黔西南微细浸染型金矿床金,砷共生分异机制初步研究

黔西南微细浸染型金矿床成矿热液中金可能主要以Ａｕ（ＨＳ）－２及ＡｕＳ－等迁移形式,砷则主要以Ｈ３ＡｓＯ０３形式迁移。随着成矿热液系统物理化学条件的改变,从成矿前阶段、热液主成矿阶段至晚成矿阶段,金、砷络合物在热液中的沉淀经历了共生、初始分离至分离的富集演化阶段。物理化学条件改变是导致金、砷共生分异的重要因素。     

中国人发砷背景值及其区域分布特征

本文作者在全国不同自然地理类型区选择１００余县近２００个采样点，采样点在远离城镇的非污染地区，采集当地居民发样１３１３份，用氢化物原子荧光法测定砷含量。测定数据进行计算机统计，结果表明，中国人发中砷含量在０．００４－９．９９９μｇ／ｇ之间，中位值为０．５６μｇ／ｇ，算术平均值为０．９２７±１．２１３μｇ／ｇ，几何平均值为０．５７１μｇ／ｇ。性别和年龄差别不明显。皮尔逊（Ｐｅｌｓｏｎ）ｘ２法和Ｗ检验法检验结果表明，在同一自然地理区，人发砷含量呈对数正态分布。中国人发砷的地理分布呈南方高，北方低，自北而南逐渐递增的规律。人发砷的几何均值在北方中温带地区为０．２－０．４μｇ／ｇ之间，到暖温带升高到０．４－０．６μｇ／ｇ，至北亚热带则达到０．７６７μｇ／ｇ，而到中亚热带以南则高达１μｇ／ｇ以上。在同一自然地理带内，东西间差异不明显，青藏地区亦属发砷低含量区（几何均值０．２６７μｇ／ｇ）。并依此对我国划分慢性砷中毒区的人发指标进行了讨论。     

Use of three widely spread plant species from American arid regions for exploration of tin mineralizations

The ability to accumulate trace element contents of three plant species of widespread occurrence in the semi-arid regions of middle and southern South America (Larrea cuneifolia Cav., Cercidium praecox (Ruiz & Pav.) Harms, and Bulnesia retama (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Griseb.) has been considered in order to determine their application to the exploration of tin mineralizations. Two of the three studied species can be considered as suitable for biogeochemical exploration (L. cuneifolia and C. praecox). Concentrations of As, Cd, and Mo reflect the known tin mineralization. L. cuneifolia and B. retama showed the highest and lowest trace element accumulation rates. Only zinc is preferentially accumulated in C. praecox. In addition, L. cuneifolia and C. praecox could be of environmental interest in As-bearing areas due to the accumulation capability for such element.     

威远气田水中砷的存在形式及脱砷

根据威远气田水中含H2S和Fe2+的特性,认为地下气田水处于还原环境中,应用Ca﹣As(Ⅲ)﹣H2O系的[Me]T-pH图,指出气田水中砷以AsO2-存在,并结合气田水的一般综合利用工艺流程,阐明了砷的流程分布和走向。检测结果表明,产品食用盐砷含量达到国家标准。     

Lacustrine Arcellinida (testate lobose amoebae) as bioindicators of arsenic concentration within the Yellowknife City Gold Project,Northwest Territories,Canada

Arcellinida (testate lobose amoebae) were examined in near-surface sediment samples from 30 lakes located within the Gold Terra Resource Corporation (GTRC) Yellowknife City Gold Project, Northwest Territories, Canada, to assess the applicability of using the group as a robust tool to assess Arsenic (As) contamination. Lake contamination by As is of concern in the Yellowknife area because it is derived from geogenic (bedrock) and anthropogenic sources (legacy pollution from former mining operations, particularly the Giant Mine [1948–2004]). Statistical multivariate analyses (cluster analysis, non-metric multidimensional scaling [NMDS], and redundancy analysis [RDA]) were performed on geochemical (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry [ICP-MS]) and organic (loss-on-ignition) data to identify geochemical and hydrogeological controls on the arcellinidan distribution in the lakes. Three distinct faunal assemblages were identified using Cluster analysis and NMDS: 1) Elevated Arsenic Assemblage (EAA; Approximately Unbiased (AU) p-value = 97 %; median As =272.4 mg/kg, range = 42–1353 mg/kg ; n = 9); 2) Centropyxid-Dominated Assemblage (CDA; AU p-value = 87 %; median As =169.7 mg/kg, range 60–233 mg/kg ; n = 9); and, 3) Difflugiid-Dominated Assemblage (DDA; AU p-value = 95 %; median As =61.3 mg/kg, range = 16–316 mg/kg ; n = 12). Six statistically significant controls on assemblage structure were identified using RDA. These were As, calcium, iron, strontium, water depth, and total organic carbon (Arcellinida variance explained = 36.2 %) — As is the most significant control (12.2 %; p-value < 0.002). Stress-tolerant centropyxids dominate in lakes characterized by elevated sedimentary As concentrations (64 % centropyxids in EAA; 40 % centropyxids in CDA), while stress-sensitive taxa thrived in samples associated with lower As concentrations (DDA). Our results corroborate the findings of previous Arcellinida studies in subarctic Canada and confirms the reliability of using Arcellinida as a reconnaissance tool for tracking As contamination in impacted lakes.     

降雨径流汇入背景下受纳水体可溶态Ni和As的动态变化

选取降雨丰沛、降雨径流突出的热带海岛城市海口美舍河市区河段,使用室内分析与野外采样结合的方法开展降雨径流汇入后受纳水体可溶态Ni和As的动态变化研究。结果表明：降雨径流的汇入直接对受纳水体中Ni和As的固液分配产生干扰,且其对受纳水体Ni和As的输入贡献主要依赖悬浮态,可溶态Ni和As输入相对较弱。具体表现为：降雨径流汇入前受纳水体可溶态Ni和As占总质量浓度的比例分别达到55.67%和94.77%。降雨径流汇入后,受纳水体Ni和As发生一系列动态变化,排水口处可溶态Ni和As占比分别达总质量浓度的20.97%和76.92%,可溶态占比明显下降,变化较为剧烈;排水口下游可溶态Ni和As占比也均下降,分别为47.23%和88.38%。对不同降雨情境下的数据分析发现：当降雨量≤10 mm时,雨前干燥期长短是受纳水体可溶态Ni和As动态变化的主要影响因素;当降雨量在10~30 mm时,雨前干燥期长短、雨强峰值出现时间及其大小是受纳水体可溶态Ni和As对降雨径流响应时间及响应程度的主要影响因素;当降雨量≥30 mm时,雨强峰值出现时间是受纳水体可溶态Ni和As动态变化的主要影响因素。降雨径流对受纳水体可溶态Ni和As的影响存在差异,当干燥期短、且存在最大雨强值过高现象时,受纳水体可溶态As受降雨径流影响小,而可溶态Ni受降雨径流影响明显。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铁矿石中铬砷镉汞铅

铁矿石中Cr、As、Cd、Hg和Pb不仅影响冶炼设备和产品性能,同时污染环境。文章以铁矿石标准物质为研究对象,对电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定铁矿石中Cd、As、Cr、Hg和Pb等5种元素进行了适用性探讨。结果表明,与常规的单元素原子吸收光谱法或多元素同步分析电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法相比,用微波消解方法处理铁矿石,具有样品消耗量少(0.1000±0.0200)g、消解用酸少(2.5 mL HCl+0.5 mL HF+1.0 mL HNO3)、排放降低、节约成本等优点,且无需配制铁底液,无需添加任何掩蔽剂,质谱干扰小,适用于分析Cr含量为5.5×10-10～2.5×10-4,As含量为7.6×10-10～1.9×10-4,Cd含量为4.5×10-11～5.5×10-6,Hg含量为1.88×10-9～1.9×10-7,Pb含量为1.2×10-10～3.2×10-5的铁矿石样品。优化后的前处理方法节约了能源、试剂和样品消耗,降低了二次污染和有效损失。     

云南岩溶区As、Cd元素异常特征

云南岩溶区水系沉积物中As、Cd元素含量分别为6.7~14.9ppm和0.14~0.21ppm,普遍高于省内其它地区。云南不同岩溶区As、Cd元素含量高异常还有较大的差异。As、Cd元素的高异常以滇东南岩溶区最为明显,异常幅度最大;其次为滇东岩溶区、滇西北以及滇西保山—沧源岩溶区;滇东北地区Cd异常较为突出,而As异常较弱。一般从岩石到土壤As、Cd元素呈富集态势,富集约4~5倍。通过对小江流域泸西As、Cd元素高异常区的地球化学和地质环境分析,发现农作物对As吸收量不大,超标率为14.8%;但对Cd元素吸收远高于As元素,超标率高达74.1%。通过对比分析,认为岩溶区碳酸盐岩As、Cd元素的高背景含量(As含量12.89~28.86ppm、Cd含量0.031~0.314ppm)是其风化形成的土壤中As、Cd元素含量高异常的根本来源,As、Cd元素主要通过粘土矿物和有机质的吸附累积而富集。      

Determination of Te,As, Bi,Sb and Se (TABS) in Geological Reference Materials and GeoPT Proficiency Test Materials by Hydride Generation‐Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (HG‐AFS)

The study of Te, As, Bi, Sb and Se (TABS) has increased over the past years due to their use in the development of low‐carbon energy technologies. However, there is a scarcity of mass fraction values of TABS in geological reference materials. This underlines the difficulty in undertaking routine determinations of these elements. The mass fractions of TABS were determined in geological reference materials using hydride generation‐atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG‐AFS), calibrated with standard solutions. Comparisons with literature values were used to validate the method. Samples from the GeoPT proficiency test were also analysed. For most elements, there are no assigned or even provisional values for many of the GeoPT and reference materials because of the wide range of results reported. For mass fractions above the quantification limit of the method, our results are in good agreement with the median of GeoPT results. Thus, we propose GeoPT median values as informational values for these elements. In contrast, at mass fractions < 0.5 µg g^?1 median values of Se from GeoPT are systematically higher than our results. Our Se results are in agreement with the reference materials down to 0.02 µg g^?1, which suggest that many of the results for Se reported in GeoPT testing are too high.     

胶东三山岛金矿床黄铁矿As富集机制及其对金成矿作用的指示

胶东是中国最大的金矿集区,其金矿成因目前还存在较大争议.作为最重要的载金矿物,黄铁矿显微结构及元素-同位素组成能够很好地示踪成矿物质来源和成矿过程.利用SEM、EPMA和LA-ICP-MS微区原位分析方法对胶东代表性蚀变岩型金矿—三山岛金矿的黄铁矿开展详细的BSE显微结构以及As含量和S同位素耦合关系研究,发现矿区至少存在3种不同结构和As含量的黄铁矿:①含金石英-黄铁矿细脉中具交代残余结构的低As黄铁矿(Py-1),在BSE图像中显示暗色的核部(Py-1a)和亮色的边部(Py-1b),Py-1a和Py-1b的w(As)分别为48×10-6～524×10-6和183×10-6～1134×10-6,δ34S值分别为10.4‰～10.8‰和11.6‰～11.9‰;②含金石英-黄铁矿细脉中具韵律环带结构的高As黄铁矿(Py-2),在BSE图像中显示富含矿物包裹体并多孔的核部(Py-2a)以及很少含矿物包裹体的"干净"边部(Py-2b),Py-2a和Py-2b的w(As)分别为0.14％～0.31％和0.47％～0.97％;③含金石英-多金属硫化物细脉中具核边结构且As含量变化大的黄铁矿(Py-3),其核部Py-3a富含黄铜矿、闪锌矿等矿物包裹体并贫As,w(As)仅为1×10-6～10×10-6,δ34S值为4.2％～5.8‰,边部Py-3b几乎不含矿物包裹体但富As,w(As)为8877×10-6～17839×10-6,δ34S值为7.7％～10.1‰.上述黄铁矿中,从Py-1a到Py-1b,w(As)和δ34S值缓慢升高,可能主要受水岩相互作用的控制;Py-2具韵律环带且核部多孔、多矿物包裹体,指示了较为剧烈的流体沸腾作用;Py-3a和Py-3b具有截然不同的w(As)和δ34S值,指示了外来富As流体的加入.这些过程有利于As和Au的进一步富集,多种形式的富As和Au机制表明胶东金矿存在复杂的矿化过程和物质来源,特别是流体在迁移过程中萃取围岩中的成矿物质不可忽视.