Geometric and radiometric evaluation of Resouresat-1 sensors

Resourcesat-1, launched in October 2003, is the 10th in the series of Indian Remote Sensing satellites built by the Indian Space Research Organization. Resourcesat-1, also known as IRS-P6, provides continuity to applications developed using data from IRS-1C and IRS-1D satellites. It also offers newer applications owing to enhanced capabilities of the sensors. The satellite contains three different imaging sensors: LISS-IV, with a ground sampling distance (GSD) of 5.8 m; LISS-III, with a GSD of 23.5 m; and AWiFS, with a GSD of 56 m at nadir. This paper provides data quality evaluation of the Resourcesat-1 sensors in terms of geometric and radiometric qualities. It is found that the sensors onboard Resourcesat-1 spacecraft has met all the mission set specifications and will help to generate data products with the required image geolocation and radiometric quality.     

Compositional and geochemical characteristics of light hydrocarbons for typical marine oils and typical coal-generated oils in China

Different types of crude oils have different light hydrocarbon compositional and geochemical characteristics. Based on the light hydrocarbon data from two kinds of oils, i.e., coal-generated oils and marine oils in China, light hydrocarbons in marine oils in the Tazhong area are generally relatively enriched in n-heptane, and coal-generated oils from the Turpan Basin are enriched in methylcyclohexane. The K1 values, reported by Mango （1987）, range from 0.97 to 1.19 in marine oils, basically consistent with what was reported by Mango on light hydrocarbons in terms of the majority of the crude oil data. But the K1 values of coal-generated oils are particularly high （1.35-1.66） and far greater than those of marine oils; heptane values in marine oils, ranging from 32.3% to 45.4%, and isoheptane values, ranging from 1.9 to 3.7, are respectively higher than those of coal-generated oils, indicating that the oils are in the high-maturity stage. In addition, expulsion temperatures of coal-generated oils from the Turpan Basin are obviously lower than those of marine oils from the Tazhong area.     

The Occurrence of Oleananes in the Beibuwan Basin and Its Application to the Study of Maturity and Oil-Source Rock Correlation

The oleanane parameter, i.e., OP （oleananes/（oleananes＋C30hopanes）） in the two sedimentary columns of the Beibuwan Basin, South China Sea, can be used to delimit the top of oil generation window, with Ro （/%） of 0.53 in Well M1 and 0.55 in Wells H1/Hd1/Hd2, respectively. Comparing with vitrinite reflectance （Ro/%）, the OP features a dynamic range and can indicate the oil generation window more precisely. By using OP and other geochemical indices, the oil-source correlation is also conducted. It suggests that the oils in wells M1 and M2 are derived from the source rocks in situ. The mudstone in Huachang uplift is not the main source rocks for oils in this area, The OP is also a useful oil-source correlation parameter in some Tertiary lacustrine basins.     

利用差分进化算法反求含水层参数

为更好地估算含水层参数,引入了差分进化算法。该算法是一种智能优化算法,其特点是借助现有近似解群体间的距离及方向指导未来的搜索行为,兼具有较好的全局寻优能力和较快的局部搜索能力。用此算法求解了均质各向同性及均质各向异性条件下Theis公式中的含水层参数,所用降深数据是在设定参数后利用解析解计算得到的。计算结果表明,该算法较传统方法计算精度高,不受人为因素干扰。     

顾及截断偏差影响的TSVD截断参数确定方法

TSVD通过截断参数截掉较小的奇异值来改善病态性对估计的影响,其本质是通过引入少量偏差来降低方差,以提高估值的稳定性和可靠性。截断参数是影响TSVD解算效果的关键因素,常用的广义交叉核实法(GCV法)和L曲线法未从TSVD改善模型参数估值质量的角度确定截断参数,稳定性和可靠性不足,而最小MSE法理论依据充分但受限于MSE计算的准确性。通过分析TSVD由小到大截掉奇异值后,相应的估值方差与偏差变化,本文提出了引入偏差量小于降低方差量来确定截断参数的思想,并通过估计出较大奇异值截掉后的偏差引入量建立偏差估值可信区间,利用可信区间内偏差估值与方差下降量进行比较,避免较小奇异值截掉后的方差下降量与偏差引入量的直接比较,从而解决参数真值未知截掉较小奇异值引入偏差量难以准确计算的问题。最后通过试验验证了新方法的可行性和有效性,相比于GCV法和L曲线法,新方法确定的截断参数稳定性和可靠性更高,可有效提高TSVD的解算效果。     

动态位姿激光跟踪测量定向解算精度分析

激光跟踪仪采用激光干涉测量技术,可对空间运动目标进行跟踪并实时测量其空间三维坐标,具有采样频率高、测量精度高、测量范围大等特点。根据测量对象动态性的特点,对动态位姿测量的需求更加迫切,由多台激光跟踪仪组成的测量系统对目标进行实时动态位姿测量引起人们的关注。文中由3台激光跟踪仪组成动态测量系统,建立测站坐标系,根据空间直角坐标系转换模型统一测量坐标系,提出两种转换参数的计算方法,并通过实验验证两种方法的可行性和精度。     

月球辐射照度模型比对及地基对月观测验证

月球是除太阳外对地张角最大的天体,反射率稳定性为10–8每年,适合用于遥感卫星的辐射定标、夜间地基大气遥感和夜间卫星遥感,但月球辐射照度模型的精度束缚了上述应用的发展。为检验现有ROLO(RObotic Lunar Observatory)和MT2009(Miller-Turner 2009)地基整盘月球辐射照度模型的精度,国家卫星气象中心于2015年底至2016年初在云南丽江组织了3个月的地基对月观测,使用高光谱月球成像光谱仪获取了399.00—1060.00 nm连续光谱的月球辐射照度。基于整盘月球辐射照度模型,利用丽江地基对月观测试验资料,对比模型与模型、模型与丽江地基观测月球辐射照度。结果表明:(1)MT2009与ROLO模型在短波红外谱段的差异明显大于可见光谱段;(2)地基观测高光谱月球辐射照度结果与ROLO模型更接近,但是可见光波段比ROLO模型辐射照度平均小5.86%左右。为探究差异产生的主要来源,对结果还进行了进一步的分析和讨论,以期为今后月球辐射模型的改进和夜间微光遥感研究提供经验和依据。     

三维GIS平台复杂工况下的电气校验

针对传统输电线路设计过程中校验过程困难、精度低的问题,基于三维GIS平台设计了三维电气校验模块,利用悬链线理论、空间坐标转换、状态方程等计算方法实现了不同的工况条件下对"导线对地距离""导地线间距离""导线对地物距离""极限档距"及"安全间隙"的校验,校验算法的准确性通过了设计院的校核。通过多个工程的试用表明,该方法不仅提高设计人员的工作效率,而且可以提高电气校验的精度,研究结果对输电线路数字化设计过程中电气校验具有一定的参考价值。     

几何校正后的三维地形可视化及应用

三维可视化技术的发展日益成熟,本文以ERDAS IMAGINE软件为基础,利用Arc GIS软件将该地形图的高程数据转换为高精度的数字高程模型,通过影像的几何校正后,将DEM影像与该区域的多光谱影像图进行叠加,从而实现了三维地形的可视化。几何校正后的三维地形真实感更强,并在此基础上分析了三维地形可视化的应用,对于虚拟现实技术的迅速发展有着重要的意义。     

多目标遗传算法改进的加权多点灰色模型

针对传统多点灰色预测模型MGM(1,n)白化背景值构造方法不合理性导致模型往往不符合变形体实际情况的问题,该文提出了一种基于遗传算法的加权MGM(1,n)模型。引入白化背景值最佳生成权值矩阵替换传统模型背景值构造公式中的紧邻均值生成权阵,较好地顾及变形区域内多监测点变形趋势的突变性与不规则性,弥补了线性系统MGM(1,n)模型在非线性动力学系统变形预测分析应用中的不足;建立多目标优化实数编码遗传算法,实现背景值最优构造权阵的迭代搜索。基于仿真和工程实例数据的建模结果表明:改进模型较传统MGM(1,n)模型预测精度提高,抗噪声干扰能力增强。