Extended precise integration method for axisymmetric thermo‐elastic problem in transversely isotropic material

This paper presents a numerical solution for the analysis of the axisymmetric thermo‐elastic problem in transversely isotropic material due to a buried heat source by means of extended precise integral method. By virtue of the Laplace–Hankel transform applied into the basic governing equations, an ordinary differential matrix equation is achieved, which describes the relationship between the generalized stresses and displacements in transformed domain. An extended precise integration method is introduced to solve the aforementioned matrix equation, and the actual solution in the physical domain is acquired by inverting the Laplace–Hankel transform. Numerical examples are carried out to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method and elucidate the influence of the character of transverse isotropy, the anisotropy of linear expansion coefficient, the anisotropy of thermal diffusivity, and medium's stratification on the thermo‐elastic response. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

关于黄土包气带水份运移参数计算问题

本文利用陕西省礼泉县西庄头村实验场竖井不同深度5个土样(黑垆土—0.5m;马兰黄土—2.5m;古土壤—8.4m;离石黄土—12m)的实验数据,计算了其水份运移参数D(θ)和C(θ);并借助相关分析法,建立了这5种土样水份运移参数的经验公式,最后,用比较计算含水率和实测含水率的办法,证明了经验公式的可靠性。     

The Baroclinic, Variable Eddy Viscosity Ekman Layer

The WKB method is used in conjunction with the variation of parameters technique to find an approximate analytical solution for Ekman layers with eddy viscosity and horizontal pressure gradient that are each variable with height from the surface. Behaviour of the solution is illustrated by comparing model output when several eddy viscosity and horizontal pressure gradient profiles are used. Cases where the pressure gradient decreases with height accentuate the super-geostrophic peak in the wind velocity profile, with decreasing eddy viscosity with height further enhancing this effect. Increasing pressure gradient with height reduces or eliminates the peak. The model output when using an eddy viscosity that has a low-level peak fits marine boundary-layer data taken during ASTEX better than the classic solution - the model giving greater low-level mixing which is seen in ASTEX data as well as in data from ERICA.     

南海北部中深层细结构混合研究

基于2007年8月获得的ADCP（声学多普勒流速剖面仪）海流资料和CTD（温盐深剖面仪）水文资料，应用Gregg模型对南海中深层内波尺度的混合进行估计，同时应用Thorpe尺度对中深层存在的垂向翻转及由此引起的混合进一步分析。两种方法均显示，吕宋海峡附近上层400m的耗散率及混合率均强于18°N断面，中深层两个区域的混合率并没有显著区别。这表明吕宋海峡上层400m，可能存在更活跃的内波活动，从而产生更强的内波混合和垂向水团翻转。Gregg模型估计的耗散率和混合率量级分别为10^-9W·kg^-1和10^-6m^2·s^-1。大部分CTD站位在中深层均存在垂向翻转，而且保持较高的发生率，翻转所对应的混合率并不随深度增加而减小。以上南海北部的细结构混合特征增强对南海中深层混合的认识。     

盐浴法红宝石离子扩散优化处理研究

采用盐浴法,对红宝石进行离子热扩散处理,应用XL-30 ESEM型扫描电镜与phoenix能谱仪,对样品进行了形貌和元素测试,分析了盐浴法红宝石离子扩散处理的机理,为红宝石热扩散处理提供一种更好的方法。     

Formation and transport of intermediate water masses in a model of the Pacific Ocean

A basin-wide ocean general circulation model of the Pacific Ocean was used to investigate how the interior restoration in the Okhotsk Sea and the isopycnal diffusion affect the circulation and intermediate water masses. Four numerical experiments were conducted, including a run with the same isopycnal and thickness diffusivity of 1.0×103 m2/s, a run employing the interior restoration of temperature and salinity in the Okhotsk Sea with a time scale of 3 months, a run that is the same as the first run except for the enhanced isopycnal mixing, and a final run with the combination of the restoration in the Okhotsk Sea and large isopycnal diffusivity. Simulated results show that the intermediate water masses reproduced in the first run are relatively weak. An increase in isopycnal diffusivity can improve the simulation of both Antarctic and North Pacific intermediate waters, mainly increasing the transport in the interior ocean, but inhibiting the outflow from the Okhotsk Sea. The interior restoration generates the reverse current from the observation in the Okhotsk Sea, whereas the simulation of the temperature and salinity is improved in the high latitude region of the Northern Hemisphere because of the reasonable source of the North Pacific Intermediate Water. A comparison of vertical profiles of temperature and salinity along 50°N between the simulation and observations demonstrates that the vertical mixing in the source region of intermediate water masses is very important.     

Convective plan-form of two-scale dynamos in a plane layer

We study generation of magnetic fields, involving large spatial scales, by convective plan-forms in a horizontal layer. Magnetic modes and their growth rates are expanded in power series in the scale ratio, and the magnetic eddy diffusivity (MED) tensor is derived for flows, symmetric about the vertical axis in a layer. For convective rolls we demonstrate that MED is never below molecular magnetic diffusivity. For cell patterns possessing the symmetries of a rectangle, critical values of molecular magnetic diffusivity for the onset of small- and large-scale magnetic field generation are the same. No instances of negative MED in hexagonal cells have been detected. A family of plan-forms has been found numerically, where MED is negative for molecular magnetic diffusivity over the threshold for the onset of small-scale magnetic field generation. However, the region in the parameter space, where large-scale dynamo action is observed, is small.     

Mean-field equations for weakly nonlinear two-scale perturbations of forced hydromagnetic convection in a rotating layer

We consider stability of regimes of hydromagnetic thermal convection in a rotating horizontal layer with free electrically-conducting boundaries, to perturbations involving large spatial and temporal scales. Equations governing the evolution of weakly nonlinear mean perturbations are derived under the assumption that the α-effect is insignificant in the leading-order (e.g. due to a symmetry of the system). The mean-field equations generalise the standard equations of hydromagnetic convection: New terms emerge – a second-order linear operator representing the combined eddy diffusivity and quadratic terms associated with the eddy advection. If the perturbed CHM regime is nonsteady and insignificance of the α-effect in the system does not rely on the presence of a spatial symmetry, the combined eddy diffusivity operator also involves a nonlocal pseudodifferential operator. If the perturbed CHM state is almost symmetric, α-effect terms appear in the mean-field equations as well. Near a point of a symmetry-breaking bifurcation, cubic nonlinearity emerges in the equations. All the new terms are in general anisotropic. A method for evaluation of their coefficients is presented; it requires solution of a significantly smaller number of auxiliary problems than in a straightforward approach.     

不同粒径沙土水分扩散率

应用水平土柱入渗法测定了科尔沁沙地典型沙质农田不同粒径沙土的水分扩散率。结果表明:不同粒径沙土湿润锋迁移速率的大小依次是0.50~0.25 mm、0.25~0.10 mm、原状土、<0.10 mm的沙土;土壤粒径与入渗性能呈正比关系,即粒径大,则入渗快,反之则小;湿润锋迁移速率与入渗距离符合幂函数关系,相关分析结果均达到了极显著水平;粒径<0.10 mm的沙土,当土壤容积含水量<0.415时,λ值随含水量的增加而缓慢降低,而当含水量>0.415时,λ值则随含水量的增加而迅速降低;随着土壤粒径的减小,土壤水分扩散率逐渐降低,其大小依次是0.50~0.25 mm、原状土、0.25~0.10 mm、<0.10 mm的沙土;土壤容积含水率与土壤水扩散率符合经验公式并呈指数曲线变化,相关分析结果具有极显著的正相关关系。     

西北戈壁区夏季一次降水前后土壤温度变化规律分析

利用简单的土壤热传导方程建立模型,并结合小波变换方法,分析了2004年6月22日～8月18日金塔绿洲附近观测的戈壁土壤温度序列,重点关注地下10 cm的土壤温度变化.结果表明,在观测时段土壤温度除了有明显的日变化外,还存在周期为准4天和准两周的波动.利用滑动相关分析后发现,太阳向下短波辐射强度与土壤温度日变化能量存在显著的正相关,这与利用土壤热传导模型分析土壤日变化振幅年变化的相关研究的结论一致.太阳向下短波辐射强度与准4天周期波动实部分量在降水前后存在负相关关系.比较观测时段土壤温度准4天波动能量与同时期的天空温度,发现准4天波动可能与持续增强的云逆辐射有关.通过分析降水前后土壤温度、土壤含水量的变化,发现二者的日变化在降水后与降水前相比,振幅增大,位相前移.这一结果可以用土壤热扩散率在一定范围内随土壤含水量增大而增大得到解释.最后利用回归分析发现T10的准两周波动可能与更大范围的大气环流场异常有关.