ANALYSIS OF CLOUD-TO-GROUND LIGHTNING CHARACTERISTICS IN MESOSCALE STORM IN BELIING AREA

The research indicates that there is a positive correlation between the negative CG flash rate and the area of radarecho with its reflectivity being equal to or greater than 30 dBz in the mesoscale convective system in Beijing area.A max-imum of the positive CG flash rate exists at both the initial and the dissipating stages.The CG flashes are usually locatednear but not within the high reflectivity center.The negative flashes are associated with.the positions of the updraft re-gion,and with the regions of wind convergence and wind shear.Generally,the negative CG flashes are concentrative andthe positive ones are dispersive.     

广东中部地区雷电和CINRAD雷达回波的统计关系

应用2004年4～8月广州雷达资料和广东省电力部门闪电资料,采用闪电位置资料与雷达回波强度相叠加的方法进行统计。结果表明,负闪频次的值偏多时,既不在低层的弱回波上,也不在高层的强回波上,而是在中间层4～16层(2～14 km)的12～45 dBz较强回波上。在6～14层(3～11 km)10～35 dBz回波上,广东中部地区负闪面积偏大。在第1～10层(0.5～7 km)44～51 dBz强回波上,出现负闪雷电的概率是0.4～0.7。     

北京地区闪电特征初探

对信息产业部第22所研制的XDD03A雷电探测系统获取的2000～2003年北京地区云-地闪电资料进行了闪电的日变化、月变化、闪电的强度、闪电密度、极性等方面的分析,研究了北京地区的闪电分布特征。结果表明：云地闪中负闪占大多数;正闪的平均强度大于负闪;闪电的发生有明显的日变化,呈双锋双谷形式;最多闪电日数出现在7月和8月,几乎每天都出现闪电,而闪电次数最多则出现于8月份。北京地区闪电分布主要集中于4个区域,闪电的空间分布与地形及下垫面的性质有关。     

华南暖区强对流降水系统的结构和闪电特征分析

利用加密地面观测资料、多普勒雷达资料及广东省地闪资料,研究了24h内影响华南珠江三角洲的两次中尺度强降水系统的结构特征和地闪特征。结果表明：（1）第一次对流系统以后建型方式（back-building）组建,垂直结构类似海上对流,水平结构类似平行层状的对流系统。第二次对流系统垂直结构倾向于陆地的对流,水平结构类似于拖曳...     

The Characteristics of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Activity with Severe Thunderstorm Wind in South and North China

The characteristics of cloud-to-ground（CG） lightning activity with severe thunderstorm wind（STW） in South and North China are analyzed using CG lightning data, radar data, and serious weather reports. The percentage of positive CG（PCG） flashes with STW in North China is larger than that in South China. STW takes place during the period when the total CG and PCG density is increasing fastest. STW also occurs close to the high-value center of CG and PCG density. In North China, the CG and PCG density in the grid of STW maximizes approximately 20 minutes after the STW occurs; while in South China, the PCG density and percentage of PCG in the grid of STW maximizes about 10 minutes before the occurrence of STW. The high-value centers of CG density and PCG density in North China move slightly faster than those in South China, which is opposite to the rate of increasing CG activity.     

回击电流及热效应与闪电光谱和通道温度的相关性分析

依据在青海地区由无狭缝光栅摄谱仪获得的2次多回击云对地闪电的光谱,结合同步辐射电场变化资料,计算了放电等离子体的温度、光谱总强度以及回击通道的峰值电流和作用积分。对观测结果和这些参数进行对比分析,结果表明:(1)同一次地闪的不同回击过程中,光谱总强度与放电电流的大小呈正相关;(2)相邻2次回击的时间间隔较长时,等离子体通道的温度与电流作用积分基本成正比;当相邻2次回击的时间间隔较短时,通道温度与作用积分不再线性相关。     

四川盆地雷暴动力及微物理模拟参量与地闪关系的研究

为探讨地闪活动与中尺度数值模式输出量之间的关系,利用新一代中尺度数值模式WRF模拟2011年7月23日四川盆地中的一次强雷暴过程,并对比研究模式输出的动力和微物理场量与地闪频数的关系。结果表明,在WRF模式中采用Kain-Fritsch积云参数化方案和Thompson微物理方案的组合方案能较为成功模拟出此次雷暴过程,模式输出的上升气流和冰相粒子与地闪关系密切,500hPa霰和300hPa冰晶含量在时间上比地闪频数超前约15min,300hPa雪晶含量与地闪频数在时间上基本同步;上升气流速度对冰相粒子的分布起关键作用,上升气流速度较大地区附近相应地闪活动比较频繁。     

基于最小二乘支持向量机的雷暴预报初探

利用2007年和2008年南京地区NCEP 1°×1°历史再分析资料和江苏省闪电定位资料,探讨最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)方法在雷暴预报中的应用.将NCEP 1°×1°资料作为实况,选取了该资料与雷暴相关性较好的参数作为预报因子,而江苏省闪电定位资料则作为预报量,建立南京地区雷暴预报的最小二乘支持向量机模型,并用...     

Optical Observations on Propagation Characteristics of Leaders in Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Flashes

Using 2 high-speed cameras, we have recorded 14 negative cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flashes, half of which are natural and the others are artificially triggered. The two-dimensional (2D) propagation speed of different type leaders and the luminosity of lightning channel are analyzed in detail. Bidirectional leader processes are observed during the initial processes of two altitude triggered negative lightning (ATNL)flashes. The analysis shows: the propagation speed of the upward positive leader (UPL) before the initiation of the downward negative leader (DNL) is at the order of 104-105 m s-1; the UPL can be intensified by the initiation and development of the DNL in the way that the luminosity is enhanced and the speed is sped up; after initiation, the DNL in one ATNL flash propagates downward three times intermittently with interval of about 1 ms, while that in the other ATNL flash propagates downward continuously with a speed at the order of 105 m s-1. In the five classical triggered negative lightning (CTNL) flashes, the propagation speeds of the UPLs vary between 0.35×105 and 7.71×105 m s-1, and the variations of their luminosities and speeds are quite complex during the development processes. Among the four observed natural negative lightning flashes occurred on the land, three have only one return stoke (RS) each and all of their DNLs have many branches with an average speed at the order of 105 m s-1; while the another one has 13 RSs.In the CG flash with 13 RSs, the DNL before the first RS has no obvious branch below 1.4 km above the ground, and its speed ranges from 2.2×105 to 2.3×105 m s-1 between the heights of 0.7 and 1.4 km and exceeds 3.9×106 m s-1 below 0.7 km; preceding the 4th RS, an attempted leader is observed with a speed ranging from 1.1×105 to 1.1×106 m s-1 between 0.8 and 1.5 km. As for the three observed natural negative lightning flashes occurred on the sea, each has only one RS, and each DNL preceding the RS has a few branches, two of which have an average propagation speed at the order of 105 m s-1, and the other of 106m s-1, respectively. All the DNLs contained in the observed natural negative lightning flashes, except the attempted leader, propagate with gradually increasing luminosity and increasing speed in whole.     

山东地区冰雹云的闪电活动特征

利用山东电力部门提供的雷电定位资料,对10次冰雹过程的地闪活动特征进行了分析。通过分析发现,雹暴中正地闪占总地闪的比例平均为57.39％,远高于当地正地闪比例的气候特征值13.48％。地面降雹区基本出现在正地闪密集（活跃）区或邻近区域。在雹云快速发展阶段,地闪频数存在明显的“跃增”;在减弱消散阶段,地闪频数显著减少,但正地闪比例有所提高。负地闪频数峰值的出现通常提前于降雹0～20 min,正地闪频数峰值的出现一般滞后于降雹发生时间。整个降雹阶段对应于正地闪的活跃阶段。另外,结合对卫星观测的总闪电资料分析,发现冰雹云的云闪与地闪的比值远高于一般的雷雨过程,其云闪密度也远高于雷雨过程。以上这些特征对于冰雹的识别和对冰雹的超短时预报具有指示意义。