电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定锑矿选冶中砷锑

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定锑矿选冶过程中精矿、中矿、尾矿样品中的砷和锑元素。对矿样溶解、测定条件、介质酸度和基体干扰进行了实验,选用王水溶解矿样,在20%盐酸介质中测定,具有快捷、简便、测定范围宽等特点。砷和锑的质量浓度在0～20μg/mL范围内相关系数分别为0.9993和0.9998.对11份空白溶液进行测定,得到的砷和锑检出限分别为0.051μg/mL和0.080μg/mL;对GBW07174和GBW07175锑矿标样进行7次测定,相对标准偏差为1.26%～2.47%之间。     

水稻土中Hg,Cd,Pb和As的空间变异性特征及相关影响因素探讨--以四川孝泉地区为例

以四川孝泉地区水稻土为研究对象,利用地质统计学方法,系统地研究了水稻土中Hg,Cd,Pb和As含量的空间分布特征和空间变异性特征,就可能的影响因素进行讨论并得出结果:1)孝泉地区水稻土中Hg,Pb和As含量的空间自相关尺度分别为10.4km,3.8km和5.1km,且为中等程度相关;Cd在所研究的尺度上不表现明显的空间相关性。2)城镇生活、生产废弃物无序排放,铁路、公路运输,农业施肥、灌溉等因素对孝泉地区水稻土中Hg,Cd,Pb和As含量的空间变异性均有不同程度的影响。3)运用地质统计学方法处理多目标地球化学调查数据能有效地提取地球化学变量的空间结构信息并能在不同尺度上检验取样网度的合理性。     

原生锡矿蒸馏碘量法测砷的问题及解决方法

原生锡矿蒸馏量法测砷,在测定过程中多注意锑元素的干扰,蒸馏体积的控制等因素,可得到更准确、可靠的测定结果。     

云南耿马孟定盆地高砷水成因及其危害

孟定盆地出现水砷异常由三类因素共同作用引发：汇水区砷背景高,有色金属采选冶过程排放含砷重金属导致砷二次污染,盆地地球化学环境利于砷积累。形成环境具一定的代表性,区别于我国已发生的饮水型盆地砷病病区。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定铅锑合金中锑砷铋锡锌铁

探讨了用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法对铅锑合金中锑、砷、铋、锡、锌和铁元素分析的基本条件,确定了合适的谱线和背景校正方法,基本解决了基体干扰和待测元素之间的干扰。建立的方法用于铅锑合金成分的分析,方法检出限为锑0.02 mg/g、砷0.03 mg/g、铋0.03 mg/g、锡0.02 mg/g、锌0.002 mg/g、铁0.002 mg/g,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=12)2%,加标回收率为95.5%~105.0%。方法快速简捷,准确度高。     

砷、镉复合污染土击实特性及微观结构试验研究

重金属污染土不仅破坏环境健康,同时威胁岩土工程安全。通过控制变量法对砷（As）、镉（Cd）单一污染土和复合污染土的土壤化学、土体微观结构和击实特性对比分析,研究了不同重金属污染源、不同重金属浓度对污染土的击实特性影响规律及作用机制。结果表明：单一污染土中,As使土壤扩散双电层变厚,土颗粒呈絮凝状,小孔隙增加,小颗粒含量先增后减,最优含水率升高5.90%,最大干密度降低1.02%;Cd的作用效应截然相反,Cd压缩土壤扩散双电层,土体呈堆积状,小孔隙减少,小颗粒含量减少,最优含水率降低8.03%,最大干密度增加1.00%。Cd对土体击实特性影响大于As。复合污染土中,As、Cd对土体最优含水率的影响呈协同作用,而对最大干密度无明显相互作用关系。污染土宏微观联系桥梁可以通过分形维数与最大干密度建立,二者拟合结果为二次函数关系。研究成果可为重金属污染土环境与工程灾害防控提供关键参数和理论支撑。     

自制氢化物发生系统与电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法联用测定土壤和水系沉积物中的砷锑铋

氢化物发生法-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)联用可以提高仪器测定的灵敏度,但氢化物发生的化学反应过程不稳定,导致检测精密度变差。本文设计了一套简易氢化物发生系统,将样品进样管内径由0.32 mm扩大为0.76 mm,与还原剂(硼氢化钾)管路通过三通混合,混合后反应管内径由0.76 mm扩大为1.14 mm,反应管长度由30 cm延长至50 cm,显著增加了待测元素氢化反应的空间和时间,使氢化反应达到平衡态从而提高了氢化物的稳定性。土壤和水系沉积物样品用盐酸-硝酸水浴浸提、硫脲-抗坏血酸预还原后利用此套系统与ICP-OES联用测定了砷锑铋的含量。砷锑铋的检出限分别为0.35μg/g、0.33μg/g、0.25μg/g,测定范围分别为1.1~300μg/g、1.0~100μg/g、0.75~100μg/g,均满足了相关分析要求。     

Arsenic release and attenuation in a multilayer aquifer in the Po Plain (northern Italy): Reactive transport modeling

Groundwater As concentrations >WHO limit (10 μg/L) are frequently found in the Po Plain (N. Italy). Although several hypotheses on As mobilization exist (i.e., reductive dissolution driven by peat degradation), the mechanisms of As release and subsequent attenuation acting in the multilayer aquifer in the Po Plain were poorly understood.The present work aims at implementing a reactive transport modeling of the aquifer system in Cremona, affected by As <183 μg/L, in order to quantify and test the feasibility of As release by the reductive dissolution of Fe-oxides driven by the degradation of peat contained in leaky aquitards and As attenuation downstream by the co-precipitation in iron sulfides.The model, based on a partial equilibrium approach, revealed that the observed As, Fe and Mn chemistry could be mostly explained by the simultaneous equilibrium between Fe-oxide and sulfate reduction and FeS precipitation and by the equilibrium of rhodochrosite precipitation/dissolution. Model results, together with litholog analysis, supported the assumption of peat as the likely source of organic matter driving As release. The model fitted to measured data showed that the peak in the organic carbon degradation rate at 20–40 m below surface (average of 0.67 mM/y), corresponding to the shallow peaty aquitard and the upper portion of the underlying semiconfined aquifer, is associated with the peak of net release of As (average of 0.32 μM/y) that is followed just downstream by a net precipitation in iron sulfides at 40–60 m below surface (average of 0.30 μM/y). These results support the assumptions of peaty aquifers as drivers of As release and iron sulfides as As traps. The model also outlined the following aspects that could have a broad applicability in other alluvial As affected aquifers worldwide: (a) shallow peaty aquitards may have a greater role in driving the As release since they likely have young and more reactive organic matter; (b) the occurrence of Fe-oxide reduction and FeS precipitation, that represent the As source and sink, together with sulfate reduction occurring simultaneously close to equilibrium may restrict the As mobility limiting the extent of contamination just downstream the source of organic matter that drives its release.     

原子荧光光谱法测定铜矿中的锑、砷、铋的含量

采用了主量元素匹配法来消除基体干扰,并对反应体系的酸度、还原剂浓度等条件进行了优化。砷、锑、铋的浓度在1～200μg·L~(-1)范围内与荧光强度成线性关系。方法回收率为92%～101%,相对标准偏差为2．7%～5．5%。     

天津北部土壤As的地球化学特征及污染程度

根据采样深度不同把采样环境分为两大类:第Ⅰ环境和第Ⅱ环境。通过对研究区第Ⅰ环境土壤样品As的统计分析,得出As在第Ⅰ环境土壤中的统计特征值服从正态分布,元素的均值与全国土壤或天津市土壤均值非常接近。对第Ⅰ环境和第Ⅱ环境土壤重金属元素的空间变化特征进行了对比研究,结果表明,第Ⅱ环境土壤As的含量数值与第Ⅰ环境差异不大,第Ⅱ环境土壤重金属元素继承了第Ⅰ环境土壤的含量特征,在城镇附近和有污水灌溉的武清县、宝坻县、于桥水库附近As的污染比较严重。对研究区第Ⅱ环境土壤重金属元素的污染程度评价使用了地球化学方法和生物法2种方法进行对比研究。结果表明,As对天津市北部的污染程度并不严重。