卡尔曼滤波技术在伪距法动态定位中的应用探讨

本文对动态定位数据处理中应用卡尔曼滤波方法进行研究，通过模拟数据和实测数据采用自编软件进行数据处理，并对成果进行统计分析，最后，讨论了采用卡尔曼滤波方法的缺点，得出了一些有益的结论。     

水文预报及信息显示系统开发研究

介绍了SMAR(Soil Moisture Accounding and Routing)模型及其改进--分布式任意时段长模型。简要讨论了参数优化,河道汇流演算方法、实时预报及校正理论等。介绍了水文预报及信息显示系统的组成、功能、特点和环境要求及该系统在长江三峡区间洪水预报中的应用。     

泰安地区近震波速及地壳厚度的测定

本文第一部分选取泰安台473型地震仪1985—1990年记录的70个地震资料,通过计算,得到泰安台附近的地壳厚度为H=36.5km,直达波的平均传播速度:V_P=6.18km/s、V_s=3.55km/s;反射波的传播速度:V_(P11)=6.45km/s、V_(S11)=3.79km/s;绕射波的传播速度:V_(Pn)=7.95km/s;平均虚波速度:V_φ=8.34km/s;平均波速比K=1.74。第二部分选取了泰安台基式地震仪有SP′震相记录的地震21个,求出了泰安台附近的地壳厚度为37km,并分析了SP′震相在泰安台的记录特征,初步得到SP′震相可观测范围为25°—60°。     

Variations of the geomagnetic field and the geomagnetic effects of three earthquakes ( M s>5.0) in Jiangsu Province, China

Since 1979 the repeated observations and experiments of geomagnetic total intensity and vertical component have been carried out for ten years in the geomagetic network which is located in Jiangsu Province, China. Three earthquakes aboveM _s 5.0 occurred during the decade, and some seismomagnetic effects were observed. The observation results show that the anomalies of the vertical geomagnetic component can’t be observed untill some months before the earthquake (M _s>5.0) in this area. In this paper it is suggested that a densely distributed network for continuous observation of geomagnetic vertical component may catch seismomagnetic anomalies and thus improve earthquake prediction in the light of the geomagnetic measurements of the mid — or — low latitude locations. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,13, 80–87, 1991. This study is sponsored by the Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation.     

On the crust structure near focus and the far-field body wave synthetic seismograms

In this paper we discuss two types of crust models with abnormal density, velocity of wave and certain geometrical structures. The far-field synthetic seismograms of P and SH wave are calculated by the far-field vertical displacement formulas of P and SH waves with the double couple point source and the formulas of reflection coefficient, radiation pattern and travelling time difference derived from the models suggested in the paper. It is shown by the results that the effect of special crust structures near focus on the far-field seismograms can be ignored if the densities and wave velocity of the special structure are less than average those of the crust (model I). However the effect should be noticed if the densities and wave velosities of the structure are large than average those of the crust (modelI). The effect of the special crust structure on the far-field seismograms has not been studied further before. Seismic records of the Haicheng earthquake and the crust structure in Haicheng region are studied by the calculation method in the paper. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 1993.     

强地震动数据采集实时系统研究

本文介绍了GDQJ-2型强地震动数据采集实时系统的结构原理和技术性能,着重介绍了一个台网形式的数据采集实时系统数据的处理流程、系统软件的多线程处理、对串口和Modem的操纵方式、数据帧的构成和压缩方式等。该系统可用于强地震观测和工程振动测量。     

Using unmanned underwater vehicles as research platforms in coastal ocean studies

The advantages of using unmanned underwater vehicles in coastal ocean studies are emphasized. Two types of representative vehicles, remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) from University of South Florida, are discussed. Two individual modular sensor packages designed and tested for these platforms and field measurement results are also presented. The bottom classification and albedo package, BCAP, provides fast and accurate estimates of bottom albedos, along with other parameters such as in-water remote sensing reflectance. The real-time ocean bottom optical topographer, ROBOT, reveals high-resolution 3-dimentional bottom topography for target identification. Field data and results from recent Coastal Benthic Optical Properties field campaign, 1999 and 2000, are presented. Advantages and limitations of these vehicles and applications of modular sensor packages are compared and discussed.     

Yielding oscillator subjected to simple pulse waveforms: numerical analysis & closed‐form solutions

Numerical and analytical solutions are presented for the elastic and inelastic response of single‐degree‐of‐freedom yielding oscillators to idealized ground acceleration pulses. These motions are typical of near‐fault earthquake recordings generated by forward rupture directivity and may inflict damage in the absence of substantial structural strength and ductility capacity. Four basic pulse waveforms are examined: (1) triangular; (2) sinusoidal; (3) exponential; and (4) rectangular. In the first part of the article, a numerical study is presented of the effect of oscillator period, strength, damping, post‐yielding stiffness and number of excitation cycles, on inelastic response. Results are presented in the form of dimensionless graphs and regression formulas that elucidate the salient features of the problem. It is shown that conventional R–µ relations may significantly underestimate ductility demand imposed by near‐fault motions. The second part of the article concentrates on elastic‐perfectly plastic oscillators. Closed‐form solutions are derived for post‐yielding response and associated ductility demand. It is shown that all three ground motion histories (i.e. acceleration, velocity, and displacement) control oscillator response—contrary to the widespread view that ground velocity alone is of leading importance. The derived solutions provide insight on the physics of inelastic response, which is often obscured by the complexity of numerical algorithms and actual earthquake motions. The model is evaluated against numerical results from near‐field recordings. A case study is presented. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

成都市近地表大气尘的矿物学特征及其环境指示意义

通过对成都市近地表大气尘X射线衍射、电镜扫描分析等研究显示:其主要由石英、长石、伊利石、绿泥石、方解石、石膏等矿物组成;就其形状看有致密的不规则粒状、片状单矿物、不规则粒状聚合体、浑圆形球状飘珠、聚合体放大观察可见片状的粘土矿物和细小的粒状单矿物,偶见藻类;矿物形貌特征及矿物组成空间分布特征的研究显示:球形状飘珠及伊利石、绿泥石、石膏的空间分布特征与工业布局和表层土壤的pH值密切相关,成都市近地表大气尘主要为地表扬尘和工业烟尘的混合物;与土壤的矿物组成比较可见,近地表大气尘重金属污染除土壤贡献外,还有其他污染贡献;石膏在本次研究中平均含量高达8.2%,推测可能成为成都市往年燃煤量大而无明显酸雨现象的原因之一。     

内蒙西部银根-额济纳中生代盆地群叠置类型与勘探领域

内蒙西部银根-额济纳盆地群是在前古生代基底上发育起来的中、新生代“叠置型”盆地群。构造演化经历了三叠纪的热拱隆张阶段、早中侏罗世的初始裂谷盆地阶段、早白垩世的裂谷盆地发育阶段、晚白垩世的引张坳陷阶段、第三纪到第四纪的陆内聚敛挤压阶段。主要形成了下白垩统半深湖相烃源岩,其次为中下侏罗统煤系烃源岩。根据构造层之间的叠置关系,可划分为完全叠置型、基本叠置型、迁移叠置型3种盆地(凹陷)类型。不同叠置类型盆地(凹陷)的烃源岩发育特征、各类圈闭发育特征不同,油气成藏条件差别较大,勘探方向和勘探领域不同。根据裂谷小湖盆的沉积发育特征,应围绕沉积“洼槽”中心的烃源岩开展近源勘探,分别指出了不同叠置型盆地(凹陷)的勘探领域:叠置型盆地(凹陷)主要以控盆断裂带的滚动背斜、缓坡带的岩性、地层不整合圈闭为主要勘探领域;基本叠置型盆地(凹陷)主要以中央断裂隆起构造带的断鼻、断块圈闭为主要勘探领域;迁移叠置型盆地(凹陷)主要以不整合圈闭和缓坡带的岩性圈闭为主要勘探领域。