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31.
NumericalModellingoftheEffectsofOzoneontheSummerAtmosphericCirculationWangQianqian(王谦谦);WangYinhui(汪迎辉);SongYu(宋煜)(Naminginst... 相似文献
32.
Mineral composition variation in Alpine Schist, Southern Alps, New Zealand: Implications for recrystallization and exhumation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract Compositional variation of silicates (plagioclase, K-feldspar, epidote, titanite, garnet, white mica, biotite, chlorite), ilmenite, carbonates (calcite, ankerite) and apatite, in quartzofeldspathic lithologies of the Alpine Schist, New Zealand, is discussed in terms of increasing metamorphic grade and possible isograd-producing reactions. The mineral data, in conjunction with geological considerations, are used to determine polychronous P-T arrays of an early high P/T event (c. 16°C/kb; 5°C/km) overprinted by a lower P/T event (c. 50°C/kb; 15°C/km) that provides an estimation of Mesozoic and Cenozoic exhumation of schist of 11 to 13 km and 19 to 22 km respectively. The effects of possible shear heating and recrystallization to form K-feldspar zone schist near the Alpine Fault is consistent with movement along a mid to lower crustal detachment surface during Cenozoic shortening, and near isothermal exhumation of the schists to form the Southern Alps. 相似文献
33.
Based on a zonally non-uniform mean circulation in summer simulated by numerical modelling,perturba-tion heatings ever South Asia and a perturbation cooling over Northwest Australia were incorporated in a nu-merical model to discuss their effects on summer monsoon over Asia and the structure of flow disturbance. 相似文献
34.
Based on a zonally non-uniform mean circulation in summer simulated by numerical modelling,perturbation heatings ever South Asia and a perturbation cooling over Northwest Australia were incorporated in a numerical model to discuss their effects on summer monsoon over Asia and the structure of flow disturbance. 相似文献
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36.
关于热带大气低频振荡的一个简单模式与数值模拟 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文首先从观测事实分析了热带大气的低频振荡现象,然后从理论上加以研究。为此,本文建立了一个包括触发热源和CISK机制的三维线性模式,用此模式讨论了热带大气低频振荡的性质、结构、传播和动力学机制。从模式的计算结果得到了周期为30d左右以大约9 m/s的速度向东传播的低频振荡现象,这种振荡为Kelvin波型的响应和向西传播的Rossby波型的响应的结合。计算还表明,这种振荡的周期与触发热源的周期关系不大,这说明了热带大气的低频振荡是大气自身的固有振荡,它是大尺度运动与对流凝结加热相互作用的结果。 相似文献
37.
冬、夏季青藏高原地面加热场激发的500hPa遥相关型 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文用青藏高原地面加热场强度来表征高原的加热状况,并用统计的方法,分析了冬季(2月)和夏季(7月)青藏高原地面加热场强度与同期500hPa位势高度的遥相关关系,得到如下结论:冬季高原地面加热场可激发北半球500hPa产生遥相关型,这种遥相关型可看成是二维Rossby波列由低纬向东北方向传播;夏季高原地面加热场可激发北半球500hPa产生类似于EU型的遥相关,这种遥相关型可看成二维Rossby波列由 相似文献
38.
An atmospheric monitoring station is operated at Cape Matatula, American Samoa, by the Geophysical Monitoring for Climatic Change program under the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. A nearly continuous record of condensation nucleus (CN) concentration and multiwavelength aerosol scattering extinction coefficient (sp) is available from mid-1977 to the present. This report presents the 1977–1983 data. The long-term mean of CN concentration is 274 cm-3 the long-term mean of sp (550 nm) is 1.54×10-5, and no significant long-term, annual, or diurnal trend is apparent in either data record. 相似文献
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40.
Natural underground coal fires are fires in coal seams occurring subsurface. The fires are ignited through a process named spontaneous combustion, which occurs based on a natural reaction but is usually triggered through human interaction. Coal mining activities expose coal to the air. This leads to the exothermal oxidation of the carbon in the coal with the air's oxygen to CO2 and – under certain circumstances – to spontaneous combustion. Coal fires occur in many countries world wide – however, currently the Chinese coal mining industry faces the biggest problems with coal fires. Coal fires destroy the valuable resource coal and furthermore lead to many environmental degradation phenomena such as the deterioration of surrounding vegetation, land subsidence and the emission of toxic gasses (CO, N2O). They additionally contribute to the emission of green house relevant gasses such as CO2 and CH4 to the atmosphere.In this paper we present thermal characteristics of coal fires as measured in-situ during a field campaign to the Wuda coal fire area in south-central Inner Mongolia, China. Thermal characteristics include temperature anomaly measurements at the surface, spatial surface temperature profiles of fire areas and unaffected background areas, diurnal temperature profiles, and temperature measurements inside of coal fire induced cracks in the overlying bedrock. For all the measurements the effects of uneven solar heating through influences of slope and aspect are considered.Our findings show that coal fires result in strong or subtle thermal surface anomalies. Especially the latter can easily be influenced by heating of the surrounding background material through solar influences. Temperature variation of background rocks with different albedo, slope, aspect or vegetation cover can substantially influence the detectability of thermal anomalies. In the worst case coal fire related thermal anomalies can be completely masked by solar patterns during the daytime. Thus, night-time analysis is the most suitable for thermal anomaly mapping of underground coal fires, although this is not always feasible. The heat of underground coal fires only progresses very slowly through conduction in the rock material. Anomalies of coal fires completely covered by solid unfractured bedrock are very weak and were only measured during the night. The thermal pattern of underground coal fires manifested on the surface during the daytime is thus the pattern of cracks and vents, which occur due to the volume loss underground and which support radiation and convective energy transport of hot gasses. Inside coal fire temperatures can hardly be measured and can only be recorded if the glowing coal is exposed through a wider crack in the overlaying bedrock. Direct coal fire temperatures measured ranged between 233 °C and 854 °C. The results presented can substantially support the planning of thermal mapping campaigns, analyses of coal fire thermal anomalies in remotely sensed data, and can provide initial and boundary conditions for coal fire related numerical modeling.In a second paper named “Thermal Characteristics of Coal Fires 2: results of measurements on simulated coal fires” [Zhang J., Kuenzer C., Tetzlaff A., Oettl D., Zhukov B., Wagner W., 2007. Thermal Characteristics of Coal Fires 2: Result of measurements on simulated coal fires. Accepted for publication at Journal of Applied Geophysics. doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2007.08.003] we report about thermal characteristics of simulated coal fires simulated under simplified conditions. The simulated set up allowed us to measure even more parameters under undisturbed conditions — especially inside fire temperatures. Furthermore we could demonstrate the differences between open surface coal fires and covered underground coal fires. Thermal signals of coal fires in near range thermal remotely sensed imagery from an observing tower and from an airplane are presented and discussed. 相似文献