由结构面和岩桥组成的剪切面强度特性研究

通过直剪模型试验和非线性有限元分析,研究了由结构面和岩桥组成的剪切面在不同法向应力、不同岩桥面积及不同岩桥分布型式等条件下的综合抗剪强度,较客观地评价了岩桥对剪切面抗剪强度指标的影响,初步探讨了岩桥的破坏机理。     

基于交切条件的不连续面平均迹长估算法

从不连续面与窗口交切的充要条件出发,推导了窗口法不连续面剖面测量的平均迹长估算公式,实例分析表明用雇在算的平均迹长与实测平均迹长吻合较好。     

高坝对乌江下游底栖动物群落结构的影响

基于2006-2016年近10年的长期监测数据,对乌江下游两座高坝的修建对底栖动物群落结构的影响效应进行研究.结果表明：大坝蓄水前后底栖动物群落结构发生显著变化,不同时期的群落结构差异明显.蜉蝣目稚虫对生境的剧烈变动不适应,软体动物田螺科和觹螺科的一些种类对生境的剧烈扰动较为适应,生活史较短的机会主义物种在水库淹没区和坝下河段逐渐定殖下来.建坝以及大坝的运行调度对乌江下游底栖动物的群落结构产生了重大影响,底栖动物群落结构随着时间发生一定程度的演替.在底栖动物所有类群中,软体动物对栖息地的丧失以及流量的剧烈波动具有较高的耐受性,水生昆虫相对较不耐受环境的剧烈变化,而甲壳动物的适应性极强.百分比模式相似性指数（Percent Model Affinity,PMA）的变动趋势可有效地反映大坝对底栖动物群落的影响效应,其均值随离坝距离的增加而呈现逐步增加的趋势,表明大坝调度对水生态造成的负面影响会随着离坝距离的增加而逐步弱化,这与河流不连续体理论（Serial Discontinuity Concept,SDC）的预测趋势基本一致.根据长期监测成果,蜉蝣目扁蜉科、四节蜉科、细裳蜉科以及毛翅目纹石蛾科的种群恢复状况以及PMA指数可作为评估大坝不利影响减缓措施效果的依据.     

中天山和塔里木盆地下方地幔转换带顶部P波速度结构探测

本文基于中国数字地震台网记录到的2016年1月12日发生于兴都库什—帕米尔地区的中源地震P波宽频带波形资料,利用P波三重震相方法研究了中天山和塔里木盆地北部410 km间断面起伏形态及间断面附近P波速度结构.通过波形拟合,我们发现中天山和塔里木盆地北部410 km间断面下沉约10 km;410 km间断面上方存在由塔里木盆地向中天山P波速度异常逐渐减小的约70 km厚的低速层(-3%~-1%).该低速层可能是地幔转换区物质上涌并部分脱水熔融及热效应共同作用的结果.另外我们发现中天山东北部约10~100 km深度范围内存在局部低速异常(约-6%),其很可能是上涌的软流圈物质.     

核幔边界D″区的地震学研究进展

核幔边界层在地球演化过程中扮演着极为重要的作用,是人们认识地球的主要研究对象之一。文中综述了近十多年来对核幔边界D″区开展地震学研究的主要方法及成果,内容涵盖了核幔边界D″区上部间断面、不均匀性、各向异性和超低速层等4个主要研究对象。结合多个相关学科的研究进展,从对热-化学-动力学三方面的耦合作用的分析,来探讨形成D″区各种观测现象的原因和机制,以及在此基础上提出的动力学演化模型。最后简要叙述了有关核幔边界研究的地震学、矿物实验、理论分析及计算科学的发展方向和挑战。随着对D″区认识的不断更新,逐步揭示地表观测到的可能受核幔边界因素控制的多种地质及地球物理现象。     

FSS-based Evaluation on Monsoon Precipitation Forecasts in South China from Regional Models with Different Resolution

This study evaluated the forecast skill of CMA-GD 3 km and CMA-GD 1 km with hourly Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) for five monsoon precipitation events in South China from 2018 to 2020, using the fraction skill score (FSS) of the neighborhood spatial verification method. The results revealed that, among the 24-lead-hour forecasts in CMA-GD 3 km, the FSS for the 0.1 mm precipitation threshold increased linearly with the lead time from 3 to 1 hour, while there was no significant improvement in other lead times. For the 5 mm precipitation threshold, the forecast skill was highest for the latest 1-hour lead time, while the FSS showed slight variation between lead times of 24 hours and 8 hours. The FSS for 10 mm and 20 mm precipitation thresholds were similar to that of 5 mm, with the difference that the best score occurred at the 2-hour lead time. Among the 6-lead-hour forecasts in CMA-GD 1 km, the forecasts of the latest 1-hour lead time were the best choices for four precipitation thresholds. When comparing CMA-GD 3 km and CMA-GD 1 km, it was found that CMA-GD 3 km had better skill for forecasts of 0.1 mm and 5 mm precipitation at 2-hour and 1-hour lead times, while CMA-GD 1 km had better skill for all other forecasts, including the forecast of 20 mm precipitation nearly all lead hours (including 3- to 6-hour, and 1-hour lead times). The results suggest that the increased resolution of the model may be beneficial for precipitation forecasts in South China, especially for short-duration heavy precipitation over a longer lead hours. However, the limited sample size of this study calls for further evaluation using more cases to validate the results′ generality.