温盐度对厦门港春季主要桡足类呼吸率影响的实验

作者对2000年4～6月的厦门港春季主要桡足类中华哲水蚤(Calanussinicus)、太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartiapacifica)和真刺唇角水蚤(Labidoceraeuchaeta)的呼吸率(以Vo     

青岛神泉天然矿泉水的发现及其地质意义

1989年12月,在青岛胶州市张应镇北4km处,发现了青岛神泉天然矿泉水。该矿泉水赋存于鲁东橄榄安粗岩系中的玄武质岩石中,属锶、硅酸复合型低钠低矿化度重碳酸钙型矿泉水。后经进一步研究发现:(1)围域橄榄安粗岩系中其它岩类的地下水,往往均可构成锶、硅酸复合型矿泉水;(2)随着岩石时代变新,其地下水pH值增高,偏硅酸含量增高,而锶含量降低,锶和偏硅酸构成负相关。这一发现不仅拓宽了天然矿泉水的找寻靶区,而且限制了其类型分布,具重要而广阔的示踪意义和指导意义。同时,隐示了广泛分布橄榄安粗岩系的胶莱地区,可能成为我国又一新的天然矿泉水田区。     

东海海域溶解氧垂直分布最大值的分析研究

本文讨论了１９８７年５～６月东海海域溶解氧垂直分布及其氧最大值分布特征。结果表明，春末在东海北部、中部的中层存在明显的溶解氧垂直分布最大值。氧最大值与冷水同存。本文对氧最大值及垂直结构与冷暖水入侵和温跃层关系进行了初步分析     

Seasonal Changes in Oceanic pCO2 in the Oyashio Region from Winter to Spring

We observed the partial pressure of oceanic CO₂, pCO₂ ^sea, and related surface properties in the westernmost region of the subarctic North Pacific, seasonally from 1998 to 2001. The pCO₂ ^sea in the Oyashio region showed a large decrease from winter to spring. In winter, pCO₂ ^sea was higher than 400 μatm in the Oyashio region and this region was a source of atmospheric CO₂. In spring, pCO₂ ^sea decreased to extremely low values, less than 200 μatm (minimum, 139 μatm in 2001), around the Oyashio region with low surface salinity and this region turned out to be a strong sink. The spatial variations of pCO₂ ^sea were especially large in spring in this region. The typical Oyashio water with minimal mixing with subtropical warm water was extracted based on the criterion of potential alkalinity. The contribution of main oceanic processes to the changes in pCO₂ ^sea from winter to spring was estimated from the changes in the concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon and nutrients, total alkalinity, temperature and salinity observed in surface waters in respective years. These quantifications indicated that photosynthesis made the largest contribution to the observed pCO₂ ^sea decreases in all years and its magnitude was variable year by year. These year-to-year differences in spring biological contribution could be linked to those in the development of the density stratification due to the decrease in surface salinity. Thus, the changes in the surface physical structure could induce those in pCO₂ ^sea in the Oyashio region in spring. Furthermore, it is suggested that the direction and magnitude of the air-sea CO₂ flux during this season could be controlled significantly by the onset time of the spring bloom. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Has the 1998 regime shift also occurred in the oceanographic conditions and lower trophic ecosystem of the Oyashio region?

To examine whether the regime shift in 1998 that has been variously reported to have occurred in the oceanographic conditions of the central and eastern North Pacific also occurred in the Oyashio region, western North Pacific, we compared data over the period 1990–2003. Oceanographic conditions were compared before 1997 with those after 1998, using the A-line dataset (1990–2003) obtained by the oceanographic surveys of the Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research Agency (HNFRI/FRA). Seasonal changes of the monthly-mean SST (as temperature in the surface layer) show a significant increase in spring after 1998. After 1998, the mean concentration of chlorophyll a at the surface was higher in spring than that before 1997. This was more remarkable in the main current of the Oyashio. These changes suggest that the spring phytoplankton bloom in the Oyashio region after 1998 was larger in magnitude and initiated earlier. Consumption of nutrients during the spring bloom and standing stock of netplankton also shows a distinct difference between the time period before 1997 and after 1998. These results support the occurrence of the regime shift around 1998 in the Oyashio region. The changes of hydrographical conditions accompanying with the 1998 regime shift are discussed. The hydrographic mechanism of enhancement of primary productivity during the spring phytoplankton bloom was not fully clarified, though. Results in this study may support the usefulness of the A-line dataset for analysis of long-term variability in the western subarctic Pacific.     

导管架平台桩基贯入深度的两级模糊模式优选模型

桩基础是海洋导管架平台结构中的重要组成部分，其贯入深度对海洋平台的造价和运营期间的安全性能起着重要的影响。本文在考虑桩－土之间相互作用非线性特性的基础上，采用非线性等效弹筑模拟海底土层对桩基的作用，对桩基进行有限元分析。由于影响海洋导管架平台桩基础贯入深度的因素很多，而且有些因素带有很大的模糊性，本文采用两级模糊模式优选模型对影响因素进行综合评判，最后得出了适合给定荷载和海底地条件下最为合理的桩基贯入深度方案，具有一定的工程应用价值。     

Nitrogen, Silicon and Zooplankton Controlling the Baltic Spring Bloom: An Experimental Study

The importance of nitrogen, silicon and grazing for the development of the planktonic spring bloom of the transition area between the Baltic Proper and the Gulf of Finland was studied in a laboratory experiment. Water for this experiment was collected prior to the onset of the spring bloom in early April 1991. At this time, inorganic nutrient concentrations were still at their annual maxim. In the experiment, conducted in plastic tanks, the nitrate level was doubled and silicate level tripled by single and combined additions. One tank was filtered with a 100 μm net to exclude large grazers of phytoplankton. Two unmanipulated controls were used. The tanks were maintained at +2 °C for a 3 week period in 12 h of daylight (60 μE m⁻²s⁻¹), during which time their nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics were followed. All added inorganic nitrogen was swiftly taken up inducing rapid phytoplankton growth; consequently, available phosphorus must have met the needs of growth. The results showed the limiting nature of nitrogen on the maximum primary productivity and chlorophyll aconcentration. Silicate additions affected the structure of the phytoplankton assemblage by promoting specifically the growth of the diatomChaetoceros holsaticusSchütt, which produced resting spores at later stages of the bloom, whileChaetoceros wighamiiBrightwell was the dominant diatom species in other tanks. The absence of large grazers had no effect on phytoplankton dynamics.     

Alternation of the Atmospheric Teleconnections Associated with the Northeast China Spring Rainfall during a Recent 60-Year Period

Northeast China(NEC) is China’s national grain production base, and the local precipitation is vital for agriculture during the springtime. Therefore, understanding the dynamic origins of the NEC spring rainfall(NECSR) variability is of socioeconomic importance. This study reveals an interdecadal change in the atmospheric teleconnections associated with the NECSR during a recent 60-year period(1961–2020). Before the mid-1980s, NECSR had been related to a Rossby wave train that is coupled with ex...     

黔东南两次冷锋低槽型降水对比分析

利用常规气象观测资料,分析对比2016年8月31日—9月1日与9月9—10日黔东南地区出现的一般性降雨和区域性暴雨天气过程。探讨两次过程降雨发生发展的天气学条件差异。结果表明:两次降水过程均属于冷锋低槽型降水,降水发生前,黔东南受热低压控制,以晴好天气为主,冷空气都是从西北路径入侵,锋面过境时地面辐合线触发降水的发生发展,降水带主要发生在中低层切变线附近,850 h Pa风速有所加强,但未达到急流强度,对降雨的强度有一定的制约。两次过程都存在降水范围大、时间长的特点。所不同的是:降水强度前者弱,后者强,两次降雨过程中低层影响的天气系统存在不同,8月31日降雨的低层影响系统为贵州西南部发展的低涡系统,黔东南上空850 h Pa形势场出现弱的辐合区;9月9日降雨的低层影响系统为明显的辐合性切变线,存在多个呈东北—西南向的以带状分布的对流系统。通过对两次冷锋低槽型降水讨论得出,黔东南冷锋低槽型暴雨预报应着眼于影响贵州的强涡度中心的建立和加强以及其移动路径。     

Changing Spring Phenology Dates in the Three-Rivers Headwater Region of the Tibetan Plateau during 1960–2013

The variation of the vegetation growing season in the Three-Rivers Headwater Region of the Tibetan Plateau has recently become a controversial topic. One issue is that the estimated local trend in the start of the vegetation growing season(SOS)based on remote sensing data is easily affected by outliers because this data series is short. In this study, we determine that the spring minimum temperature is the most influential factor for SOS. The significant negative linear relationship between the two variables in the region is evaluated using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer–Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data for 2000–13. We then reconstruct the SOS time series based on the temperature data for 1960–2013.The regional mean SOS shows an advancing trend of 1.42 d(10 yr)~(-1) during 1960–2013, with the SOS occurring on the 160th and 151st days in 1960 and 2013, respectively. The advancing trend enhances to 6.04 d(10 yr)~(-1) during the past 14 years. The spatiotemporal variations of the reconstructed SOS data are similar to those deduced from remote sensing data during the past 14 years. The latter exhibit an even larger regional mean trend of SOS [7.98 d(10 yr~(-1) )] during 2000–13. The Arctic Oscillation is found to have significantly influenced the changing SOS, especially for the eastern part of the region,during 2000–13.