Three‐parameter discontinuous distributions for hydrological samples with zero values

A consistent approach to the frequency analysis of hydrologic data in arid and semiarid regions, i.e. the data series containing several zero values (e.g. monthly precipitation in dry seasons, annual peak flow discharges, etc.), requires using discontinuous probability distribution functions. Such an approach has received relatively limited attention. Along the lines of physically based models, the extensions of the Muskingum‐based models to three parameter forms are considered. Using 44 peak flow series from the USGS data bank, the fitting ability of four three‐parameter models was investigated: (1) the Dirac delta combined with Gamma distribution; (2) the Dirac delta combined with two‐parameter generalized Pareto distribution; (3) the Dirac delta combined with two‐parameter Weibull (DWe) distribution; (4) the kinematic diffusion with one additional parameter that controls the probability of the zero event (KD3). The goodness of fit of the models was assessed and compared both by evaluation of discrepancies between the results of both estimation methods (i.e. the method of moments (MOM) and the maximum likelihood method (MLM)) and using the log of likelihood function as a criterion. In most cases, the DWe distribution with MLM‐estimated parameters showed the best fit of all the three‐parameter models. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国测绘卫星的发展思路和应用展望

国家测绘局经过多年的研究开发,已基本形成了卫星测图的科学生产工艺,对于更大程度上发挥卫星遥感应用潜力起到了积极推动作用。为适应遥感技术的发展,国家测绘局已经于2005年编制了《测绘部门十一五航天规划(草案)》,测绘卫星计划包括研制发射我国自主的测绘系列卫星和建立自主版权的测绘卫星综合应用服务体系。高分辨率测绘系列卫星包括:高分辨率光学立体测图卫星、干涉雷达卫星、激光测高卫星和重力卫星等。随着我国航天事业和卫星制造技术的蓬勃发展,未来的卫星测绘应用能力将得到进一步加强。     

21世纪初期河南地质找矿战略理论与技术方法

本文概述了新、老矿区的战略找矿方向和基础理论找矿模式,提出测试、钻探及最佳找矿技术方法组合,强化组织管理是地质勘查的正确思路     

Analytical formulas for the geometric and inertia quantities of the largest removable blocks around tunnels

This paper presents algorithms for determining the vertices of the maximum removable block (MB) created by a joint pyramid (JP) around a tunnel when discontinuities are fully persistent. It is shown that an MB cannot be formed by more than 4 discontinuities and this drastically limits the proliferation of rock blocks that need to be analysed. The non‐convex block obtained after the MB is tunnelled through (real maximum block, RMB) is partitioned into a set of tetrahedra, and procedures are given for determining the vertices of these tetrahedra. Geometric and inertia quantities needed for stability analysis and support/reinforcement design are determined as functions of the calculated vertices' co‐ordinates. These quantities are: RMB's volume, face areas, perimeter of the excavated surface, centroid and inertia tensor. The algorithms for their calculation are at least two times faster than other algorithms previously proposed in other applications. It is shown that the formulations presented by Goodman and Shi for translational analysis and by Tonon for rotatability analysis can be used to analyse the RMBs using the geometric quantities presented. A numerical example is presented among those used to verify these analytical procedures and their implementation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Describing and generating facies models for reservoir characterisation: 2D map view

This paper documents a new method for describing channel-related sedimentary deposits based on formal language theory. Using this method an analogue model of a sedimentary deposit can be encoded as a grammar. A program, called a parser, has been developed which can generate stochastic maps of these sedimentary deposits based on information in a specified grammar. The maps of sedimentary deposits generated by the parser have the same type, spatial arrangement, shape and size distribution as the analogue model. The successful generation of depositional maps represents a crucial step in the ongoing development of a new technique designed to generate 3D static geological models of sedimentary successions. The maps can be conditioned to match sparse hard data in the form of channel segments interpreted from seismic horizon maps.     

基于时空特征分析技术的烤烟GIS系统

本文分析了烤烟信息系统对烤烟种植、生产和销售的重要作用,构建系统的必要性和应用需求,并在.NET框架下,利用ArcEngine和ArcSDE,以C/S结构实现该系统。介绍了系统的结构和功能:包括地图服务、烤烟信息查询统计和烤烟地理信息时空分析和决策支持。同时,讨论了实现该系统的关键技术,包括时空数据库、时空序列的烤烟时空事件分析模型、Web服务等。时空数据包括业务数据和行政区数据两类,对于行政区,除了需要记录行政区的生命周期外,还需记录行政区变更事件,通过行政区变更事件表查询行政区撤消、合并等事件后的业务数据,进而实现时空分析。系统的实现对促进烤烟生产信息化有重积极意义。     

国土资源数据管理初探

在分析国土资源数据及其管理特点的基础上，基于国土资源信息化和数据资源保护，将国土资源数据整体上分为资料数据、基础数据、业务数据、管理数据和元数据5类，提出了各类数据进行计算机管理的组织方法和采用的相关技术。     

地理信息公共服务平台的总体技术设计研究

国家地理信息公共服务平台建设与运行维护是一项超大型地理信息工程。为了切实做好统筹规划、统一设计、规范建设、分步实施,国家测绘局组织开展了总体技术设计研究,制订了技术设计指南。本文介绍了国家地理信息公共服务平台总体设计的基本思路和总体架构。     

基于云理论、粗集和模糊神经网络的区域橡胶种植适宜度评估模型

针对橡胶种植适宜性评估,基于云理论、粗集理论和模糊神经网络理论,提出了一种适宜度评估模型。该模型将转化的样本数据进行粗集简约,通过模糊神经网络得出评价因子的隶属函数,计算评价等级。研究结果表明,此模型能够科学、快速、准确地分析出橡胶种植最适宜区、适宜区、次适宜区和不适宜区。