Optical tomography of the aurora and EISCAT

Tomographic reconstruction of the three-dimensional auroral are emission is used to obtain vertical and horizontal distributions of the optical auroral emission. Under the given experimental conditions with a very limited angular range and a small number of observers, algebraic reconstruction methods generally yield better results than transform techniques. Different algebraic reconstruction methods are tested with an auroral are model and the best results are obtained with an iterative least-square method adapted from emission-computed tomography. The observation geometry used during a campaign in Norway in 1995 is tested with the are model and root-mean-square errors, to be expected under the given geometrical conditions, are calculated. Although optimum geometry was not used, root-mean-square errors of less than 2% for the images and of the order of 30% for the distribution could be obtained. The method is applied to images from real observations. The correspondence of original pictures and projections of the reconstructed volume is discussed, and emission profiles along magnetic field lines through the three-dimensionally reconstructed arc are calibrated into electron density profiles with additional EISCAT measurements. Including a background profile and the temporal changes of the electron density due to recombination, good agreement can be obtained between measured profiles and the time-sequence of calculated profiles. These profiles are used to estimate the conductivity distribution in the vicinity of the EISCAT site. While the radar can only probe the ionosphere along the radar beam, the three-dimensional tomography enables conductivity estimates in a large area around the radar site.Former address: MPE Garching     

全球地壳、上地幔电导率经向分布特征

计算了对应于各个ＵＴ小时的２４个经度带的Ｓ_q地下感应场对外部施感场的响应函数，应用Ｓｃｈｍｕｃｋｅｒ＇ｓＡｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｅＥｕｒｉｓｔｉｃ反演方法，计算了这些经度带的地下等效层及其电导率分布，得到了地壳－上地幔电导率经向分布的大致图案。对该结果的分析研究得出，全球电导率经向分布存在着极大的不均匀性，在０－４００ｋｍ深度范围内，太平洋和大西洋为低导区；欧亚大陆与美洲大陆为高导区。电导率分布特征与岩石层结构有明显的相关性：在俯冲带，低导区由海洋向大陆下插入；在大洋中脊表现为高导电性。反演结果与地震层析成像结果的比较表明，地下高电导区和低电导区的位置分别对应于地震波低速区和高速区。     

虚分量感应电磁法的一个变种

利用直流电法测量大地电导率,不仅其装备笨重给野外工作带来许多麻烦,而且测量信号中包含激发极化信号,测量数据不很准确。 目前采用的许多电磁感应法由于其异常值与电导率σ之间的函数关系很复杂,不能直观地看出其间的关系。所以,仅以异常值或相对异常值来表示不均匀体的响应,无疑是这类方法的一个缺点,不可能用地电断面的属性--电导率直接表示出异常值。     

三维感应测井响应计算的交错网格有限差分法

应用交错网格有限差分法计算三维复杂环境中的感应测井响应. 其中，利用Krylov子空间不变性求解离散得到的大型稀疏复对称线性方程组. 在构造Krylov子空间时使用其系数矩阵的伪逆以改善迭代的收敛性. 迭代中，使用不完全Cholesky分解共轭梯度法求解4个三维Poisson方程以得到新的Lanczos向量. 通常迭代不超过20次可得到理想结果. 另外，提出一种新的物质平均公式以计算电导率平均值，可保证电流守恒.     

Records of climatic changes and volcanic events in an ice core from Central Dronning Maud Land (East Antarctica) during the past century

The depth profiles of electrical conductance, δ¹⁸O,²¹⁰Pb and cosmogenic radio isotopes¹⁰Be and³⁶Cl have been measured in a 30 m ice core from east Antarctica near the Indian station, Dakshin Gangotri. Using²¹⁰Pb and δ¹⁸O, the mean annual accumulation rates have been calculated to be 20 and 21 cm of ice equivalent per year during the past ∼ 150 years. Using these acumulation rates, the volcanic event that occurred in 1815 AD, has been identified based on electrical conductance measurements. Based on δ¹⁸O measurements, the mean annual surface air temperatures (MASAT) data observed during the last 150 years indicates that the beginning of the 19th century was cooler by about 2‡ C than the recent past and the middle of 18th century. The fallout of cosmogenic radio isotope¹⁰Be compares reasonably well with those obtained on other stations (73‡ S to 90‡ S) from Antarctica and higher latitudes beyond 77‡N. The fallout of³⁶Cl calculated based on the present work agrees well with the mean global production rate estimated earlier by Lal and Peters (1967). The bomb pulse of³⁶Cl observed in Greenland is not observed in the present studies – a result which is puzzling and needs to be studied on neighbouring ice cores from the same region.     

尘埃等离子体微波衰减常数的理论分析

将固体火箭喷焰看作弱电离尘埃等离子体，在统计理论框架下，通过求解含碰撞项的Blotzmann方程和Shukla方程，给出了弱电离尘埃等离子体复电导率和衰减常数计算公式，提出了充电响应因子的概念.将固体火箭喷焰的有关参数代入计算表明，衰减常数同时受电子和尘埃粒子浓度以及尘埃粒子半径的影响.理论的分析与实验所观测到的现象一致.     

毛乌素沙地油蒿群落演替的生理生态学机制

对毛乌素沙地稀疏阶段、建成阶段和衰老阶段的油蒿群落的野外观测实验结果表明,不同演替阶段的油蒿群落对环境的适应性和生理生态特性表现出明显的差异。随群落盖度的增加,0—20 cm土层中土壤含水量明显增加,而在20—80 cm范围内有所下降。与稀疏阶段和建成阶段的油蒿群落相比,衰老阶段的油蒿群落的平均净光合速率低,光饱合点低,光能及水分利用效率最低,并且日变化过程也表现出受到了明显环境胁迫。在不同的演替阶段,油蒿的气孔导度与植物水势均呈线性相关。随植物水势的降低,处于衰老阶段的油蒿气孔导度降低速率最快。结合气孔导度和水分循环的关系,还初步探讨了毛乌素沙地油蒿群落演替的主要驱动因子。     

高温高压下角闪片麻岩的电导率研究

在1.0 GPa压力、343～962 K温度和0.1～106Hz频率的条件下,使用Solartron 1260阻抗-增益/相位分析仪对含角闪石的片麻岩从平行和垂直面理两个不同方向分别进行了电阻抗的测定,并且进一步分析了片麻岩的微观导电机制.高温高压实验结果表明:片麻岩的复阻抗对温度、频率表现出明显的依赖性.片麻岩的电导...     

《盐湖研究》合订本征订启事

<正>《盐湖研究》是原国家科委批准的学术类自然科学期刊,由中国科学院青海盐湖研究所主办,科学出版社出版,1993年创刊并在国内外公开发行。《盐湖研究》自公开发行以来,深受广大读者的厚爱,为了便于我刊读者和文献情报服务单位系统收藏,编辑部藏有94-95年、96-97年、98-     

长江中下游南京（宁）-芜湖（芜）段深部壳幔电性结构——宽频大地电磁测深研究

为了较全面、客观地认识南京(宁)-芜胡(芜)地区岩石圈深部结构,探讨岩石圈热结构和壳、幔物质状态等重要科学问题,为矿集区成矿作用和成矿规律的研究提供依据,我们完成了6条宽频大地电磁测深剖面。通过分析各剖面电性成像结果,讨论了研究区地壳-上地幔导电性的"拟三维"结构,发现测区普遍存在连续的下地壳-上地幔低阻层,仅在巢湖冲褶体断开。结合区域热流结果,我们认为下地壳-上地幔有较好的导电性,可能存在局部"熔融体"或"含水剪切断裂",其物质状态很可能是热的、软弱的。此外,我们通过物质状态和电性界面推断了上地幔隆起的位置和长江深断裂带的分布范围,认为长江断裂带不但存在,而且由多条北深南浅的断裂组成,较为复杂。