表面波浪对海洋上层混合的作用

A new three-dimensional numerical model is derived through a wave average on the primitive N-S equations, in which both the＂Coriolis-Stokes forcing＂ and the＂Stokes-Vortex force＂ are considered. Three ideal experiments are run using the new model applied to the Princeton ocean model （POM）. Numerical results show that surface waves play an important role on the mixing of the upper ocean. The mixed layer is enhanced when wave effect is considered in conjunction with small Langmuir numbers. Both surface wave breaking and Stokes production can strengthen the turbulent mixing near the surface. However, the influence of wave breaking is limited to a thin layer, but Stokes drift can affect the whole mixed layer. Furthermore, the vertical mixing coefficients clearly rise in the mixed layer, and the upper ocean mixed layer is deepened especially in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current when the model is applied to global simulations. It indicates that the surface gravity waves are indispensable in enhancing the mixing in the upper ocean, and should be accounted for in ocean general circulation models.     

Nonlinear optimization method of ship floating condition calculation in wave based on vector

Ship floating condition in regular waves is calculated. New equations controlling any ship＇s floating condition are proposed by use of the vector operation. This form is a nonlinear optimization problem which can be solved using the penalty function method with constant coefficients. And the solving process is accelerated by dichotomy. During the solving process, the ship＇s displacement and buoyant centre have been calculated by the integration of the ship surface according to the waterline. The ship surface is described using an accumulative chord length theory in order to determine the displacement, the buoyancy center and the waterline. The draught forming the waterline at each station can be found out by calculating the intersection of the ship surface and the wave surface. The results of an example indicate that this method is exact and efficient. It can calculate the ship floating condition in regular waves as well as simplify the calculation and improve the computational efficiency and the precision of results.     

基于PIV技术不同形式防波堤周围涡旋场特性研究(英文)

深水防波堤周围流场存在复杂的紊动变化,防波堤较容易发生失效破坏。本文利用PIV技术,基于模型实验,对规则波作用下防波堤周围的速度流场及其涡流特性进行了实验研究,获得了规则波流场的瞬时速度分布。通过对不同型式防波堤在不同的水力条件下的波浪流场实验数据的分析,定量地研究了防波堤堤身水域的涡旋流场的水力特性。     

对流层气溶胶的直接气候效应对平流层的影响

通过WACCM-3模式中气溶胶光学厚度与卫星资料的对比发现,模式可以很好地再现全球气溶胶的主要分布特征,但在一些区域还存在数值上的差异。利用数值试验研究对流层气溶胶的直接气候效应对平流层气候的影响,结果表明:对流层气溶胶对平流层气候有明显影响,平流层化学过程在这一影响中起重要作用,而对流层气溶胶对平流层辐射的影响不是其直接气候效应对平流层影响的主要原因。其机制可能是对流层气溶胶改变对流层的辐射平衡,影响对流层的温度和大气环流,进而影响行星波的上传,使得平流层气候发生变化;影响区域主要位于高纬度和极地地区,南半球的变化比北半球大,温度变化最大达10 K,纬向风变化最大可达12 m/s,臭氧体积分数最多减少0.8×10-6。     

The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) in PMIP2 simulations of the last glacial maximum

The increasing trend of the Southern Annular Mode （SAM） in recent decades has influenced climate change in the Southem Hemisphere （SH）.How the SAM will respond increased greenhouse gas concentrations in the future remains uncertain.Understanding the variability of the SAM in the past under a colder climate such as during the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM） might provide some understanding of the response of the SAM under a future warmer climate.We analyzed the changes in the SAM during the LGM in comparison to pre-industrial （PI） simulations using five coupled ocean-atmosphere models （CCSM,FGOALS,IPSL,MIROC,HadCM） from the second phase of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project （PMIP2）.In CCSM,MIROC,IPSL,and FGOALS,the variability of the simulated SAM appears to be reduced in the LGM compared to the PI simulations,with a decrease in the standard deviation of the SAM index.Overall,four out of the five models suggest a weaker SAM amplitude in the LGM consistent with a weaker SH polar vortex and westerly winds found in some proxy records and model analyses.The weakening of the SAM in the LGM was associated with an increase in the vertical propagation of Rossby waves in southern high latitudes.     

Planetary-Scale Wave Structures of the Earth’s Atmosphere Revealed from the COSMIC Observations

GPS radio occultation（GPS RO） method,an active satellite-to-satellite remote sensing technique,is capable of producing accurate,all-weather,round the clock,global refractive index,density,pressure,and temperature profiles of the troposphere and stratosphere.This study presents planetary-scale equatorially trapped Kelvin waves in temperature profiles retrieved using COSMIC（Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere,and Climate） satellites during 2006-2009 and their interactions with background atmospheric conditions.It is found that the Kelvin waves are not only associated with wave periods of higher than 10 days（slow Kelvin waves） with higher zonal wave numbers（either 1 or 2）,but also possessing downward phase progression,giving evidence that the source regions of them are located at lower altitudes.A thorough verification of outgoing longwave radiation（OLR） reveals that deep convection activity has developed regularly over the Indonesian region,suggesting that the Kelvin waves are driven by the convective activity.The derived Kelvin waves show enhanced（diminished） tendencies during westward（eastward） phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation（QBO） in zonal winds,implying a mutual relation between both of them.The El Nino and Southern Oscillation（ENSO） below 18 km and the QBO features between 18 and 27km in temperature profiles are observed during May 2006-May 2010 with the help of an adaptive data analysis technique known as Hilbert Huang Transform（HHT）.Further,temperature anomalies computed using COSMIC retrieved temperatures are critically evaluated during different phases of ENSO,which has revealed interesting results and are discussed in light of available literature.     

物理大地测量课程实训教学模式的构建

近年来,测绘科技的发展提高了对基础数据的质量和数量需求,同时对观测人员素质的培养提出了高要求。为了适应基层业务单位对观测人员的迫切需要,本文对物理大地测量实训教学模式进行了深入分析,对教学体系、内容、模式、方法进行了全过程的探讨,在基础性实训、综合性实训、研究性实训3个层面上力图调动学生的主动思考意识和创新意识,改变灌输式的教学体系和模式,提出了“三环节划分,分层次教学”的新型物理大地测量课程实训教学模式,并在重力测量课程实训教学中进行了应用。     

联合卫星重力和GNSS观测反演地震断层参数的研究EI北大核心CSCD

地震的发生会造成巨大的破坏和损失,大地测量技术能观测地震形变和反演地震断层的错动情况,对于减少地震灾害具有非常重要的现实意义。GNSS技术已广泛用于震源参数的反演工作,但对于发生在海域的地震,由于GNSS站点往往位于陆地一侧,导致对断层的约束 能力有限。卫星重力技术因其全天候、全球覆盖、连续性,以及不受地域地形限制等诸多特点,可弥补海洋一侧常规观测不足。联合GNSS和GRACE两种观测手段反演震源机制,可进一步提高反演海域地震的震源参数。为此,论文基于GRACE和GNSS观测的同震和震后形变,联合反演了断层参数和地幔黏滞性系数等,主要成果如下。     

联合时变重力数据与测高数据反演全球海平面变化及其分量贡献

理解全球海平面变化具有十分重要的意义,它间接反映了地球系统中气候性相关因素的变化。本文基于一组海平面指纹和比容经验正交函数,联合时变重力数据和卫星测高数据反演了2002年4月至2020年2月的全球海平面变化,将全球海平面变化分解成南极冰盖融化、格陵兰冰盖融化、陆地冰川融化、陆地水储量变化、冰川均衡调整和海水比容效应这6个分量的贡献。联合反演结果显示,全球平均比容海平面变化为1.08±0.05 mm/a,与相关文献的结果相吻合。研究发现,联合测高数据和时变重力数据的反演方法能够一定程度上减弱GRACE Follow-On卫星时期海水质量变化被低估的现象。本文利用联合反演的结果研究了区域海平面变化,在大部分近海区域反演效果较好,这表明该方法可用于区域海平面变化的研究。     

利用卷积自编码器重建含噪重力数据

卷积自编码器融合了适于处理相同维度数据映射的自编码器神经网络,以及近年来在图像处理领域取得广泛应用的卷积神经网络。基于深度学习处理重力观测数据图像, 利用卷积自编码器从含噪声的重力图像中重建重力观测图像。首先,随机建模生成大量不同参数的重力异常体,正演其重力异常, 将加入噪声的重力异常和原始重力异常分别作为卷积自编码器的输入和输出进行训练;然后,模拟数据测试表明训练得到的神经网络重建效果良好;最后,用Kauring实验场实测重力数据测试该神经网络的泛化性能,并与快速傅里叶变换(fast Fourier transform,FFT)滤波、db小波(Daubechies wavelet)滤波方法进行了比较。结果表明,训练好的卷积自编码器重建实测重力数据的平均误差小于FFT滤波方法及db小波滤波,且能避免重力异常特征过度滤波而消失,受噪声干扰小于db小波滤波,综合效果理想。