辽北太古宙块状硫化物矿床

辽北太古宙由花岗岩-绿岩带组成。绿岩生成于岛弧构造环境,时间在3.0—2.8Ga,火山岩属拉斑玄武质及钙碱性火山岩。花岗岩在绿岩之后侵入,具多旋回特点。块状硫化物矿床与长英质火山岩有关,具有2—3含矿层位,透镜状矿体数目较多,未发现管状细脉带。矿石中Cu>Zn>>Pb,具有明显贫铅的特点,Cu×100/Cu+Zn为88—25。矿床类型属活火山型火山热液矿床。成矿温度为350—250℃,压力为9.5—4.0MPa,fo_2为10~(-30)-10~(-44)Pa,fs_2为2.57×10~(-9)-8.13×10~(-14)Pa,pH值为4.5—5。共生有阿尔戈马型铁矿与火山成因金矿。块状硫化物矿床遭受变质、变形、伟晶岩的改造,并在主褶皱幕期迭生与基性岩有关的热液多金属矿化。     

Hydrogen incorporation in enstatite in the system MgO–SiO2–H2O–NaCl

The incorporation of hydrogen in enstatite in a hydrous system containing various amounts of NaCl was investigated at 25 kbar. The hydrogen content in enstatite shows a clear negative correlation to the NaCl-concentration in the system. The most favourable explanation is the reduction of water fugacity due to dilution. Other reasons for the limited hydrogen incorporation at high NaCl levels, such as a significant influence of Na⁺ on the defect chemistry or an exchange between OH^- and Cl⁻in enstatite, appear much less important. A partition coefficient D _Na ^En/Fluid = 0.0013 could be determined, demonstrating that Na is less incompatible in enstatite than H. The new results support the idea that dissolved components have to be considered when the total hydrogen storage capacity in nominally anhydrous minerals is estimated, especially in geological settings with high levels of halogens, such as subduction zones.     

The effect of metal complexation on hydrogen sulfide transport across the sea-air interface

Hydrogen sulfide dissolved in surface seawater is distributed into free forms which include the volatile neutral H₂S and its conjugate anions, and also into a set of involatile metal complexes. Calculation of the sulfide fraction capable of supporting sea-air flux is sensitive to large uncertainties in complexation equilibrium relationships, both for the sulfides themselves, and for organic ligands competing with them to coordinate dissolved copper. Saturation can be achieved relative to the troposphere if metal interactions are minimized, or if strong sulfide binders are titrated.     

Rotation velocity and neutral hydrogen distribution dependency on magnetic field strength in spiral galaxies

The rotation velocity of a simulated plasma galaxy is compared to the rotation curves of Sc type spiral galaxies. Both show flat rotation curves with velocities of the order of several hundred kilometers per second, modified by E × B instabilities. Maps of the strength and distribution of galactic magnetic fields and neutral hydrogen regions, as-well-as as predictions by particle-in-cell simulations run in the late 1970s, are compared to Effelsberg observations.Agreement between simulation and observation is best when the simulation galaxy masses are identical to the observational masses of spiral galaxies. No dark matter is needed.     

Research Progress of Leaf-wax Hydrogen Isotope Paleoaltimetry

Leaf waxes/lipids which are derived from terrestrial higher plants are ubiquitous in fluvial, lake, and marine sediments. N-alkanes are an important component of leaf waxes. Modern leaf wax n-alkanes from terrestrial higher plants are characterized with long chains with 27 to 33 carbon atoms (nC₂₇-nC₃₁) and high carbon preference index (CPI) values (>5). The hydrogen isotopes in n-alkanes are determined by meteoric water compositions, which makes them a potential proxy in paleoaltimetry studies. The lapse rates at which n-alkane hydrogen isotopes in modern soils change with altitude vary in different areas, implying that local calibration has to be conducted. The enrichment due to evapotranspiration and difference in fractionation during biosynthesis also influence n-alkane hydrogen isotopes values. When using long-chain n-alkanes to reconstruct paleoaltitude, many factors such as paleoclimate, paleolatitude and paleobotany should be considered.     

新疆西天山哈勒尕提铁铜矿床流体包裹体和氢氧同位素特征及其成矿意义

哈勒尕提铁铜矿床位于新疆西天山博罗科努多金属成矿带,矿体呈似层状、透镜状产于晚泥盆世中酸性侵入体与上奥陶统碳酸盐岩接触带上,是一个典型的矽卡岩矿床。本文从流体包裹体和氢氧同位素研究入手,讨论了成矿流体的特征、来源和演化及其与成矿的关系。岩相学观察表明,本矿床热液矿物中流体包裹体存在5种类型:富液相气液两相盐水包裹体(Ⅰ类)、含子矿物多相包裹体(Ⅱ类)、富气相气液两相盐水包裹体(Ⅲ类)、纯液相水包裹体(Ⅳ类)和纯气相水包裹体(Ⅴ类)。其中,Ⅰ类包裹体数量最多,各阶段热液矿物中均有发育;Ⅱ类包裹体数量较少,只见于进化交代蚀变阶段的石榴石和早退化阶段的绿帘石中;Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ类包裹体数量最少,主要发育于晚退化阶段的石英和方解石中。流体包裹体显微测温表明,从进化交代蚀变阶段→早退化阶段→晚退化阶段,成矿流体经历了从高温(404~562℃)、中-高盐度(11.1%~51.6%NaC leqv)、中-低密度(0.47~0.80g/cm~3)到中-高温(207~465℃)、中-低盐度(2.9%~44.1%NaC leqv)、中-低密度(0.64~0.89g/cm~3)再到中-低温(117~337℃)、低盐度(1.6%~4.5%NaC leqv)、中-高密度(0.90~0.97g/cm~3)的演化过程。氢氧同位素研究表明,进化交代蚀变阶段和早退化阶段的成矿流体主要源于岩浆水,晚退化阶段则有大气降水的加入。根据流体包裹体岩相学特征,结合矿床宏观地质特征,认为流体不混溶(沸腾)是导致本矿区金属沉淀成矿的主要机制。     

东山湾表层沉积物中8项化学要素的地球化学特征

本文根据1988年泰山湾调查资料,对该湾表层沉积物中有机质、重金属等8项化学要素进行了地球化学研究.结果表明,该湾表层沉积物的化学成分主要来源于(?)江径流携带的陆源物质,其分布呈北部和西部高,并向东南部递减的趋势。潮流是影响该湾化学要素分布的重要因素.有机质与多数元素有明显的正相关.污染物质含量较低.     

台湾地区湖泊水库悬浮颗粒有机质之碳、氢、氧、氮、硫元素计量分析

对台湾地区１８个湖泊水库水体中悬浮颗粒有机质之碳，氢，氧，氮，硫和叶绿素α的含量进行了分析，其中ＰＯＯ乃首度以元素分析仪直接测量。结果为，ＰＯＣ，ＰＯＨ，ＰＯＯ，ＰＯＮ，ＰＯＳ含量分别介于１３８－８３７０μｇ／Ｌ，１３．７－９２６．１μｇ／Ｌ，３１－２６２３μｍ／Ｌ，１４－１２６５μｇ／Ｌ，１．９－４９．７μｇ／Ｌ之间，Ｃｈ１．ａ含量则介于０．３１－９６．７５μｇ／Ｌ之间，ＰＯＭ元素间原子数关系为     

埕东泡沫复合驱HPAM溶液黏度影响因素及对策研究

在油田现场复合体系的注入过程中,用回注污水配制的聚合物溶液黏度逐步下降至1～5 mPa.s,影响了现场试验效果。通过研究污水水质状况、腐蚀性、现场使用的各种化学剂以及泡沫驱体系引入的各因素对聚合物溶液黏度的影响,确定了聚合物黏度下降的主要因素,即污水中含有硫化氢（负二价硫）是造成井口注聚黏度低的主要原因。分析认为,负二价硫的来源主要是由于泡沫剂在硫酸盐还原菌的作用下转化产生的。根据聚合物黏度变化规律和降解机理,开展了聚合物黏度保留措施研究,并开展了聚合物降解抑制剂和氧化脱硫技术的现场试验。现场试验结果表明,配注聚合物溶液黏度可保持在15 mPa.s以上,增黏效果明显,对于注聚驱提高注入质量和效果具有指导意义。     

四川鲜水河-安宁河断裂带温泉氢氧稳定同位素特征

温泉地下水同位素特征对确定断裂带地下水来源、循环过程和断裂带活动性至关重要。为了确定青藏高原东缘温泉的地下水同位素特征和流体来源本研究采集了鲜水河-安宁河断裂带上温泉水、冷泉水、河流和积雪融水等样品,进行了氢氧稳定同位素和水化学组分测定,并进行了同位素特征的对比研究。分析结果表明,温泉水体δ¹⁸O变化范围为-19.04%~-12.71‰,平均值为-16.42‰;δ²H变化范围为-144.07‰~-88.63‰,平均值为-122.37‰。河水的δ¹⁸O变化范围为-15.90‰~-10.85‰,平均值为-13.86‰;δ²H变化范围为-118.21‰~-71.12‰,平均值为-98.99‰。康定冷泉δ¹⁸O和δ²H分别为-13.66‰和-106.74‰。道孚积雪融水的δ¹⁸O和δ²H分别为-10.27‰和-65.41‰。不同类型水体样品氢氧稳定同位素组成主要分布在全球和区域大气降水线上表明了大气降水成因,缺少明显的氧同位素漂移特征。不同类型水体同位素值差异较大显示出温泉与河水、积雪融水之间补给来源的不一致性。温泉同位素值具有明显的同位素高程效应,鲜水河-安宁河断裂带上氧同位素高程效应为-0.23‰/100m,氢同位素高程效应为-1.95‰/100m。温泉氧同位素漂移与相关离子比值、Na-K-Mg三角图、Li和Sr元素等指标表明研究区域大部分温泉的水岩作用强度弱。氢氧稳定同位素特征、水岩作用特征和循环深度揭示出温泉的成因为远距离大气降水运移补给地下水,地下水在地下热储层加热后通过断裂上升到地表形成温泉,这为认识青藏高原东缘地热水循环、断裂带活动性与演化特征提供了依据。