柑桔皮中黄酮类物质的提取与纯化研究

采用微波法对蜜桔皮中黄酮类化合物进行提取。将单因素分析与正交试验相结合,得到微波法提取蜜桔皮中黄酮类化舍物的最佳工艺条件：提取剂乙醇体积分数为50％;微波功率为560w;提取时间为4min;料液比（g／mL）为1：30。每克蜜桔皮中提取黄酮类化合物为0．52mg,回收率为93．3％。在最佳参数组合下,桔皮黄酮提取量可这最大,并且研究了AB-8大孔吸附树脂对桔皮黄酮的吸附和解吸附特性和纯化效果,结果表明AB-8大孔树脂可用与桔皮中总黄酮的纯化。     

融安县金柑大小年结果的气候成因与对策

通过找出金柑结果大小年变异的年份, 分析两种类型年份间的气象条件, 得出金柑第一次开花花芽分化阶段出现长期低温天气和开花、果实膨大时期遇高温、干旱天气是造成融安县金柑小年结果的气候原因, 并提出相应的生产对策     

柑橘植株冠层氮素和光合色素含量近地遥感估测

柑橘植株营养状况的遥感监测是实现果树轻简高效管理和优质丰产的重要手段,但迄今有关基于低空遥感信息的果树营养诊断研究鲜见报道。本文采用具有490 nm、550 nm、570 nm、671 nm、680 nm、700 nm、720 nm、800 nm、840 nm、900 nm、950 nm等11个波段光谱的八旋翼飞行器(UAV)载多光谱遥感系统,获取距地面100 m高度的哈姆林甜橙植株春季冠层近地遥感信息,对比分析基于多元散射校正(MSC)和标准正态变量(SNV)两种预处理光谱和原始光谱(OS)的偏最小二乘(PLS)、多元线性回归(MLR)、主成分回归(PCR)及最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)等4种模型对冠层叶片氮素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量预测精度的影响。结果显示,距地面100 m高度的多光谱信息,通过SNV光谱预处理和MLR建模对冠层叶片氮素、叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量的预测效果均较好,预测集相关系数(Rp)值分别达0.8036、0.8065和0.8107,预测均方根误差(RMSEP)值分别为0.1363、0.0427和0.0243;而在SNV光谱预处理基础上的LS-SVM建模对冠层类胡萝卜素含量预测效果更优,Rp值达到了0.8535,RMSEP值为0.0117。表明利用机载多光谱图像信息可实现对柑橘植株冠层全氮及叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量的较好估算,为大规模柑橘园植株冠层营养状况的精准和高效监测提供了一条新途径。     

不同表面活性剂修饰TiO2柱撑粘土的制备及其光催化活性研究

本文分别采用阴离子、非离子、阳离子三种不同类型的表面活性剂对河北蒙脱石进行改性修饰,并以酞酸丁酯和盐酸分别为前驱物和酸催化剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法（Sol-gel）制备了不同表面活性剂修饰TiO2柱撑粘土催化剂.用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）和场发射扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等手段表征了催化剂的微观结构,以2,4,6-三氯苯酚（2,4,6-trichlorophenol, TCP）和甲基橙染料的吸附、降解为模型反应,考察了改变溶胶和表面活性剂的不同添加顺序对阳离子表面活性剂所修饰的催化剂性质的影响,以及不同类型的表面活性剂修饰所得的催化剂的光催化活性.实验结果表明,通过添加不同的表面活性剂能够不同程度地改变柱撑粘土的BET比表面积,并使其对不同目标污染物具有不同的吸附能力和光催化活性.阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠（DBS）修饰的TiO2柱撑粘土具有较好的光催化活性,其次是非离子表面活性剂聚乙烯醇（PVA）修饰的TiO2柱撑粘土,而阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTMAB）修饰的柱撑粘土光催化活性较差.     

奉节脐橙种植区土壤地球化学特征

在奉节脐橙种植区野外采集表层土壤样进行分析,探讨了土壤中常量元素、主要微量元素及其有效态的地球化学特征。表层土壤中,主要营养指标N、P、Corg含量较高,K含量一般;微量元素Fe、Zn、B分布较均匀,Mn、Mo分布不太均匀,Cu分布不均匀;土壤元素有效态中,有效态P、Mn、Cu、Si、K、Fe含量丰富。     

Quantifying the relative intensity of fishing on New Zealand seamounts

New Zealand seamounts support major fisheries for several deepwater fish species, including orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) and smooth oreo (Pseudocyttus maculatus). Although a high proportion of features in the depth range 500–1000 m have been fished, very little is known about the ecological impacts of bottom trawling on seamounts. The potential impact is likely to be influenced by the spatial extent and frequency of fishing. A new index is presented to assess the relative intensity of trawling on New Zealand seamounts. The fishing effects index (FEI) incorporates information on the density of fishing on the seamount as a proportion of the seabed area and also on tow direction. Detailed fisheries data from more than 250 000 tows were examined to calculate FEI for New Zealand seamounts. The most intensively fished seamounts were on the south Chatham Rise, an area characterised by a large number of relatively small features which were fished serially for orange roughy in the 1980s and 1990s. Other seamounts with high FEI were on the north Chatham Rise, Challenger Plateau, and off the east coast of the North Island. A range of sensitivity analyses indicated that the general rankings of seamounts were relatively robust to the choice of arbitrary thresholds used to assign tows to seamounts.     

The fine structure of check rings in the otolith of the New Zealand orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus)

Heating otoliths of the orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus; Trachichthyidae) by the break‐and‐burn method causes a crystal transformation from aragonite to calcite. However, the change does not affect the legibility of the check rings. Orange roughy otolith check rings fall into two classes: a diffuse deposit (that is not visible in the break‐and‐burn method, but may have an annual periodicity) and structural check rings (which appear as fine lines on the surface, but as dark bands in the body of the otolith). Structural check ring deposition is irregular, but fortuitous aggregations of structural check rings might be mistaken for conventional annual check rings.     

强干热天气对柑桔产量的影响

分析了１９８８年强干热天气过程对柑桔开花座果及其产量的影响和危害，提出了防御对策。     

湖北省1991年度柑桔冻害与避冻栽培区划

文章研究了湖北省各地1992年柑桔单产的减产率与1991年12月最低气温的关系，发现两者之间是一种指数相关关系，它能较好地解释冻害程度与最低气温的关系。用Gumbel分布计算了59个台站5、10、20、25和50年一遇的最低气温。并根据各地不同的10年一遇最低气温，将湖北省分成适宜、次适宜和不适宜柑桔种植区。为柑桔避冻栽培提供了科学依据。     

滴定水样总碱度中终点的确定和指示剂的选择

本文讨论了水样中总碱度含量与滴定等当点的变化关系和甲基橙在不同pH值下颜色的变化情况。试验了可用于滴定水样总碱度的常见的10种酸碱指示剂。结果表明,用溴甲酚绿指示终点优越,颜色突跃清楚。