on microseismic event to pick more events and obtains shear-wave splitting parameters from local earthquakes. From the west to the east, the study area can be divided into three subzones. The “fast” polarization (i.e. the polarization of the fast shear wave) varies gradually from NNW to NS to NNE in these three subzones. The time delay of the slow shear wave (i.e. the time difference between the two split shear waves) also increases in the same direction, indicating the presence of seismic anisotropy above 25 km in the crust. Both shear-wave splitting parameters are closely related to stress, faults and tectonics. The scatter and the “dual” (i.e. two) dominant orientations of the fast polarizations at several stations indicate strong distortions caused by nearby faults or deep tectonics. The anisotropic parameters are found to be related to some degree to the metallogenic belt. It is worth to further analyse the link between the anisotropic pattern and the metallogenic area, which suggests that shear-wave splitting could be applied to study metallogeny. This paper demonstrates that the identification on microseismic event is a useful tool in detecting shear-wave splitting details and exploring its tectonic implications.