Effect of Ploughing Depth on the Growth and Yield of Heracleum candicans： a Threatened Medicinal Herb and a Less-explored Potential Crop of the Himalayan Region

This paper examines the effect of ploughing depths （A -- 60 cm, B -- 45 cm and C -- 30 cm） on the growth and yield of Heracleum candicans Wall （Apiaceae）, a threatened medicinal herb of the Himalayan region. This less-explored plant is being suggested as a potential crop for the mountain agriculture. The study was carried out in an orchard in Himachal Pradesh, India at 2500 m altitude, for two successive growth years. During the first year, all plants remained in juvenile state; in the second year, nearly 65 % plants produced flowers only under 60cm ploughing depth. Among its morphological traits, plant height, collar diameter and aboveground flesh weight were found to be strongly correlated （P 〈 0.01） with the belowground biomass during the first year （r =0.968, 0.925 and 0.973, respectively） and during the second year （r=0.945, 0.928 and 0.775, respectively）. Increase in the ploughing depth was significantly correlated （P〈0.01） with all growth parameters, including the belowground dry weight, marketable portion of the produce. The belowground biomass （commercial yield; 16.28 Qt/hec） at depth A was about 2.6 and 4.7 times higher than those recorded at depths B and C, respectively. The results clearly justify the importance of deep ploughing and this paper strongly recommends it for economically sustainable cropping.     

生肖鸡的传说

鸡，在十二生肖中排行第十。因每天下午5～7点(即酉时)日落时鸡便归窝夜宿，故鸡的十二地支配属为“酉”。     

Silicon limitation on primary production and its destiny in Jiaozhou Bay, China——Ⅳ：Study on cross-bay transect from estuary to ocean

The authors analyzed the data collected in the Ecological Station Jiaozhou Bay from May 1991 to November 1994, including 12 seasonal investigations, to determine the characteristics, dynamic cycles and variation trends of the silicate in the bay. The results indicated that the rivers around Jiaozhou Bay provided abundant supply of silicate to the bay. The silicate concentration there depended on river flow variation. The horizontal variation of silicate concentration on the transect showed that the silicate concentration decreased with distance from shorelines. The vertical variation of it showed that silicate sank and deposited on the sea bottom by phytoplankton uptake and death, and zooplankton excretion. In this way, silicon would endlessly be transferred from terrestrial sources to the sea bottom. The silicon took up by phytoplankton and by other biogeochemical processes led to insufficient silicon supply for phytoplankton growth. In this paper, a 2D dynamic model of river flow versus silicate concentration was established by which silicate concentrations of 0.028–0.062 μmol/L in seawater was yielded by inputting certain seasonal unit river flows (m³/s), or in other words, the silicate supply rate; and when the unit river flow was set to zero, meaning no river input, the silicate concentrations were between 0.05–0.69 μmol/L in the bay. In terms of the silicate supply rate, Jiaozhou Bay was divided into three parts. The division shows a given river flow could generate several different silicon levels in corresponding regions, so as to the silicon-limitation levels to the phytoplankton in these regions. Another dynamic model of river flow versus primary production was set up by which the phytoplankton primary production of 5.21–15.55 (mgC/m²·d)/(m³/s) were obtained in our case at unit river flow values via silicate concentration or primary production conversion rate. Similarly, the values of primary production of 121.98–195.33 (mgC/m²·d) were achieved at zero unit river flow condition. A primary production conversion rate reflects the sensitivity to silicon depletion so as to different phytoplankton primary production and silicon requirements by different phytoplankton assemblages in different marine areas. In addition, the authors differentiated two equations (Eqs. 1 and 2) in the models to obtain the river flow variation that determines the silicate concentration variation, and in turn, the variation of primary production. These results proved further that nutrient silicon is a limiting factor for phytoplankton growth. This study was funded by NSFC (No. 40036010), and the Director's Fund of the Beihai Sea Monitoring Center, the State Oceanic Administration.     

亚洲第一村：黄柏峪——中美可持续发展示范村纪行

人类的生态系统是循环的、可持续的。传统意义上的废物和垃圾都是可利用的。中美可持续发展示范村黄柏峪在发展农村经济、转变生存观念上走出了一条可持续发展的新路,形象的喻为:“从摇篮到摇篮。”黄柏峪所选择的道路,是新世纪建设社会主义新农村可以借鉴的一种模式。     

我国西北高原盆地全新世沉积与环境变迁

本文通过对我国西北高原、盆地全新世黄土、古土壤、风沙层,冰缘层、冰碛层、盐(?)沉积、人类聚落位置迁移,植被演变等系统分析,论证了全新世气候和环境变化规律。认为(?)新世包含六个气候变化阶段,构成了三个冷干——暖湿气候旋回,每一旋回的周期大约为3600或3700年。     

中国黑龙江首届地理信息产业高层论坛暨黑龙江省地理信息产业园奠基仪式

6月16日，中国黑龙江首届地理信息产业高层论坛在黑龙江测绘局隆重举行，此次论坛以地理信息产业发展为主题。由黑龙江省政府、国家测绘局主办。黑龙江测绘局、黑龙江省地理信息产业园承办。黑龙江测绘局局长李志刚在论坛上致词，国家测绘局局长陈邦柱对论坛的举办表示热烈的祝贺，并作重要讲话。     

浅议土地储备制度存在的问题及对策

一、我国土地储备制度的产生是历史发展的必然 据2003年统计，我国国有资产总量为33万亿元，其中国有土地资产就有25万亿元，约占80%。在计划经济体制下，这笔巨额土地资产隐含在土地的无偿、无限期、无流动使用之中。随着社会主义市场经济体制的不断深入和完善，如何加快土地制度改革步伐，将巨额土地资产尽快显化、盘活并作为一种资本经营，对于推动经济发展，推进城市化进程具有重要的战略性意义。     

京都议定书带来商机 国际争购中国减排额

日前,旨在减缓全球气候变化的《京都议定书》正式生效一年,随着议定书中核心内容清洁机制在中国市场的建立,外国投资者纷纷来到中国购买“减排额”。据有关方面人士估计,未来全球一半的清洁发展机制市场将在中国。据国际非盈利环保组织绿色和平介绍,目前全球碳市场已经形成,二氧化碳排放成为一种新的商品在国际资本市场流通,各