渗透各向异性圆形围堰稳态渗流场解析解

对渗透各向异性土层中的圆形围堰渗流场进行解析研究。将圆形围堰周围渗流场分为3个区域,通过坐标变换以及将边界条件齐次化后,用分离变量法分别得到柱坐标系下3个区域的水头分布级数解形式,结合区域间的连续条件,并利用贝塞尔函数正交性得到渗透各向异性土层中圆形围堰稳态渗流场的显式解析解,与Plaxis2D软件的计算结果进行对比,验证了解析解的正确性。基于解析解,进一步推导出了涌水量、出逸比降公式,并与不同方法的计算结果作了对比,最后对稳态渗流情况下的水压力进行了计算分析。结果表明：相比于其他近似法,解析解求取的流量、出逸比降以及渗流情况下水压力与数值计算结果高度吻合;渗流水压力会随着围堰半径、纵横向渗透系数比值的增大而减小,而后逐渐趋近于一个稳定值。     

Sensitivity Analysis of Multi-phase Seepage Parameters Affecting the Clayey Silt Hydrate Reservoir Productivity in the Shenhu Area, South China Sea

Natural gas hydrate (NGH) is an important future resource for the 21st century and a strategic resource with potential for commercial development in the third energy transition. It is of great significance to accurately predict the productivity of hydrate-bearing sediments (HBS). The multi-phase seepage parameters of HBS include permeability, porosity, which is closely related to permeability, and hydrate saturation, which has a direct impact on hydrate content. Existing research has shown that these multi-phase seepage parameters have a great impact on HBS productivity. Permeability directly affects the transmission of pressure-drop and discharge of methane gas, porosity and initial hydrate saturation affect the amount of hydrate decomposition and transmission process of pressure-drop, and also indirectly affect temperature variation of the reservoir. Considering the spatial heterogeneity of multi-phase seepage parameters, a depressurization production model with layered heterogeneity is established based on the clayey silt hydrate reservoir at W11 station in the Shenhu Sea area of the South China Sea. Tough + Hydrate software was used to calculate the production model; the process of gas production and seepage parameter evolution under different multi-phase seepage conditions were obtained. A sensitivity analysis of the parameters affecting the reservoir productivity was conducted so that: (a) a HBS model with layered heterogeneity can better describe the transmission process of pressure and thermal compensation mechanism of hydrate reservoir; (b) considering the multi-phase seepage parameter heterogeneity, the influence degrees of the parameters on HBS productivity were permeability, porosity and initial hydrate saturation, in order from large to small, and the influence of permeability was significantly greater than that of other parameters; (c) the production potential of the clayey silt reservoir should not only be determined by hydrate content or seepage capacity, but also by the comprehensive effect of the two; and (d) time scales need to be considered when studying the effects of changes in multi-phase seepage parameters on HBS productivity.     

珊瑚颗粒孔隙结构及渗流特性分析

珊瑚砂的孔隙结构对珊瑚砂的力学性质和渗透特性影响显著,采用高分辨率计算机断层扫描仪（computed tomography,简称CT）对珊瑚砂颗粒进行了扫描,建立了珊瑚砂颗粒的三维孔隙结构模型,并对孔隙的直径、体积、紧密度、球度进行了定量分析,采用数值模拟方法探究了松散堆积珊瑚砂及单颗粒珊瑚砂内孔隙结构的渗透特性。试验结果表明：孔隙数量随着孔隙直径的增加显著减少,且微孔数量较多,大孔数量较少;孔隙的直径与紧密度之间为幂函数关系,与球度之间则表现为线性关系。渗流分析结果显示,松散堆积珊瑚砂的渗透能力显示出各向异性,Z方向的绝对渗透率小于X、Y方向。珊瑚砂颗粒内的孔隙渗流速度较慢,不同颗粒之间渗流能力差距较大,部分颗粒不能发生渗流,且颗粒内孔隙的绝对渗透率仅占总绝对渗透率的1.26%。     

考虑非饱和浸润区的改进Green-Ampt模型

经典Green-Ampt入渗模型计算简单,广泛应用于土壤入渗问题的研究,但在湿润锋处理上采用明显的干湿分离界面,存在一定的理论假设。鉴于此,基于饱和区−非饱和浸润区分层模型,结合达西定律,推导出入渗过程中饱和区厚度与非饱和浸润区厚度关系的理论公式,提出了水分剖面理论模型,消除了饱和区厚度和浸润区厚度的关系假设。在此基础上,建立了考虑土壤水分剖面形状和非饱和浸润区等效参数的改进Green-Ampt模型,并采用试验和有限元数值仿真对该模型进行了验证,结果表明：该模型有很高的精度,对不同类型的土有很好的适应性。同时该模型求解简单,参数物理意义明确,便于工程应用。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西峰油田长81储层微观孔隙结构特征及其对水驱油特征的影响

针对鄂尔多斯盆地西峰油田长81储层孔隙结构非均质性强、含水上升快、注水压力较高等问题,应用粒度、物性、X射线衍射、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、常规压汞、真实砂岩微观水驱油模型等实验资料,探讨了储层微观孔隙结构特征及其与水驱油效率的关系。根据毛管压力曲线特征形态及相应参数的分析,将长81储层孔隙结构分为A类、B类、C类、D类4种类型。研究表明,4种类型的孔隙结构对应的储集空间不同,水驱油路径和驱油效率具有明显的差异。喉道半径大小及分布形态是影响水驱油效率的关键;渗透率和孔隙度越高驱油效率越高。同时,储层岩石孔隙结构越好,水驱油效率也越高。综合分析表明,应用微观孔隙结构特征与水驱油效率的关系为寻找相对优势储层和提高油藏认识提供了可靠依据。     

不同渗流强度对明渠水流结构影响的试验研究

关于明渠流引入渗流后的水流运动规律研究很多,但学者们的研究却存在着不同的结论。为探究不同渗流强度对明渠水流结构的影响,通过自行设计的明渠紊流水槽及渗透装置,利用PIV（Particle Image Velocity）图像采集系统及数据分析软件,测量了水流流速并分析了流速变化与相对渗流强度的关系。结果表明:水流流速并不是渗流强度的单值函数关系,随着入河渗流强度的增加,近底水流流速呈先减小后稍有增加,又继续减小的趋势;出河渗流时流速变化趋势与入河相反;出河及入河渗流都有着拐点的存在,且对应的相对渗流强度与雷诺数相关,雷诺数越大,拐点出现时对应的相对渗流强度越小。     

一次重庆特大暴雨过程的中尺度分析

利用NCEP格点再分析资料、地面实况资料、TBB资料以及雷达资料对2011年7月6 7日重庆大暴雨过程进行了分析研究。结果表明,此次暴雨过程中切变线附近发展起来的中尺度对流系统是暴雨产生的直接原因,且从动力、热力、水汽条件以及能量等方面分析表明重庆东北部已具备暴雨发生的有利条件。通过雷达产品的分析可知,两个阶段降水的中尺度特征不同:第一阶段降水,径向速度场上出现逆风区,对应逆风区的回波较强,雨强较大,且垂直风廓线VWP显示高空有偏西偏南的强风速带下传,从而形成较深厚的西南气流风场;第二阶段降水,径向速度场上出现强度不对称的"牛眼"结构,存在风速辐合,同时VWP显示中低层有深厚的冷空气楔入,使暖湿空气抬升,降水在经过短暂的减弱后再次加强。     

Cold seeps at the salt front in the Lower Congo Basin II: The impact of spatial and temporal evolution of salt-tectonics on hydrocarbon seepage

This study investigates the distribution and evolution of seafloor seepage in the vicinity of the salt front, i.e., the seaward boundary of salt-induced deformation in the Lower Congo Basin (LCB). Seafloor topography, backscatter data and TV-sled observations indicate active fluid seepage from the seafloor directly at the salt front, whereas suspected seepage sites appear to be inactive at a distance of >10 km landward of the deformation front. High resolution multichannel seismic data give detailed information on the structural development of the area and its influence on the activity of individual seeps during the geologic evolution of the salt front region. The unimpeded migration of gas from fan deposits along sedimentary strata towards the base of the gas hydrate stability zone within topographic ridges associated with relatively young salt-tectonic deformation facilitates seafloor seepage at the salt front. Bright and flat spots within sedimentary successions suggest geological trapping of gas on the flanks of mature salt structures in the eastern part of the study area. Onlap structures associated with fan deposits which were formed after the onset of salt-tectonic deformation represent potential traps for gas, which may hinder gas migration towards seafloor seeps. Faults related to the thrusting of salt bodies seawards also disrupt along-strata gas migration pathways. Additionally, the development of an effective gas hydrate seal after the cessation of active salt-induced uplift and the near-surface location of salt bodies may hamper or prohibit seafloor seepage in areas of advanced salt-tectonic deformation. This process of seaward shifting active seafloor seepage may propagate as seaward migrating deformation affects Congo Fan deposits on the abyssal plain. These observations of the influence of the geologic evolution of the salt front area on seafloor seepage allows for a characterization of the large variety of hydrocarbon seepage activity throughout this compressional tectonic setting.     

Generalized Hoek-Brown solution of circular tunnel considering effects of axial stress and seepage forceEI北大核心CSCD

This paper studies the joint effect of seepage force and axial stress on the stress and displacement of circular tunnel. The circular tunnel is simplified as an axisymmetric model and the seepage field is simplified as volumetric force in the stress field. The excavation cross-section of surrounding rock is assumed as a plane as well, and an axial stress perpendicular to the plane is further introduced. Nonlinear solutions for the stress and displacement of circular tunnel are deduced considering the joint effect of axial stress and seepage force, based on the generalized Hoek-Brown failure criterion and the non-associated flow rule in elastic-brittle-plastic rock mass. Numerical simulations are also employed to analyze the distribution of stress field and displacement field in plastic zone of a circular tunnel under the joint effect of axial stress and seepage force. The calculated results show that the displacement in plastic zone increases significantly with the gradient increment of the seepage pressure, compared with the situation without seepage force. The radius and stress of surrounding rock in plastic zone increase when axial stress is the intermediate principal stress, while the radius and stress have less change when axial stress is the major or minor principal stress. It can be concluded that the seepage force has negative effects on the stability of circular tunnel, and the axial stress significantly influences the stress and displacement of the circular tunnel, especially in water-rich areas. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the joint effects of axial stress and seepage force to ensure the stability of circular tunnel in water-rich area.