塔里木盆地巴楚隆起低信噪比地震资料处理方法研究

塔里木盆地巴楚隆起勘探程度较低,是开展油气勘探的主要潜力区之一。受近地表激发条件差、低降速带结构变化大、目的层埋藏较深等地表和深层地质条件的影响,研究区地震资料信噪比低、品质较差,严重地制约了地震资料解决地质问题的能力。本文在分析研究区新采集的原始地震资料基础上,建立了精确的近地表模型,采用层析静校正、交互迭代静校正方法求准静校正量;利用多域多阶段联合去除噪声,采取近道内切除等多种方法串联综合应用消除多次波干扰;采用全面统计、逐点处理的地表一致性处理技术进行振幅能量补偿;精细速度分析,优选提高深层弱信号成像质量的偏移方法等一系列的关键技术,使本区低信噪比资料的信噪比、同相轴连续性和构造成像质量得到了较大的改善和提高,取得了较好的应用效果。     

GPS多路径效应实验测试与分析研究

作为影响GPS测量信号的干扰源,多路径效应为众多研究者所关注。多路径效应使得GPS测量的精度降低,严重时还将引起信号失锁。针对这一问题,文中从多路径效应产生的原理出发,设计并实施无线电干扰和镜面反射干扰实验,分析多路径效应对GPS单点定位精度、基线长度精度和网精度的影响。在既有的研究成果基础上,提出随着距离的变化多路径效应的影响程度不同、对网精度影响最小、对单点定位精度影响最大等结论,并总结了减弱多路径效应的相关措施。     

压制式干扰对GNSS接收机的影响及应对策略

随着GNSS接收机在军事领域的广泛应用,信号抗干扰已成为导航战的主要内容。本文阐述了压制式干扰对接收机信号捕获和跟踪的影响,采用时域滤波、自适应调零、空时联合三种处理方法检验了多个干扰场景下的抗干扰效果,详细分析不同的方案和参数设置带来的不同处理效果,及其对应的硬件实现代价,为研制抗干扰工程样机、提升武器装备在复杂电磁环境下的作战能力提供理论依据。     

一种基于干扰肌动蛋白基因导致方形网纹溞(Ceriodaphnia quadrangula)死亡的RNA干扰(RNAi)模型构建

方形网纹溞(Ceriodaphnia quadrangula)可作为研究水生动物生物学的良好模式动物。为探索细菌介导表达的双链RNA(dsRNA)对方形网纹溞进行RNA干扰(RNAi)技术是否可行,本研究构建了方形网纹溞肌动蛋白(actin)基因的干扰载体Actin-L4440,并将其转入大肠杆菌HT115。此宿主菌经异丙基-β-D-硫代吡喃半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导后能表达actin基因部分片段的dsRNA。将此宿主菌投喂方形网纹溞,能抑制其体内actin基因的表达,并导致方形网纹溞死亡率明显提高。本研究成功构建了方形网纹溞的RNAi模型,为以后的研究提供了一定的参考。     

An analysis on the error structure and mechanism of soil moisture and ocean salinity remotely sensed sea surface salinity products

For the application of soil moisture and ocean salinity（SMOS） remotely sensed sea surface salinity（SSS） products,SMOS SSS global maps and error characteristics have been investigated based on quality control information.The results show that the errors of SMOS SSS products are distributed zonally,i.e.,relatively small in the tropical oceans,but much greater in the southern oceans in the Southern Hemisphere（negative bias） and along the southern,northern and some other oceanic margins（positive or negative bias）.The physical elements responsible for these errors include wind,temperature,and coastal terrain and so on.Errors in the southern oceans are due to the bias in an SSS retrieval algorithm caused by the coexisting high wind speed and low temperature; errors along the oceanic margins are due to the bias in a brightness temperature（TB） reconstruction caused by the high contrast between L-band emissivities from ice or land and from ocean; in addition,some other systematic errors are due to the bias in TB observation caused by a radio frequency interference and a radiometer receivers drift,etc.The findings will contribute to the scientific correction and appropriate application of the SMOS SSS products.     

韶关CINRAD/SA天气雷达一次虚警故障的排除

该文介绍韶关CINRAD/SA天气雷达系统由于干扰信号引起虚警故障的维护过程,故障涉及到天线伺服系统、光纤通信链路、数据采集单元DAU、数字控制单元DCU（5A6）等几个环节.维护人员从故障通道逐步检查,采取配件替代法和排除法,并试探性加电容滤波,缩小故障范围,最终消除虚警故障.     

A Relocation-based Initialization Scheme to Improve Track-forecasting of Tropical Cyclones简

A relocation procedure to initialize tropical cyclones was developed to improve the representation of the initial conditions and the track forecast for Panasonic Weather Solutions Tropical Operational Forecasts. This scheme separates the vortex perturbation and environment field from the first guess, then relocates the initial vortex perturbations to Lhe observed position by merging them with the environment field. The relationships of wind vector components with stream function and velocity potential are used for separating the vortex disturbance from first guess. For the separation of scalars, a low-pass Barnes filter is employed. The irregular-shaped relocation area corresponding to the specific initial conditions is determined by mapping the edge of the vortex radius in 36 directions.Then, the non-vortex perturbations in the relocation area are removed by a two-pass Barnes filter to retain the vortex perturbations, while the variable fields outside the perimeter of the modified vortex are kept ide.ntical to the original first guess. The potential impacts of this scheme on track forecasts were examined for three hurricane cases in the 2011-12 hurricane season. The experimental results demonstrate that the initialization scheme is able to effectively separate the vortex field from the environment field and maintain a relatively balanced and accurate relocated first guess. As the initial track error is reduced, the following track forecasts are considerably improved. The 72-h average track forecast error was redu,~ed by 32.6% for the cold-start cases, and by 38.4% when using the full-cycling data assimilation because of the accumulatedL improvements from the initialization scheme.     

基于距离-多普勒谱的高频地波雷达的射频干扰抑制

提出一种高频地波雷达的射频干扰抑制方法。基于地波雷达的距离-多普勒(RD)频谱数据,分析了射频干扰特性。利用射频干扰在距离向的强相关性特征,选取RD谱中仅存在射频干扰的远距离单元数据构造自协方差矩阵,使用子空间投影方法实现射频干扰抑制。最后,对实测数据进行了处理,结果表明信噪比得到明显改善,验证了该算法的有效性。     

三种主要干扰造成中国森林植被向大气中的碳排放量

对重要干扰过程导致森林植被向大气中的碳排放量进行评估,对于合理评估森林碳汇功能及其在应对全球气候变化中的作用是有重要意义的。本文基于有关森林干扰发生情况的林业统计资料和有关干扰引起生物量C转移过程与比例的假设条件,估算了近20年来采伐、火灾与病虫鼠害三种主要干扰每年从森林植被直接排放到大气中的C量。结果表明,近20年来,中国森林遭受了比较强烈的采伐、火灾与病虫鼠害干扰,并且这三种干扰在进入21世纪后有着比较明显的增加趋势。相应地,在1990-2009年间,采伐、火灾与病虫鼠害的C排放量年均分别为3425.16万tC、161.29万tC、428.80万tC,合计为4015.24万t。三种干扰的总C排放量在1990-1999年间年均为3079.40万t,在2000-2009年间年均为4951.09万t。从不同森林类型分布区的排放来看,中国森林主要干扰的年均C排放量及其年代际变化呈现比较明显的区域特征。干扰对中国森林碳平衡有着重大影响,针对干扰的森林管理可能具有较大的增汇潜力,并且在未来有关森林与陆地生态系统碳收支的模型研究中需考虑主要干扰的影响。     

冬瓜山矿区电磁干扰特征分析

在冬瓜山矿区开展干扰源位置的调查中,在试验剖面上利用频谱分析仪开展了电磁场五分量的实际测量,初步分析了冬瓜山矿区电磁干扰特征。实测结果表明,冬瓜山矿区电磁干扰以工频奇次谐波干扰为主,某些测点偶次谐波也很强;工频谐波的干扰级次与受干扰程度有关;不同测点由于相对于周围干扰源位置的变化,其干扰特征也不相同;对于单个测点,不同分量的不同频段受到的干扰程度也不尽相同。除有规律的工频干扰外,还存在宽频的背景干扰。此干扰存在于整个频谱范围内,幅值相对稳定。长时间噪声观测结果表明,在时间上矿区内也不存在干扰弱的时段。