NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF EXTREMELY HEAVY RAIN AND MESO-β SCALE LOW VORTEX IN INVERTED TYPHOON TROUGH*

Large-scale and mesoscale analyses are made for extremely heavy rain(EHR) and meso-β scale low vortex(MSLV) in Jiading District of Shanghai Municipality during 6-7 July 2001.It is shown that the EHR forms in the situation of northern westerly trough linking together with southern inverted typhoon trough at northwest side of the West Pacific Ocean subtropical high. Numerical simulation is made using a 21-layer improved REM(regional η coordinate model) for this course.The results show that the precipitation forms earlier than MSLV.and the strong convergence in wind velocity mate(WVM) triggers the strong precipitation.The formative reasons of WVM.especially the weak wind velocity center are discussed,and the formative mechanisms of the MSLV and EHR are discussed using high spatial and temporal resolution modeloutput physical fields.The results show that the heavy rain releases latent heat and warms the air column,and enhances the low level positive vorticity that existed before.Then it causes the formation of MSLV.There is a positive feedback mechanism between low vortex and precipitation,so CISK must be an important mechanism.     

塑料排水板处理的软土地基的分析

首先介绍了塑料排水板(PVD)加固的软土地基固结沉降计算的分析方法.该方法中提出了塑料排水板加固地基的等效竖向渗透系数的概念与计算方法.并介绍了影响分析结果的四个参数的选取方法.通过一个工程实例介绍了路堤荷载下PVD加固地基的有限元二维分析方法.结果表明所提方法可以较好地模拟实测数据.     

Quasi-Rayleigh Waves in Transversely Isotropic Half-Space with Inclined Axis of Symmetry

A method for determination of characteristics of quasi-Rayleigh (qR) wave in a transversely isotropic homogeneous half-space with inclined axis of symmetry is outlined. The solution is obtained as a superposition of qP, qSV and qSH waves, and surface wave velocity is determined from the boundary conditions at the free surface and at infinity, as in case of Rayleigh wave in an isotropic half-space. Though the theory is simple enough, a numerical procedure for calculation of surface wave velocity presents some difficulties. The difficulty is caused by necessity to calculate complex roots of a non-linear equation, which in turn contains functions determined as roots of non-linear equations with complex coefficients. Numerical analysis shows that roots of the equation corresponding to the boundary conditions do not exist in the whole domain of azimuths and inclinations of the symmetry axis. The domain of existence of qR wave depends on the ratio of the elastic parameters: for some strongly anisotropic models the wave cannot exist at all. For some angles of inclination qR-wave velocities deviate from those calculated on the basis of the perturbation method valid for weak anisotropy, though they have the same tendency of variation with azimuth. The phase of qR wave varies with depth unlike Rayleigh wave in an isotropic half-space. Unlike Rayleigh wave in an isotropic half-space, qR wave has three components - vertical, radial and transverse. Particle motion in horizontal plane is elliptic. Direction of the major axis of the ellipsis coincides with the direction of propagation only in azimuths 0° (180°) and 90° (270°).     

A Global Vertical Reference Frame Based on Four Regional Vertical Datums

A Global Vertical Reference Frame (GVRF) has been realized by means of several regional and local vertical datums (LVD) distributed world-wide: the North American Vertical Datum 1988 (NAVD 88), Australian Height Datum 1971 (AHD 71), LVD France, Institute Géographique National 1969 (IGN 69) and Brazilian Height Datum 1957 (BHD 57). The vertical shifts of the above LVD origins have been related to the adopted reference geopotential value W ₀ = (62 636 856.0 ± 0.5) m²s^–2 and they were determined at the 5 cm level. However, the W ₀ reference value can be chosen arbitrarily, the methodology, which was developed here, does not require that the above value be adopted.     

螺杆钻具纠斜的关键技术

国内 外施 工高 垂 直度 钻孔 的 唯一 方法 就 是以 有效 防 斜为 基础 ,加 密 测斜 ,并 及时 纠 斜 。 实践 证 明 ,螺 杆钻 纠斜 是 最有 效的 纠 斜方 法。 作 者讨 论了 螺 杆钻 纠斜 的 几个 关键 技 术问 题。     

垂直岩脉的大地电磁响应研究

对垂直岩脉的大地电磁响应进行解析推导,给出了TM极化和TE极化下高阻基底与低阻基底的垂直岩脉视电阻率解析公式,并通过对计算结果的分析,概括出垂直岩脉的大地电磁响应之视电阻率曲线特征。     

甚宽频带地震计频域标定的相关处理技术--用正交相关法提高大噪声条件下正弦波标定的精度

研究了正交相关法的数学原理,给出了仿真计算与测试应用的实例。结果表明,正交相关法具有很强的噪声抑制能力,克服了大噪声对标定精度的影响,大大提高了甚宽频带地震计的频域标定精度。     

西太平洋海域卫星测高重力垂直梯度分布

从地球重力场基本理论出发,推导了重力垂直梯度计算的数值积分公式,并利用由多颗测高卫星联合反演的2'×2'海洋重力异常资料,解算了西太平洋海域重力垂直梯度.将计算所得的重力异常垂直梯度与现有资料进行比较,其差值均方根为±10.08E,表明两者精度相当.此外,还对差值大小和空间分布进行了深入分析.     

姿态偏离对AVHRR图像导航的影响

在卫星遥感中,需要校正因地球形状、地球自转、卫星轨道变化以及姿态偏离等因素造成的图像畸变。分析了卫星姿态偏离对AVHRR图像横向比例畸变和纵向扭曲畸变的影响,指出与地球曲率一样,卫星滚动也可使图像产生横向比例畸变,并提出了相应的校正模型。     

荥经-马边-盐津逆冲构造带断裂运动组合及地震分段特征

逆冲构造带的分段性研究是评价该类发震构造地震危险性的基础工作。荥经-马边-盐津逆冲构造带是青藏高原东南边缘重要的NW向强震构造带,该构造带以逆冲错动为主要活动形式,其组合形式与逆冲强度存在南北差异。通过NE向横向断裂的构造地貌分析,发现横向断裂以右旋走滑活动为主,兼有倾滑活动。根据其与纵向断裂的交接关系,将横向断裂概括为横向分割断裂、横向撕裂断裂和横向转换断裂3种类型,讨论了3类横向断裂在逆冲构造带分段中所起的不同作用,进而将荥经-马边-盐津逆冲构造带分为独立的3段,并分析了各段的地震活动特征。研究表明,荥经-马边-盐津逆冲构造带以横向断裂为标志的3分段特点,既体现了段与段之间断裂活动强度、地震破裂强度与步调的差异,又体现了段内地震破裂步调的一致性,表明横向断裂在一定程度上控制了逆冲构造带的破裂分段,只是横向断裂的类型不同,其所起的作用也不同