一次东北冷涡云降水垂直结构特征分析

利用辽宁阜新国家站(121.7458°E,42.0672°N)的毫米波云雷达(8 mm)和微雨雷达(12.5 mm)对2020年8月12-13日东北冷涡影响下的一次降水过程进行了观测,分析了云降水的垂直结构特征并探讨了降水机制。结果表明：本次过程中,云水平方向发展不均匀,以层状云和层积混合云为主,云内有时还嵌有对流泡。云降水阶段性变化明显,先后出现了层状云降水、层积混合云降水和对流云降水。层状云降水和层积混合云降水均表现出明显的亮带特征,但层积混合云降水的雷达回波强度、回波顶高和降水强度明显大于层状云降水。对流云降水的雷达回波会因强降水而产生明显衰减,因此回波顶高不能表示出实际的云顶情况。层状云降水阶段,云雷达反射率随高度降低增长缓慢,雨滴在下落过程中受蒸发和碰并的共同作用,反射率降低。与层状云降水相比,层积混合云降水的碰并效应强,且由于前期降水对近地面的增湿作用,使云下蒸发弱。对流云降水阶段,反射率的增长主要发生在冰水混合层,有利于大滴的产生,拓宽了云滴谱,提高了碰并效率。     

喜马拉雅山北坡典型高山冻土区冬季径流过程

喜马拉雅山北坡广泛分布着岛状多年冻土,冻土对径流过程有着不可忽视的影响。卡鲁雄曲是该区唯一有常规水文气象观测资料的流域,海拔范围是4 550~7 200 m,其中5 100 m以上为高山冻土区,以下为深层季节冻土区。近20年径流有较明显的增加趋势,为了探明引起径流变化的原因,采用流域内翁果水文站1983—2003年的月径流资料,通过Mann Kendall趋势检验法,Sen坡度估计以及相关统计分析方法,发现寒冷期（11月至次年3月）径流有不同程度的涨幅,发生突变的年份在1990年左右。尤其以1月份最为明显,后10年比前10年增加了67%。遥相关分析表明,1月份径流与7~12月径流有通过95%显著性检验的相关性,它们的共同作用使得径流变化尤为显著,这是冻土区所特有的。     

康定县三碉金矿床流体包裹体研究

探讨康定县三碉金矿床的流体包裹体特征,分析成矿流体的性质,有助于该区成矿条件的认识.通过使用显微冷热台检测该矿床流体包裹体样本的温度,得到该矿床的均一温度、冰点数据,分析其成矿物理化学条件.结果显示,样品的均一温度集中在140～320℃之间,部分样品的均一温度接近500℃;盐度w(NaCl,eqv)集中于6.79％～3...     

河西走廊中部寒潮、霜冻天气过程对比分析及预报着眼点

从天气实况、影响系统、数值预报产品等方面对1994年5月1~4日和2004年5月1~5日发生在甘肃河西走廊的2次较强寒潮、霜冻天气过程进行对比分析,找出了此类天气的预报着眼点。     

一次强对流天气综合分析

2004年7月4日下午,甘肃河东出现强雷阵雨天气并伴有冰雹。从大尺度环境场、物理量场特征、多普勒雷达回波特征3方面综合分析本次强对流天气的成因。本次过程在500 hPa高空环流形势场上呈典型的西北气流型,冷平流随高度增加使不稳定层结得以建立和维持。干冷空气冲击高原东侧到甘肃中部的能量锋,触发了强烈的对流。根据雷达回波演变过程看出,冰雹是由多单体风暴造成的,在径向速度图上可分析出γ中尺度气旋性旋转流场。     

广西寒露风初日变化特征以及对双季晚稻抽穗安全期的影响

基于广西1961—2020年88个气象站观测资料,分析寒露风初日时空变化特征、50%及80%保证率初日,并结合水稻发育期资料对广西双季晚稻抽穗安全期进行分析。结果显示：(1)在时间上,广西寒露风初日以0.23 d/10a(P<0.05)的速率呈微弱提前趋势,呈不对称的“W”形特征;在空间上,广西寒露风初日呈高纬度早、低纬度晚,山区早、平地晚的“阶梯式”分布特征。(2)广西寒露风初日存在22年、12年、8年、3年4个周期变化,其中22年是广西寒露风初日的主要周期,未发生明显突变。(3)广西双季晚稻平均齐穗期以0.22 d/10a(P<0.05)的速率推迟,抽穗扬花期遭遇寒露风影响频率为21.9%。建议适当调整晚稻播种期,使其齐穗期提早3～7 d。桂中北地区应谨慎推广晚稻中晚熟品种,以避免受突发性的寒露风灾害影响。     

多尺度合成的降水临近预报技术

基于我国新一代多普勒天气雷达观测资料,以梅雨锋等大范围降水为主要研究对象,研究了降水临近预报方法.根据暴雨回波的多尺度特征等,研究暴雨回波的尺度滤波,分割、匹配等处理技术;根据不同尺度回波生命史来约束其预报时效,得到分尺度下的降水预报场,实现暴雨回波多尺度的合成降水量临近预报;将分尺度与不分尺度降水预报结果进行了比较.结果表明,针对大范围强降水多尺度合成的降水量临近预报方法,因不同尺度的回波外推考虑了各自运动的特性及其生命史的差异,预报精度有所提高.     

A pre-Ipswichian cold stage mammalian fauna from the Balderton Sand and Gravel,Lincolnshire, England

The Balderton Sand and Gravel has yielded one of very few mammalian faunas dated to the penultimate Cold Stage in Britain. The assemblage is dominated by mammoth and woolly rhinoceros, with subordinate horse, red deer, bison, straight-tusked elephant, musk ox, reindeer, wolf, lion, brown bear and cf. narrow-nosed rhinoceros. This fauna indicates cold stage conditions, probably including one or more interstadial episodes. The presence of straight-tusked elephant and cf. narrow-nosed rhinoceros supports its pre-Devensian age, and provides corroboration for the occurrence of these taxa in the British Wolstonian. An attempt is made to analyse the fossil collection by preservation type and adhering sediment: the occurrence of individual species appears to be largely uncorrelated with lithology. The Balderton assemblage corresponds well to other British mammal faunas assigned to a cold interval between the Hoxnian and Ipswichian Interglacials.     

A NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF WIND FIELDS AT UPPER LEVELS IN THE MEIYU PERIOD ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOW LEVEL JET AND MESOSCALE SYSTEMS

Using a mesoscale model,a numerical study on a heavy rainfall case occurring in theChangjiang-Huaihe River Basin is made in this paper.The influence of the intensity ofnortheasterly wind in front of the Qinghai-Xizang high at upper level on the low level wind fieldand development of mesoscale systems as well as heavy rainfall is investigated.The model wellreproduced the heavy rainfall process and the weather systems associated.And it indicates that thestrong northeasterly flow around the high at upper troposphere will bring about not only thestrengthening of low level southeasterly wind,but also the appearance of shear-line and mesoscalevortex at low level.The coupling of northerly wind at upper level and southerly wind at lowerlevel constructs a vertical indirect circulation which is most favourable for the development ofconvective motions.Its ascending branch in the shear-line area is very strong and shows apronounced mesoscale characteristic.     

CHANGE TRENDS OF EXTREME CLIMATE EVENTS IN CHINA

The variations of extreme climate events such as cold wave, typhoon, hot and cold days havebeen discussed using the recent 45-year data. The reductions of nationwide cold wave activities andannual cold day number in northern China all have close relationship with warming winters,especially during 1980s and early 1990s. Decrements of annual hot day number are associated withcooling summers. The typhoon variation has connection with the tropical Pacific sea surfacetemperature conditions. The increments of drought/flood events since 1980s may be connectedindirectly with climate warming up significantly since 1980s. The climate variability of theseextreme climate events has decreased with time since 1980s.