鲜水河断裂带康定段雅拉河断裂深部应力应变状态及其孕震环境

鲜水河断裂带位于青藏高原东缘,是中国大陆内部地震活动性最强的大型左行走滑断裂之一,揭示其深部应力状态与应变是认识孕震环境和评估断裂带地震危险性的重要依据。本文选择鲜水河断裂带未来强震危险性较高的康定段作为研究对象,聚焦雅拉河断裂带内的糜棱岩,通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜（SEM）的显微构造分析、粒度统计、石英组构和Ti含量测试,确定石英递进变形过程中差应力的变化和不同阶段的变形温度,构建鲜水河断裂带康定段的地壳强度剖面。观测结果显示,糜棱岩在抬升过程中石英发生颗粒边界迁移（GBM）、亚颗粒旋转（SGR）和膨凸重结晶（BLG）三种类型的变形机制。构建的地壳强度剖面显示,雅拉河断裂带应变速率约为6.08×10^-13~1.62×10^-11s^-1,脆韧性转化带发生在~12.5±2.5km深度,该处岩石极限强度~145.5MPa。实际岩石强度（μ=0.383）小于理论破裂摩尔圆（μ=0.85）的岩石强度发育应变弱化。当韧性变形阶段由位错蠕变形成的应变局部化以及细粒化等机制降低岩石的强度至临界条件时,会导致破裂频次的增强,应力释放发生地震。同时,位错蠕变引起的应变弱化导致岩石强度降低,使高应力无法积累。     

江南造山带西南段摩天岭穹隆脆韧性剪切与铀成矿作用

在造山带构造体制转换环境下,铀元素的活化、迁移和沉淀富集过程多与脆韧性剪切带的递进发育过程紧密相关。鉴于此,详细的区域和矿田构造解析是正确理解铀矿床成因的关键。华南江南造山带及其周缘分布着大面积低温铀矿床,既有晚古生代铀矿床,又有后期叠加的新生代铀矿床,均受脆韧性剪切转换带控制。华南铀矿床成矿作用具有多期叠加成矿特点,以往对单个铀矿床成矿地质和赋矿特征的研究较多,但对铀成矿作用与区域地质、构造体制及其剪切转化关系的系统研究则较为薄弱,造成对矿床成因认识很不统一,制约了对这一区铀成矿作用的深入理解。为深入了解这类铀矿床的形成机制,本文选取了摩天岭穹隆376矿床和374矿床两种不同地质特征的代表性铀矿床开展研究。通过详细地构造解析,我们认为摩天岭穹隆至少发育了五期构造变形,分别为新元古代(～820Ma)(D1期)近东西向褶皱与同构造岩浆侵位、加里东期顶部向NW的逆冲(453～426Ma)(D2期)、后加里东期NE走向的正向韧性剪切(426～295Ma)(D3期)、燕山晚期-喜马拉雅期的脆-韧性伸展(87～47Ma)(D4期)及喜马拉雅期以来的构造隆升与剥蚀(47Ma～至今)(D5期);结合显微构造与电子探针分析,认为D3期和D4期为关键铀成矿期。通过系统野外调查,以构造地质解析为主线,对新元古代三防花岗岩体及其周缘主要含矿构造与典型铀矿床的关系进行了详细解析,提出了摩天岭两种类型铀矿床由脆韧性递进变形控制的统一铀成矿模式,以期对华南铀矿勘查工作提供借鉴。     

The impact of crustal rheology on natural seismicity: Campi Flegrei caldera case study

We analyze the crustal rheology beneath the active resurgent Campi Flegrei caldera(CFc) in Southern Italy by modelling the 3 D brittle-ductile(B/D) transition, based on available thermal, geological and geophysical data. Firstly, the thermal field in the conductive physical regime is modeled using a finite element method; based on an optimization tool, this method is applied to evaluate the location and dimensions of the deep thermal source beneath the caldera. A horizontally-extended thermal anomaly located at about 5000 m depth below sea level is identified beneath Pozzuoli Bay, a part of the CFc. The same isotherm is located at a depth of 20,000 m beyond the caldera. This indicates a higher horizontal temperature gradient in the caldera with respect to the surrounding area. Next, we utilize this thermal model to image the 3D rheological stratification of the shallow crust below the caldera with two different values of strain rates. Within the caldera, the B/D transitions with ε equal to 10^-12 s^-1 and 10^-8 s^-1 are located at 3000 m and 5000 m depths, respectively. Outside the caldera, the transition is very deep(15,000-20,000 m), seemingly uninfluenced by the thermal state of the CFc volcanism. Finally, we compare these results with the spatial distribution of earthquake hypocenters, Benioff strain release and b-value distribution to investigate the relationship between crustal rheology and seismicity characteristics. Our analysis reveals that the image of the B/D transition is in agreement with the distribution of earthquake hypocenters, constraining the potential seismogenic volume of the region. Our study demonstrates that knowledge of the rheological state of a volcanic system is an important element to interpret its dynamic, forecast future activity and improve evaluation of the associated seismic hazard.     

Some observations on brittle-ductile toggle

In low temperature deformation of polymineralic rocks the constituent minerals often show contrasting deformation mechanisms. In naturally deformed arkoses, feldspathic quartzites and grits under greenschist to almandine-amphibolite fades condition, feldspar deforms by microboudinage (rigid-brittle behaviour), while quartz flows by a combination of dislocation creep, pressure solution and solution transfer. Boudin segments develop and separate in a phased sequential manner while quartz matrix flows in a ductile manner, indicating a brittle-ductile toggle during progressive deformation. Both the pressure solution and dislocation creep flows are volume-conservative. Therefore, a net volume increase during the above deformations is a necessity, unless compensated by a solution-transfer process. Hydrofracturing probably played a role in microboudinage formation as the ambient level of differential stress is estimated to be low around 45–75 MPa. To develop a synthetic flow law for the above type of deformation in arkoses, one needs to consider the significance of different rate-controlling mechanisms. As feldspar pull-aparts are syntectonically filled with quartz or metamorphic minerals crystallizing during progressive deformation, successive microboudin segmentation will depend on how fast/slow the matrix quartz moves to the open crack or the sealing takes place by transfer of appropriate solute components by pressure solution or solution transfer, the real rate-controlling process.     

敦煌地块钠长碎裂岩型金矿床的地质特征

敦煌地块东段前长城系敦煌群是该台块最古老的结晶基底，为一套绿岩建造。金矿床赋存于敦煌群顶部第四岩组火山岩和稍晚的基性斜长角门石岩被强烈钠交代而形成的钠长岩体内，并严格受控于脆－韧性剪切带。与金矿化有关的钠交代原岩有基性侵入岩、中酸性火山岩、花岗岩（可能有）等，但其最终交代产物均为钠长岩和石英脉组合，为一种特殊的金矿类型。     

Temporal (Un)correlations Between Coda <Emphasis Type="Italic">Q</Emphasis> and Seismicity: Multiscale Trend Analysis

This paper introduces a statistical technique, based on the recently developed Multiscale Trend Analysis (MTA), for quantifying correlations between non-stationary processes observed at irregular non-coincident time grids. We apply this technique to studying the temporal correlation between the dynamics of the ductile and brittle layers in the lithosphere. Our results confirm the previously reported strong positive correlation between the coda Q^–1 and seismicity and its drop before major earthquakes observed in California. The proposed technique has significant advantages over the conventional correlation analysis: (1) MTA allows one to work directly with non-coincident time series without preliminary resampling the data; (2) the correlation is defined via the stable objects—trends—rather than noisy individual observations, hence it is highly robust; (3) the correlations are quantified at different time scales. The suggested technique seems promising for the wide range of applied problems dealing with coupled time series.     

Fault oneoff versus coseismic fluids reaction

The fault activation (fault on) interrupts the enduring fault locking (fault off) and marks the end of a seismic cycle in which the brittle-ductile transition (BDT) acts as a sort of switch. We suggest...